We conducted after-school lectures on entomophagy with insect tasting opportunities for high school students. A short questionnaire survey conducted before and after the lectures suggested that the students had developed a positive, sociocultural view of entomophagy. Therefore, we recommend that introducing entomophagy practices from around the world in geography and biology classes could enable students to reflect on the richness of food diversity as an extension of their own lives. We also suggest that teaching about entomophagy could lead to an essential open-mindedness in the future generations of Japan to tackle food and environmental issues worldwide.

In Japan, from around 2019, people who live on the move permanently with their occupation, without owning or renting a house, have been attracting attention and have been called "address hoppers". In this presentation, based on the results of the interview survey and the analysis of blogs, I will clarify their thoughts and feelings about mobile life from their narratives. Furthermore, in order to approach the above-mentioned issues, I will describe an attempt to discuss mobile life in connection with the results of tourism geography and cultural geography, focusing on the "sense of place" in the mobile life.

The global warming has resulted in increase in snow depth and permafrost degradation in the Arctic terrestrial region. Observations captured increase of river discharge flowing into the Arctic Ocean, which is likely associated with impact of the degraded permafrost induced ground ice melt water. However, more comprehensive information examined their relationship is still lacking, including influence of snowmelted water and summer rainfall. This study developed a tracer model to quantify the contribution rates of snowmelt water, rain water, and ground ice sourced water to river discharge and evapotranspiration and addresses the quantification results for the Arctic terrestrial region.

The most comfortable place among AMeDAS observatories in Japan was examined.Comfortable temperatures were defined as 20.0-24.9C in this survey.The analysis period is 2020 calendar year. The comfortable points was Kita-Daito-jima Island in Okinawa Prefecture. Comfortable hors were 3244 hours. The next was Minami-Daito-jima Island(3229hours).These are isolated islands that are about 360km away from Naha, Okinawa main island. These islands are exactly maritime climate.

Since the research on the Tokoro River so far has focused on the mainstream water quality survey, in this research, the temperature, water temperature, EC, etc. were surveyed at 22 points for one year from September 2020 to August 2021. BOD, pH, and RpH were investigated in the field, and TOC, analysis of major dissolved components, and alkalinity measurement were performed in the university laboratory. As a result, the correlation between EC and TOC was high, and both values were high especially at the observation points around Kitami City. It turned out to have a great influence on.

I INTRODUCTION

The Mogami River is a first-class river flowing through Yamagata Prefecture with a 229 km length (7th in Japan) and a 7,040 km² drainage basin (9th in Japan). This paper reports the results of a survey conducted to investigate the river water quality in this basin and compares the results with open data.

II METHOD

We carried out the field survey from 7 to 10 June 2021. Air temperature, water temperature, pH, RpH, electrical conductivity (EC), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured and water samples were taken at 53 sites in the mainstream and tributaries. We calculated the average of the biological oxygen demand (BOD) 75% values from 1984 to 2019 from the data by the Ministry of the Environment.

III RESULTS and DISCUSSION

The results of the survey showed the trend of water quality in the whole Mogami River basin.

The EC of the mainstream ranged from 101 to 167 µS/cm. The EC was particularly high at 167 µS/cm at the Nukanome bridge in the upper region, then decreased to 101 µS/cm at the Imogawa bridge, and then increased again to 159 µS/cm at the Murayama bridge in the middle stream. The EC of the tributaries ranged from 60 to 3075 µS/cm. Low EC values were recorded in rivers with high snowmelt inflows: 63 µS/cm in the Okitamashirakawa River and 78 µS/cm in the Tachiyazawa River. High EC values were recorded in the rivers with a high inflow of hot spring water: Sukawa River 3075 µS/cm, another Sukawa River 810 µS/cm and Zao River 634 µS/cm.

The COD values ranged from 0 to 8 mg/L. Rivers with high COD were the Yoshino River at 8 mg/L, the Inugawa River at 7 mg/L and the Sukawa River at 6 mg/L. COD in the mainstream increased from 0-1 mg/L in the upper region to 5 mg/L at the Kourai Bridge after the Yoshino and Inugawa Rivers joined.

The BOD 75% values measured by the authority ranged from 0.41 to 13.74 mg/L. Rivers with high BOD values were the Sakasa River (13.74 mg/L), the Komaki River (7.24 mg/L), and the Numagawa River (6.30 mg/L), which were found to be dispersed throughout the watershed.

