We clarify how a flood prevention system that compromised with flood risk was formed in the postwar period, when rivers shifted from being a place of livelihood to being an object of view. Our case study is conducted at the settlements in the riverside land (outside of levee), where the river landscape has been valued since modern times and land use has changed, and we use several oral histories from the parliamentary minutes, local history or flood history books, local newspapers, and interviews.

In recent years, urban problems such as heat islands, flooding, and overpopulation have intensified due to urbanization. Remote sensing has gained attention for efficiently acquiring large-scale, long-term data. Google Earth Engine (GEE), a cloud-based platform, enables fast analysis without downloading images. In 2023, GEE released the Xee library to enhance integration with xarray, improving time-series analysis. This study evaluates the utility of Xee by analyzing 10 years (2016–2025) of water level changes in Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, China, using Sentinel-1 data and Python libraries geemap and Xee.

The city of Chichibu in Saitama Prefecture is home to the Chichibu Trilogy: “ANOHANA” (2011 TV release), “Kokosake” (2015 movie), and “Sora-Ao (2019 movie), which have been used to develop anime tourism. As a member of the Chichibu Anime Tourism Executive Committee, the author has been surveying and accumulating information on visitors since 2011, including (1) personal attributes, (2) place of departure, and (3) visit history. Based on this, this report will shed light on how effective anime tourism is and how long it will continue to be accepted from a long-term perspective.

This study examines the impact of surrounding population distribution on the siting of nuclear power plants in Japan by comparing regions where plants were built and those where plans were cancelled. Using 2000–2020 census data, we analyzed cumulative and ring-based population within 3–100 km of each site. Logistic regression revealed that higher populations beyond 30 km—especially within 80 km—significantly decreased the likelihood of plant construction. These findings suggest that wider-area population factors influence location decisions and highlight the need to reconsider nuclear disaster planning beyond the conventional 30 km Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ).

This report aims to understand the contributions made by the study of “disaster geography” in disaster research from the perspectives of the Earth and local communities. Specifically, it uses the Great East Japan Earthquake as a case study. The results can be summarized in the following three points.

1) In terms of damage assessment, research primarily focuses on engineering fields such as architecture and civil engineering, earth sciences that study changes in land and oceans, and medical fields related to health and insurance. In emergency response, disciplines that study human relationships are involved in the formation and deployment of evacuation shelters, the distribution of relief supplies, and other areas.

2) In the affected areas, differences in responses were observed depending on the local economy. Here, research focused on fields such as fisheries economics, economic geography, and urban planning. Among these, the recovery of fishing industries less affected by tsunamis was the fastest.

3) Regional culture is often overlooked compared to the economy, but it plays a role in connecting people and is also related to residents' attitudes toward life.In the study area, the revival of performing arts in disaster-affected regions was delayed, but in adjacent regions with less damage, cultural activities progressed quickly after the disaster.

As described above, the Great East Japan Earthquake and its aftermath can be summarized from the perspective of disaster geography. Additionally, by comparing it with the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake from a global perspective, we can understand the characteristics of this disaster and the approach to regional revitalization.

This study uses the “hatescapes” concept to examine relations between victims’ feelings of exclusion and subtle attacks experienced in their daily life and spaces, and particularly xenophobic rhetoric in street speeches delivered during the July 2025 Upper House election. This study specifically examined the micro-spaces in front of the station in Kawaguchi and in Warabi City, Saitama. Exclusion-inducing rhetoric has targeted not only Kurds, but also wealthy Chinese citizens who purchased tower mansions. Particularly, Kurdish women and children endured painful experiences while passing quickly through station areas: hatescapes that remained etched in their memories.

Among past human activities, some involved surface alterations (topographical changes), resulting in the creation of unique artificial landforms and structures, or the occurrence of accelerated topographical changes induced by human actions. Compared to vegetation landscapes such as secondary vegetation, the awareness of such topographical traces from human activities seems to be lower. However, recognizing and documenting these topographic phenomena is important for assessing the role of past human activities in environmental changes and the establishment of landscapes in hilly areas. In this presentation, the authors will report on fine topographies recorded thus far as traces of human activity in the hilly regions around Sendai. Specifically, they will discuss the characteristics of artificial landforms related to the charcoal kiln ruins seen in the Omatsuzawa hills north of Sendai, as well as the surface deposits containing a large quantity of sub-bituminous coal fragments related to the sub-bituminous coal mining site in Aobayama, and explore the characteristics of past human activities and environmental changes (degradation) inferred from these features.

