Proceedings of the General Meeting of the Association of Japanese Geographers

39 Sight lines to Mt. Fuji are found on the map made by Tadataka INOU, of which lines noted in the compass direction. The bearing angle between the direction and the true North should be the magnetic deviation if no errors exist.

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The Climatic changes and the dust fluctuation histories during the Holocene at Altai Mountain in Mongolia were presumed by the diatom analysis of the lake and marsh deposits. In 2017, we surveyed at 16 lakes and marshes at Altai Mountain, and took 40 diatom samples and 6 drilling cores. The diatoms in the lakes and marshes distributed according to the water environment, especially electric conductivity. We found the two high water stages after 4000 years BP using diatom analysis of the cores.

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The agricultural economy of developed countries pointed out that concentration and specialization are coming to an end. However, there is a movement to promote consolidation by utilizing new technology. Amongst other, the movement to utilize ICT in agricultural production sector is one of them.
This research focuses on information interpretation, decision making, and actions. It was based on the mechanism of ICT acceptance process at the cucumber group in Nshimikawa Agricultural Cooperative. Also, it was based on a study on contemporary features and their development on ICT utilization for farm work records in the agricultural production.

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Water Management System Suitable to the Tropical Monsoon Climate
Hue was the capital of the Nguyen Dynasty and is located in the coastal area north of the Hai Van Pass, which is in the central part of Viet Nam. And it belongs to the tropical monsoon climate, which has a distinctive rainy season and a rather vague dry season climatically.

At the centre of the imperial tombs of the Nguyen Dynasty, reservoirs were constructed to suit conditions of the tropical monsoon climate, and these were designed and maintained so that the water level of the lakes would not change largely all through the year, to prevent flooding from damaging those tombs and those downstream areas during the rainy season, while in the dry season the lakes were supposed not to dry up and to supply irrigation water to the downstream areas.

However, at present, around those imperial tombs, including the Gia Long Tomb, it seems that the water management system developed to meet the specific conditions of the region’s climate is not functioning as necessarily. So we would like to point out about each of the issues and make proposals about how to restore the traditional water management system in the future.

2. Breakage of Traditional Water Management Facilities and Changes in Land Use in the Gia Long Tomb Area

Some important water management facilities both upstream and downstream of the lake are deteriorated and currently these facilities do not look like they are functioning as originally planned. And, the amount of mud flowing into the lake has been increasing around the lake and upstream areas as the forests in the neighbourhood are increasingly becoming those of acacia trees. In addition to this, if the lake is not maintained appropriately, for example, if any deteriorated lakeside embankment is not repaired and sludge accumulated at the bottom of the lake is not regularly dredged away, the lake bottom becomes shallower and shallower and it will reduce the capacity to store water in the lake.

3. For Restoration of the Traditional Water Management System

We would like to make three proposals for restoration of the traditional water management system that has existed in this region. First of all, repair of important water management facilities. These are a key element to support the traditional water management system. For example, in the Gia Long Tomb, it is an urgent issue to repair the stone covered waterway and the water gate that control the water level of the lake. Secondly, we would propose reconsideration and review of forestry focusing on acacia trees around imperial tombs and upstream areas. The third proposal is about repair of the embankment to prevent soil draining in the lake and regular dredging of the lake.

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