Comparing the results of the survey with the spatial distribution of BOD, there were places where the high values did not match. For example, in the Yoshino River, Inugawa River and Sukawa River, which have high COD, BOD was not measured or was low. This may suggest that hidden water pollution in rivers exists and that BOD alone is limited in its assessment. It is concerned that the water quality of the mainstream will deteriorate if such rivers join the mainstream.

IV CONCLUSION

We reviewed the water quality of the rivers in the Mogami River basin in this study. In the future, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between each ionic component and other items and to clarify the factors that form the water quality and the water balance of the basin.

Ⅰ Introduction

The hydrographic geography research group can be the basis of hydrological research in a river basin by organizing and comparing natural (topographical geology, climate, hydrological) conditions, humanities, social conditions, etc. (hereinafter referred to as basin environment information), trying to create a "basin chorography". The purpose of creating a basin chorography is to clarify the environmental issues of the basin and its small basins, to show the direction of measures to maintain an appropriate environment, and to conduct a detailed survey based on them. It is to propose the ideal way of preserving the hydrological environment of the basin.

The basin is said to be the entire area where rain and snow fall, which is the source of the river water1), and is like a bowl where precipitation collects. Some are called large river basins such as first-class rivers and second-class rivers, while others are medium- and small-sized river basins, and in a broader sense, areas such as sewage and tap water are also basins. Furthermore, the degree of diffusion of population and social capital development varies depending on the basin. It is not easy to compare watersheds with different areas and social conditions, but with the generalization of GIS, watershed information has become easier to organize. In addition, the types of GIS data published are increasing year by year.

In this paper, we report a part of the result of organizing the basin environment information using the natural environment, hydrological environment, statistical data and GIS software published on the WEB, and propose the utilization measures.

Ⅱ Sites that can be used to create basin chorography

First, a website where basin environment information is published Etc. were investigated. An example of sites that can be used is shown (Table 1).

Ⅲ Organization of basin environment information by utilizing GIS

We suggest using QGIS. QGIS is used on various sites such as research, practice and management2) because it does not require a high license fee.Most of the public data is surface data for each attribute, so the size in the basin is fixed.

Generate a standard mesh and enter information such as terrain, geology, climate, and land use in the mesh. The merit of meshing is the area ratio of each information in the basin and its small basin. In addition, the rate of change can be calculated, making comparisons easy. As an example, the geological map of the Uono River basin, which is a tributary of the Shinano River, created from the 1/200,000 geological map of the national land survey is shown (Fig. 1).

Ⅳ Conclusion

We reported some of the results of organizing the basin environment information in mesh units for each basin and its small basins. These series of analyzes can be used not only as the basis of basin chorography, but also as basic materials for mass balance and water balance research for river basins, as well as simulations and floods of river floods and inland floods. It can also be used for disaster prevention and mitigation measures such as time outflow analysis. In the future, we would like to consider formulating the method using rasters with reference to topographical analysis and hydrological analysis using rasters3).

References

1) Takaharu NOMITSU ,Kinzou SENO (1959):New river studies ,CHIJIN SHOKAN CO . ,LTD .p .3

2) Yoichi MORIMOTO , Koji KODERA (2022):Environmental analysis using QGIS and 3D point cloud data , JOURNAL OF REGIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ,Vol .1

3) Koji KODERA , Yusuke NAKAYAMA , Yuta SHIMIZU , Shin-ichi ONODERA(2008): A study on the GIS model for the water environment analysis of river basin- A case of Ashida river basin - ,Hosei University Information Media Education and Research Center Research Report ,Vol .21

Management geography explores the spatial characteristics of management-related issues, especially of firms. This paper argues potentials of management geography as a bridge connecting management studies that has conducted organizational and strategic analysis of various actors centered on firms, and economic geography that has examined spatial characteristics of economic phenomena at local to global scales. As a book in the English book series by the Association of Japanese Geographers, Management geography: An Asian perspective focusing on Japan and surrounding regions is accepted for publication. We hope that this book contributes to expand management geography perspectives into economic geography, management studies and related fields.

