Since the 2000s, the growth of the horticulture sector of India is remarkable as many have noted. In this paper the author would like to focus upon India's horticultural export.  Especially the increase in fresh fruit and vegetable is remarkable and we can find newly constructed trade pattern on the Indian Ocean Rim region.

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We studied on the relationships between micro-landforms on Shirakawa River and inundated areas induced by the 2012 Northern Kyushu Heavy Rain.

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And were divided in two-earner family with full-time homemaker household regional differences of residence selection of child-rearing households at the time of the child birth. Full-time homemaker households in the first child had a residence selection with an emphasis on child-rearing environment. I had a residence selection that emphasizes convenience of transportation, the proximity to the city center in two-earner households. Full-time homemaker households in the second child for better housing environment, households that have moved from a neighbor there were many. I had a residence selection and cause the job proximity living in two-income households.

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[in Japanese]

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Each prefecture has implemented its own regional health care program to achieve appropriate allocation of medical resources, and has set secondary medical areas as regional units of hospital treatment. However, the secondary medical areas including many isolated islands in Nagasaki Prefecture are limited in their ability to provide adequate health care within their own borders. Then, the health care plan in isolated islands seeks to maintain the minimum health care services with the mainland’s help.

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Since climate is a correlation of nature and human as discussed in Wtsuji climate (Huudo) theory, it could be said Huudo = climatology. I consider that theBoth studies on thatched roof by Sugeno old highschool teacher and studies onTraditional arcades by Ujiie old highschool teacher is also a study of the way of life of the person who is practiced so as to adapt to the climate of the land and Is a geographical study mostly. I would like to think that their studies the mostlyappropriate geography. In this presentation I consider their studies as climatological significant works.

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Drylands in middle-high latitudes have a severe environment coupled with an arid and cold climate and the livelihood has been jeopardized repeatedly by natural disasters that occur in such a climate. The disasters are characterized by so-called 4D (i.e., drought, dzud, dust storm, and desertification) that occur interactively. The present project aims (1) to relate the 4D disasters in the dry inland area of Eurasia to each other in terms of causal mechanisms (especially, drought memory) and the time scales of their occurrence and (2) to develop comprehensive proactive countermeasures and make a policy recommendation for
mitigating multi-disaster impacts.

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[in Japanese]

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Abiko City fully revised 'Abiko disaster prevention map' based on the new analysis of seismic hazard with the support by the 'GSI disaster prevention information support team' and distributed it to its citizens in May 2013. Upon analysis, micro-topography classification map was newly created using aerial photographs, old topographic maps and land condition maps. To avoid the ignorance of detailed information of the classification through averaging by meshing, liquefaction risk was estimated directly from the polygon data of the classification. In the newly printed map, a column describing how these maps were created was included.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Relationship between Tsunami depth and Tsunami hazard damages of the Great East Japan Earthquake

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[in Japanese]

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"Hystory of Japan Army Land Survey" includes example maps of Rapid Survey Topographic Map drawn during Seinan Civil War in 1877, but its textbook was unknown. I found its two textbooks of Japan Military School printed in 1876 : "Simple Survey Method" and "Topography Course Textbook" in Kreitmann Collection of Japanology High Studies Institute, College de France. The former textbook includes the same model Rapid Survey Map, translated to Japanese, as the one included in Lehagre’s ”Topographie”

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  After the age of suburubanization, the concept of compact city was admitted widely and the possiblitities of city center begins to reassess.  But, many city centers have not adapted well to changes of society and urban sturucture.  Therefore, this symposium examines the commercial, residential and land use problems of city centers in post-growth society and presents the future prospects of city centers.

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[in Japanese]

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This paper reports on the geoarchaeological survey in the Wadi al-Kabir basin in the interior of Oman. The goal of the survey was to understand the relationship between the landform development and the human occupation. The survey team discovered 23 archaeological sites and scatters. Late Pleistocene artefacts were identified in the piedmont areas, while Holocene lithics were scattered on residual hills. The team also identified 246 cairns, most of which were built in the Hafit period (3200–2750 cal. BC). In addition, there was a Bronze Age and Islamic settlement, called Al-Hāsi, on the terrace between the two wadis.