This study examines post-disaster support in Utsunomiya City following Typhoon Hagibis (2019), focusing on collaboration among government, social welfare councils, and diverse civil society organizations (CSOs). It highlights the role of CSOs in establishing localized support hubs and conducting volunteer activities. Spatial analysis using damaged housing data proved useful for situational awareness, though ethical approval methods require refinement. The findings offer insights into effective multi-sectoral disaster response and the potential of geospatial data in resilience planning.

This study analyzes the changes in succession structures and management strategies in Zao Pension Village, Kaminoyama City, Yamagata Prefecture. Despite its marginal location, the village depends heavily on Zao tourism, with each owner attracting guests using their own skills. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, generational turnover has increased, with more foreign owners. While some still operate in an integrated work-life style, others have shifted to a separate work-life style or a residential-only style. As diversification advances, concerns are growing about the village’s continued coherence and survival as a unified hospitality area.

To grasp the general topographic form, a summit level map was devised. The summit level map is a hypothetical surface that connects mountain peaks and is considered to represent the original landform. In this study, unlike conventional methods, the summit level map was created by extracting mountain peaks.

This study aims to clarify the distribution of lacustrine deposits and reconstruct the lake formation processes in the Miyakonojo Basin by analyzing the geological data. The clay and mud layers were distributed in the central part of the basin, which coincided with the area where the Ito pyroclastic flow deposits were thickly welded and deeply subsided. The lake is derived from the depressions created by the consolidation and subsidence of the Ito ignimbrite. It was filled by sediment from the rivers and disappeared in a short period after the deposition of the Ito pyroclastic flow.

This study examines school reorganization in Omachi City, Nagano Prefecture, analyzing the multifaceted relationship between schools and communities. While inevitable due to declining birthrates, the reorganization's impact varied significantly across districts. The process involved separate elementary and junior high school restructurings, with limited collaboration between administrators and educators. Although the reorganization successfully resolved spatial discrepancies between administrative and community boundaries, it introduced new challenges regarding the relationship between the new schools and their surrounding communities. The smooth progression, largely due to lessons learned from prior junior high school reforms and the separation of former county areas, still presents issues concerning community ties and the disproportionate burden on some areas.

This study evaluates the sustainability of beef cattle farming in Tokachi, Hokkaido, focusing on market adaptation and environmental impact reduction. Interviews with three farms practicing dairy-beef integrated, crop-livestock integrated, and culled Wagyu cow fattening systems revealed feed procurement strategies such as expanding dent corn acreage and using eco-feed, as well as producing high-yield Wagyu calves and receiving entrusted cattle to stabilize income. Manure management included returning to own fields, straw-compost exchange, and free provision to dealers. Nitrogen from manure exceeded crop fertilization needs by 2.1–3.6 times, highlighting the challenge of nutrient balance within farm management.

The nature reserve system in Japan includes nature parks, wildlife protection areas, and nature conservation areas. Some of these areas are visited by large numbers of visitors for recreation and tourism purposes. In some of these areas, the amount of excrement often exceeds the capacity of the nature reserve to handle it. In this presentation, we will introduce some examples and discuss the problems of excrement management in nature reserves.

Operating AI requires a critical perspective and thinking skills. In this study, we attempted to create teaching materials by having students find mistakes in texts and images generated by AI. This confirmed the immaturity of AI's image reading comprehension and generation capabilities in the field of earth science. However, the task of finding mistakes and correcting generated images can be introduced into classes as material that not only promotes learning about physical geography and disaster prevention, but also helps to develop the ability to operate AI. Furthermore, these results are believed to serve as a benchmark for the current capabilities of AI in education in the fields of geography, disaster prevention, and power and energy, now in its third year since its popularization.