Local society in Japan has been suffered its economic and social stagnation due to rapid decreasing of population and rapid increasing of aged population. It is one of major social issues for Japanese government. The southern part of Mie Prefecture has been also suffered caused the similar reasons. Therefore, establishing a social structure and a social security system adapted to the regional situations is an immediate demand. To solve these problems, we have hypothesized that the answer would take in sharing the newly created values cooperating partnerships among Industry-Academia-Local Government-Local Community, then we especially working on the “Yuzu Project” in Odai-Town, Mie prefecture, since 2010 in collaboration with local government, the third sector agricultural processing facilities and companies: yuzu or Citrus junos is a kind of Japanese citrus. The progress made in the “Yuzu Project” from 2010 to 2021 was reported in the previous meeting. In this paper, we report that the results of a survey on the activities and efforts of the “Yuzu Project” compared with the results of the Census of Agriculture and Forestry, in order to investigate the next stage for the "Yuzu Project". The concept and results reported here will become a sustainable local society model, as far as newly created values are shared in the communities.

1. Introduction

Human society has developed in connection with rivers. This is also the case in Russia. Seasonal changes in flow rates are observed in Russian rivers, mostly accompanied by spring floods. This is mostly due to snowmelt, which is the largest hydrological seasonal phenomenon in Russia and affects all sectors of the economy. In addition, a unique phenomenon called "ice jam" occurs during the spring flood season, in which the downstream of a northbound river is iced over while the upstream is iced over, resulting in flooding at the boundary between the iced over and iced over areas (Kurashima, 1963, Hydraulic Science). The city of Tomsk, with a population of about 570,000 and an area of 295km², is located in the western Siberian lowlands, about 50km² upstream of the confluence of the Tom and Obi Rivers. The Tom River is a tributary of the Obi River, which flows through Siberia. The Ushayka River runs east-west through the city, and the Tomi River runs north-south through the west side of Tomsk. In recent years, the Tomy River basin was severely damaged in 2010. Therefore, there is an increasing need for disaster prevention measures in Tomsk city. In this study, we developed an inundation model and conducted a network analysis of residents' evacuation behavior around the Ushayka River, which flows through Tomsk city.

2. data and analysis method

We downloaded the road and building data of the target area from OpenStreetMap, and used the numerical elevation data from SRTM provided by NASA, which was projected and converted to a 20m mesh of the target area. In addition, the land cover data containing each attribute including the city of Tomsk was used to set the roughness coefficient values for use in the inundation model. For the inundation model, a two-dimensional unsteady flow analysis based on the dynamic wave model, which is characterized by its ability to track the movement of expansive water, was used.

As for the evacuation behavior, since the attributes of the residents were not available, we simulated their arrival at the nearest evacuation site based on the buildings used for residential purposes. Two simulation patterns with different number of evacuation sites were conducted, and the results were analyzed before, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours after the flood. We also calculated the travel time from each evacuation site to each hospital in order to study the movement in Tomsk after the flood. This was also analyzed before, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours after the flood.

3. Results

Figure 1 shows the simulation of evacuation behavior after 4 hours of flood occurrence and consideration. As the initial value in the inundation model is no water flow, the flood flow of the Ushaika River joined the Tomi River at 4 hours of flood occurrence. The flood waters of the Ushayka River expanded its waterlogged area up to 6 hours after the onset of flooding, but there was no significant change after 6 hours.

In terms of evacuation behavior, the city of Tomsk was divided into north and south by the floodwaters of the Ushayka River after 4 hours, when the Ushayka River, which runs east to west through Tomsk, joined the Tomi River. In terms of the number of evacuated buildings, more than 1,000 buildings could not be evacuated four hours after the flood. Therefore, if people do not evacuate before the Ushayka River overflows, it will be difficult for them to move between north and south due to the flooding of the Ushayka River. In addition, depending on the analysis on the attributes of the residents, evacuation is expected to take a long time.

Harmonizing reliable, comprehensive, and cross-scale climate-related information is urgently required for decision-making and adaptation planning. This study proposes a framework for harmonizing and mapping different climate change impacts based on spatially explicit models. The framework aims to assist future policy-making and spatial planning in Japan's climate change adaptation to 2100. The seven harmonized indicators that reflect national and local interests were synthesized to generate the homogeneous impact zones using the K-means clustering algorithm. Finally, we presented the analogous impact maps in 2100 under different RCP scenarios that highlight the spatial configuration of diverse impacts' co-occurrence and underlying adaptation interventions gradient.

A multibeam bathymetric survey and SCUBA diving observations were conducted off a basalt sea cliff with vertical columnar joints at Keya, Fukuoka, Japan. Two platforms were observed at depths of 12 m and 17 m. The –17 m platform is considered to be a relict landform of the abrasion platform that formed during the last interglacial period, owing to the gradual subduction trend of the study area. Based on the width of the present platform and the duration of the erosion, the average retreat rate of the basalt sea cliff was estimated to be 1.25–1.3 cm/year.