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 In a second grader's lesson (4 times of weeks), the lesson was advanced by the flow "the geomorphology → manufacturing of world →climatology → agriculture farming of world."
 In a third grader's lesson (6 times of weeks) rural geography and urban geography → global society → theme of world (race, population, and environmental problem) → forestry → fisheries → map of the connection → statistical exercises .
 It has ended to the subjects of modern world now.
 When it had a class in such a form, the following results (change in a good direction) were seen.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Kushiro City is located in the Pacific coast of eastern Hokkaido. The estimated population of tsunami refuge in the city reaches about 130 thousand. Aging of the population is another challenge for tsunami refuge. This study examines the problems of the refuge by elderly people in Kushiro City through the cases of neighborhood association in central part of the city. As the results, the neighborhood association needs to make an agreement with high-rise apartment with hood for temporary evacuation. It is important to promulgate the withdraw rule that make residents evacuate within 15 minutes after the earthquake.

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The Function and The Problems of Temporary Shops.A Case Study of Tarou Area of Miyako City,Iwate prefecture.

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[in Japanese]

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    This research aims at analyzing the present condition of big stores closing in the local cities in Japan, and examines the agendas on using of the closing, and the effective correspondence by local governments.  In this research, the questionnaire was performed in 849 cities, towns and villages all over the country, and the hearing was performed in six local governments which succeeded in using of the closing.
    As a result, the following four points became clear.  1) 50.4% of the local governments which had a large store in the central city area have experienced the closing of a big store.  2) It is very difficult to introduce commercial establishment with an ability to pull in more customers after the closing.  3) The compound development which unified downsized type redevelopment is effective.  4) It is important to adjust the right by a governmental agency at an early stage.

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[in Japanese]

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National Institute for Research Advancement (NIRA) has been publishing ‘Indexes for Recovery and Reconstruction following the Great East Japan Earthquake’ since September 2011, in order to provide objective picture of recovery and reconstruction in the region struck by the tsunami following the Great East Japan Earthquake (37 cities, towns and villages / Three prefectures). To ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of policy for the promotion of recovery from a disaster, it will be essential to position statistical and other data as the cornerstone of policy formulation (Evidence Based Policymaking: EBP). And to provide the victims of disaster basis of planning and reconstructing their livings, objective information of the recovery status in their region is crucial. Because Japan’s present statistical system is not able to respond to these needs, special rules should be established in advance, for example, which enable local municipalities and private organizations share information by providing statistical data to the central government in the event of a disaster. And numerous surveys conducted in the disaster-hit areas focusing on the victims’ livings must be collaborated with statistical data analysis of the region, in order to improve policy making and implementation of recovery.

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Perspective of Regional Geography for General Readers by Using Tourism Guidebooks

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[in Japanese]

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Shrines along the Sanriku coastal areas affected by the Great East Earthquake, were scarcely damaged. On the other hand, not a few of the shrines on Sendai Plain were damaged.  This paper aims to offer a perspective to see the relationship between the sea, the daily life of the inhabitants and their production along the coast, through examining the location and the symbolic meaning of the shrines in each area.  Some cases that a shrine functioned effectively for safe evacuation from the tsunami disaster, and the challenges of making a good use of a shrine are shown.

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Submarine active faults along the plate boundaries arouund Japan are very major tectonic features directly related to large earthquakes and tsunamis. Simulation based on earthquake source fault deduced from geometry of a 500km-long active fault off Japan trench axis, well explains amount of co-seismic subsidence and tunami height along the NE Japna coast associated with the 2011 of the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake.

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The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake raised many problems related to (1) the limitation of scientific understanding of disaster itself and (2)the increasing vulnerabilities caused by recent social structures or lifestyle of our country. It is essential to check carefully from the view point of multidiscipline. Geography should bear a part of this examination. This symposium examines the geographical pattern of the disaster distribution, and discusses the meaning of them. Observing varieties and clarifying regionalities of damages by tsumami or geohazards should be the major subject of disaster geography.

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Meteorological observation result in Terai, lowland Nepal (2012)

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[in Japanese]

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Indonesia is under intense pressure from the international community regarding the remarkable expansion of oil palm plantation. However, the national government has plans for expanding more and more. In order to find the sustainable way of oil palm plantation management we need to assess the local level of the oil palm village. This study assessed and documented the transmigration village which is oil palm as the main resources and likelihood of the villagers. The examination was done from extensive field work. This study also develops the extension method of KJ method, namely FH method. Interaction between stakeholders and stakeholder’s role are input into the simple scheme, and finally yields the best explanation of the sustainability assessment in the village. This study revealed that the sustainability model of oil palm plantation management in the local level need to concern in the following variables; (1) social capital that embedded within the smallholders, (2) support from the company, local government and financial institution, (3) organization within the village, and (4) the government policies for maintaining the long-term sustainable management.

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[in Japanese]

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