Proceedings of the General Meeting of the Association of Japanese Geographers

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Regional development components are very important for Turkey in the process of membership to the European Union (EU). Hence, we analyzed regional tendencies in Turkey based on sectoral GDP per capita incomes of the regions in terms of EU type regionalization movement called as NUTS Level Regions (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) for a more different research point from other studies. We also aimed to reach more applicable and realistic results for potential project opportunities in the regions than single and simple estimation and computation studies of regional inequalities. In this regard, the neoclassic growth model and its convergence theory is used to discuss as a development instrument. It is important to mention here that weak administration structures and wrong project implementations result in low regional homogeneity, productivity, and investments. In this point, analyzing sectoral developments of regions may assist developing and underdeveloped regions for their potential project areas to achieve higher levels of output per capita as compared with other regions' conditions.
In the per capita version of the Solow model, permanent population growth is incorporated. In this case, the steady state is defined in per capita terms while absolute quantities continue to grow. Therefore, some economic variables such as income, consumption, savings, capital stock and investment are expressed in per capita terms. In this context, it is very easy to mention that sectors in the regions will be another important application field of economic variables.
Therefore, the neoclassic growth model emphasizes the role of technological progress and labor productivity in maintaining a sustained long-run rate of growth by directly affecting the dynamics of the growth process. In steady state, therefore, the growth rate of output is equal to the rate of population growth and the rate of technological progress. This shows that output per worker will grow at the rate of technological progress in a state of balanced growth over the long run. Additionally, our study emphasizes that economic growth depends on administration skills and development project implementations, which refer to improved and proper organizations due to sectoral developments in the regions. Physical and technological progresses signify the areas of multidimensional regional development projects, which are utilized in the phase of regional convergence.
As the findings of the study for Turkish regions in sigma-convergence, the share of agricultural sector in total GDP per capita (in 1987 constant prices) had a decreasing tendency in all regions that resulted in divergence tendency till 1998 (Fig. 1). In industry, there was an increasing tendency in all regions in recent years and the most remarkable divergence was also observed (Fig. 2). As a remarkable finding, the most significant convergence tendency was observed in constructional GDP per capita (Fig. 3). In transportation and communication, a weak convergence tendency was observed (Fig. 4) by an increasing tendency in its sectoral share for all regions. Similarly, in trade, there was an increasing tendency in all regions, however, a remarkable divergence tendency was also observed in this sector (Fig. 5). For both financial institutions and business & personal services sectors, there were small waving tendencies that respectively resulted in a divergence tendency in financial institutions till 1993 (Fig. 6), and in business & personal services from 1987 (Fig. 7). Also, ownership of dwelling sector showed a strong divergence tendency (Fig. 8).
Consequently, for reaching the regional convergence targets and balancing regional development components, the main focus and effort should be on sectors, which have remarkable divergence tendencies such as agriculture, industry, trade, and ownership of dwelling sector with specific regional combined and co-operated projects among regions in Turkey.

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This paper will analyze images of Japan, travel patterns and destinations of foreign tourists in Japan. Foreign tourism in Japan is currently shifting from a concentration on few destinations to a larger variety of travel patterns. The Seto Inland Sea Area will be taken as an example to analyze different types of foreign tourism and to evaluate chances and constraints as a tourist destination. The Seto Inland Sea was highly praised among foreign travelers in the Edo period for its beautyfull landscape; however, nowadays, it is not a major international tourist destination. Data gained from six monitor tours with foreigners in the Seto Inland Sea Area will be used to analyze the image of the area, possibilities for tourism and recreation and hindrances for travelers.

1. Images of Japan and motivations to travel
Images of Japan and motivations to travel there differ by country of origin. According to sureveys from JNTO, travelers from Europe or Northern America are intersted in daily life, history and culture, those from Asia, mainly China and Taiwan, in cities and nature and those from Korea in hot springs. As for their image of Japan, visitors from Europe, Northern Amerika and Korea have a positive image of the Japanese themselves, vistors from Asia including Korea of urban landscapes and services and visitors from Europe and Northern Amerika of history, culture and food. Considering the fact that images and motivations differ according to place of origin, this paper wil concentrate on visitors from Europe and North Amerika, who also have a stronger tendency to travel individually and form a large part of travelers visiting the Chugoku-Shikoku area.

2. Travel destinations
Few data are available about the movements of foreign tourists in Japan. In 2006, a provisional survey on accommodation was conducted; data from JNTO and from the destination regions help to analyze patterns of foreign tourism. These surveys will be used to understand the factors that influence destination choices. Destinations also depend on the country of origin; the Chugoku-Shikoku area is generally little visited.

3. The Seto Inland Sea as an international tourist destination
Tourist destinations in this area visited by foreigners can be roughly divided into four types:
(1) Port towns with preserved townscapes and a rhich cultural heritage. At the present, very few poreigners visit these places, but they have a high potential for culturally interested tourists.
(2) Small-scale resorts that cater to foreigners living in Japan, but have also attracted the attention of tourists due to their cheap accommodation, easy access and possibilities for outdoor activities and relaxation in a rural environment.
(3) Special Interest Tourism destinations, including themes like art, architecture or history.
(4) Established international destinations, concentrating on one major attraction.

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Purpose and study area
In Japan, since middle of 1990's, the supply of condominiums moved from suburban area to the city centre again. Wecan find out this tendency in the local urban area. And the brand new tower style condominiums are not only in the metropolitan area. This study treats former residences and commuting conditions concerning the dwellers of condominiums in the city centre of Sapporo (Chuo Ward), Okayama and Naha, and penetrates the problem in the area.
Outline of results
Many of dwellers of condominiums in the city centre are moved from the same city. Consequently, "Decentralized control of the population" is more appropriate to "The return to the city centre" that has been pointed out up to now. The private cars are multiused to commuting. The maintenance of the public transportation facilities are important to attempt sustainable development of local urban area with the city centre's reinvigoration.

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