In this presentation, I will discuss lives of parolees in Warabistan, a residential area of the Kurdish community in Warabi and Kawaguchi cities, Saitama Prefecture, using the Australian geographer Bissell´s geographies of pain as a guide for analysis. They are connected to the genealogy of non-representational theories concerned with lives of people involved and the processes that constitute and transform them. Informants who are refugee claimants cannot return to Kurdistan, and must live as parolees in Walabistan with inadequate livelihood security. The intensity of pain increases further, and it can be said that lives of the people concerned are threatened.

In the Siberian Taiga forest, nutrient deficit of nitrogen is common due to less microbial activity. However, extremely high concentration of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen were observed in stream running in the forest. This high concentration of nitrogen solute will be released by land use change by forest cutting in the wetland area in the western Siberia.

1 Introduction

The quality of water in the Shingashi River basin, which used to be an area where water quality deteriorated markedly, has been improving in recent years due to the basin sewerage system and friendly water projects. In recent years, however, the water quality has been improving due to the sewerage system and water conservation projects. However, there are still some areas where the water quality has not improved in the upper reaches of the tributaries located in the Sayama Hills. We will conduct a survey from December 2020 to identify the source of pollution and discuss the characteristics of the water environment, especially water quality.

2 Target area

The survey targeted rivers with deteriorating water quality around the Sayama Hills. The study was conducted in five locations: the upper reaches of the Furo River, the upper reaches of the Mutsuya River, the Sunagawabori watershed, and the middle reaches of the Meguro River and Karabori River in the Yanase River system.

3 Research method

As a monthly survey, 12 sites were surveyed every month from December 2020 to November 2021 to identify the pollution sources. In the field, water temperature, air temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), COD, pH and RpH will be measured and water samples will be collected for analysis of major dissolved components using ion chromatograph in the laboratory.

4 Results and discussion

The EC trend chart (Figure 1) shows that the average EC of the effluent at the outlet of the Kitano final disposal site (M1) upstream of the Mutsuya River is 1133μS/cm. The EC in March 2021 was 459μS/cm and in October 2021 was 1569μS /cm. The EC at this site is 3.4 times higher than that in March and October 2021. The mean EC value at Oriba Bridge (KR1) on the Kurome River is 239μS/cm, which is a low value. The mean EC at the outlet of the soft drink factory (KR2), 100m downstream from this point, is 1908μS/cm, a very high value. 1467μS/cm was recorded in February and the EC in November was 1968μS/cm , The EC in February was 1467 μS/cm and in November was 1968 μS/cm. The EC, air temperature and water temperature at the Yoshikiri Bridge (KR3) downstream (Figure 2) from 19 December to 26 December 2012 show that the air temperature was 2°C at 6am and around 15°C at 2pm due to the winter season. The EC and water temperature changed in tandem, with the EC and water temperature fluctuating between 200 and 600 μS/cm and between 13°C and 17°C, respectively. EC and water temperature are changing in tandem, and the factory effluent is around 25°C, so the water temperature is decreasing due to the flow from upstream.

In the Sunagawabori moat, the average EC at Touei bridge (S2) is 851μS/cm square meter. In December, the EC was as high as 1320 μS/cm square meter, but in February it was 484 μS/cm square meter. In October, the EC rose again to 1074μS/cm. The pH averaged 8.3 at the Higashi Shibanaka bridge (K1) on the Karabori River, and was 8.2 in November 2021. The average value of ph at the downstream water Zyousui bridge (K2) was 9.1. ph in October was 9.0.

The average ph at the Kurome River soft drink factory effluent discharge (KR2) was 8.3; in December the ph was 8.6 and in November 8.2.

The water temperature collected at Higashi Shibanaka Bridge (K1) was 30.3°C in June and as high as 21.0°C in November. There is a discharge outlet beside the Higashi Shibanaka Bridge, which is effluent from a dairy production plant in the city.

5 Conclusion

In the upper reaches of the Mutsuya River, EC is affected by the water quality of the final disposal site for general waste, while in the middle reaches of the Karabori River, EC and pH are loaded higher by the dairy factory effluent. In the middle reaches of the Kurome River, EC and COD are also high due to effluent from a soft drink factory.

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Examination of the surveyed maps and cartography of Japan by Tadataka Inoh

Ⅰ Introduction

It is important for islands to understand and conserve the current state of water resources centered on drinking water, and to understand how substances circulate and flow out to the surrounding sea area in the water cycle centered on rivers. It is also necessary for the marine environment and marine resources to do. Comprehensive research using the theory of hydrological science, which clarifies the material cycle that accompanies the water cycle, and the method of "hydrological geography," which elucidates the effects of humans based on "natural magazines," is an island. It is effective for water environment research in Japan, and has been conducting continuous research on various islands. Although Sado Island has the second largest area in Japan after the main island of Okinawa, it has not necessarily been sufficiently researched on the water environment, and field surveys were conducted three times in 2019 and once in 2021. Therefore, based on the results, we grasped the current situation and considered the effective and continuous utilization in the future from the viewpoint of hydrology.

Ⅱ Research method

First, after organizing various information related to the water environment regarding Sado Island and creating a "hydrological magazine", February, June, September, and 2021 of 2019 at about 80 to 100 points of various rivers on Sado Island. In November, we conducted on-site hydrological observations and analyzed the spatial distribution of water quality. The on-site observation items are temperature, water temperature, electrical conductivity (hereinafter referred to as EC), pH, RpH, and flow rate. After sampling, the total dissolved carbon content by the TOC analyzer and the main dissolved components by the ion chromatograph are used. Analysis etc. was performed.

Ⅲ Results and consideration

(1) Use of water The water supply penetration rate of Sado City is about 99%, and water can be used in almost the entire area. The issues such as water supply and earthquake resistance have become issues. The sewage treatment population penetration rate is 64.8%, the sewage treatment population penetration rate including septic tanks and agricultural settlement wastewater is 79.1%, the national average is 79.7% and 91.7%, and the prefecture average is 76.4% and 88.3%, respectively. The sewerage connection rate was 64.2%, which is far below the prefecture's average of 88.9%, and it is thought that this has an impact on the water quality environment in the region. Since agricultural water relied on small and medium-sized rivers and small reservoirs, the Ogura Dam and Toyama Dam were constructed by the state-owned irrigation and drainage project to prevent floods. (2) Hydrological observation results EC was mostly 100-200 μS / cm throughout the period, and reached about 94% of all points in November 2021, when the variation was particularly small. On the other hand, points exceeding 250 μS / cm were distributed in the northeastern / western and southwestern coasts and in the central urban area. It is thought that the influence of sea salt in the coastal area and the low penetration rate of wastewater treatment facilities in the urban area have an influence. There are also differences in water quality, which are thought to be differences in geology and land use, so detailed examination is required.

Ⅳ

By conducting a field survey in November 2021 in addition to the three times in 2019, we were able to grasp the water quality of another season, but unfortunately we were hit by bad weather, and light rain and hail occurred throughout the period. Due to the rainy weather, we should investigate the stable period, but on the contrary, it became a record of the rough season.

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Despite the many measures, the current situation in the medical care of remote areas has not improved significantly. The standards and measures are unclear and unsuitable. In this study, we redefine the no-doctor areas quantitatively and classify the areas with low accessibility to medical care. We also define other types of no-doctor areas, considering the consultation time. As a result, we find differences in the tendency of patients to visit a doctor, in the sufficiency of medical resources, and in the scale of the inter-district network. We show that these differences are responsible for differences in the regional characteristics.

This study aims to clarify the current state of neutralization of Lake Inawashiro. In Lake Inawashiro and the beaches, pH rose due to human or natural effects, especially in the western part of the lake, due to domestic wastewater and the death of the lakeshore vegetation "reed". Two diatom preparations were made at the top and bottom, and the diatom appeared at the top and bottom. We would like to improve the quality of diatom analysis and continue to survey Lake Inawashiro and its catchment areas while paying more attention to the flow rate measurement.

Four runs of experimental landform development with the same uplift rate showed complicated effects of different rainfall intensity on the same material of different permeability. Landforms developed with less rainfall and lower permeability appeared similar to those with more rainfall and higher permeability, and landforms with more rainfall and lower permeability looked like those with less rainfall and higher permeability. Similar landforms can emerge from different environmental and lithologic controls. We have to carefully analyze all the factors involved when we try to explain the change in landform development in relation to the change in external conditions.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the transformation of the transportation system in relation to changes in transportation administration and the responses of local residents, local communities, and transportation operators, focusing on coastal areas with declining populations. It is thought that local residents, local communities, and transport operators have been forced to respond flexibly to transport administration without having sufficient awareness or views. In the process of clarifying this situation, it is first necessary to clarify the changes and characteristics of the transportation system in the region.