CHEMOTHERAPY
Online ISSN : 1884-5894
Print ISSN : 0009-3165
ISSN-L : 0009-3165
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Volume 26, Issue 4
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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  • EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON SYNBIOSIS OF E. COLI AND BACTEROIDES IN THE GRANULOMA POUCH
    NOBUATSU MURAYAMA
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 449-453
    Published: July 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.26.449
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    It was the aim of this experiment to confirm the role of co-existence of Bacteroides fragilis and E. coli in the postoperative wound infections which has been obtained from our clinical studies on colon surgery.
    Seven days old granuloma pouches on the back of Wistar-rats were proved to be suitable as the experimental models of local infections. The pouches showed stabilized characteristics in chemical, physical and histological studies.
    E. coli of 107, 108 and 109 was inoculated in the pouches with or without Bacteroides fragilis of 109. Twenty-four hours after inoculation, bacterial counts of E. coli revealed that E. coli survived and increased in counts when it was with Bacteroides fragilis. It also revealed that maximal counts of E. coli were obtained when the inoculated counts of E. coli were one-hundredth of Bacteroides counts. which suggested the optimal ratio of both bacteria in their symbiosis in postoperative wound infection.
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  • MICROORGANISM DETECTED IN URINARY TRACT OF THE PATIENTS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY AND THE ALTERATION OF THEIR POPULATION BY CHEMOTHERAPY-In Relation to Nosocomial Infection-
    TAKEHIRO TSUJIMOTO, HIROSHI YAMA, KUNIO NAKAARAI
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 454-458
    Published: July 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.26.454
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The alteration of population of infected organism cultivated from urine specimens in spinal cord injury patients was observed in relation to chemotherapy in each month from 1974 to 1975. Studies on nosocomial infection were also carried out using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a target orgainsm. The following results were obtained.
    Genus Proteus was detected most frequently, especialy Pr. rettgeri from 30 to 63% (average 50%) and secondary Ps. aeruginosa from 22 to 63% (average 44%). Both organisms were gradually reduced by vesical retention and washing due to polymyxin B solution, and other Proteus group and others increased subsequently.Serratia marcescens and Pr. morganii newly appeared and gradually increased in its populations. It is again recognized that chemotherapy replaced organisms to others.
    Serological typing.Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that type F was observed 68% in urine specimens from spinal cord injury patients who were admitted in the ward. In contrast, various types of Ps. aeruginosa were detected under 20% from the patients admitted in other wards. Our study indicated that nosocomial infection did not spread from the ward of spinal cord injury patients to other wards, but frequently occurred between the spinal cord injury patients within the ward.
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  • STUDIES ON THE PASSAGE OF ANTIBIOTICS INTO THE LYMPH. I
    Studies on the Passage of T-1220 (Piperacillin) into the Thoracic Duct and Renal Hilar Lymph in Dog
    MASATSUNE HASEGAWA, SHIZUTO KANDA, TAKASHI YASUDA, HIDEO TAKI, YASUO W ...
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 459-463
    Published: July 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.26.459
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    The passage of T-1220 into the thoracic duct and renal hilar lymph in the, dog was, studied in comparison with other antibiotics, carbenicillin (CBPC) and gentamicin (GM), and the following results were obtained.
    1. The passage rate of T-1220 to the thoracic duct lymph was superior to those of CBPC and GM. The maximum thoracic lymph levels of T-1220 and CBPC were obtained 'at 3Q minutes after dosing, while that of GM was obtained at 60-420 minutes.
    2. The passage rates of antibiotics used to the renal hilar lymph were higher in order as follows; CBPC>T-1220>GM. The maximum renal hilar lymph levels of T-1220 and GM were obtained at 30 minutes after dosing, while that of CBPC was obtained at 60 minutes. The levels of T-1220 and CBPC decreased at approximately the same rate in both lymph and serum.
    3. The thoracic duct and renal hilar lymph levels of T-1220. CBPC and GM did not exceed those of serum.
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  • LABORATORY AND CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF T-1220 (PIPERACILLIN) IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE AND KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
    HIDEHIKO KASHIWABARA, TADASHI HACHISU, HIDEO SHISHIDO, TAKEO YOKOYAMA, ...
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 464-468
    Published: July 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.26.464
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    For studying the excretion of a new antibiotic, T-1220, blood levels were measured in the patients under hemodialysis. The maximal level was 101 μg/ml in the group of 1 g admission and 196 μg/ml in 2g admission. The half life of T-1220 was 2. 48 hours in 1 g admission, and 2. 14 hours in 2 g. This time is so short compared with other antibiotics that T-1220 may be excreted mainly in the bile and safe to administer to the patients with chronic renal failure.
    T-1220 was used clinically for the infections of 6 patients with chronic renal failure and kidney transplantation. It was effective in the 5 patients who had the organisms such as E. coli and Pseudomonas. As the side effect of T-1220, leukopenia was recognized in the 4 kidney transplanted patients.
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  • STUDIES ON ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF 5-FU (1)
    The Distribution of 5-FU in the Gastrointestinal Tracts under Various Conditions of Administration
    AKINOBU INOUE, AKIRA KONDO, MAKOTO ISOYA, MASAO TANAKA
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 469-473
    Published: July 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.26.469
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The distribution of 5-FU in the gastrointestinal tracts was studied under various conditions of administration in rats.
    1) Concerning absorption site of 5-FU in syrup form, it is said the intestinal wall is main route of absorption. By this experiment, it is elucidated that 5-FU is also considerably absorbed through the gastric wall. 2) Adsorption of 5-FU on the gastric wall was strong, and 5-FU remained long in the gastric wall.
    3) When 5-FU was administered orally, 5-FU in the gastric wall was higher in concentration and remained longer than in case of intravenous administration.
    4) The concentration of 5-FU in the gastric wall was much affected by various conditions of administration. When 5-FU was given at the same dose, the higher the concentration of the drug was, the higher the concentration of 5-FU in the gastric wall was and the longer 5-FU remained.
    The concentration of the drug administered influenced more intensively on the concentration of 5-FU in the gastric wall than the fasting did.
    5) As the result of delay in 5-FU transfer into plasma by atropine, adsorption of 5-FU on the gastric wall became much stronger and it remained much longer. While, delay in 5-FU transfer into plasma by histamine did not affect on adsorption of 5-FU on the gastric wall.
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  • STUDIES ON INTRATISSULAR CONCENTRATION OF ANTIBIOTICS IN ORAL SURGERY
    MASATOSHI NAKAMURA, KENZO TAMAI
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 474-479
    Published: July 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.26.474
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The gingival tissues concentration of cephaloridine in oral surgical field have been analysed with 120 cases, and the following results were obtained.
    CER was injected intramuscularly to man to investigate the concentration of its serum and gingival tissue. Maximum serum and gingival tissue levels were attained from 30 to 60 minutes after administration.
    CER concentration in normal tissues was generally somewhat higher than scar tissues.
    There was no difference on the CER concentration among the methods of anesthesia.
    The sexual difference of CER concentration was not shown.
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  • CLINICAL EXPERIENCES ON COMBIPENIX AGAINST COMPLICATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
    NOBUHIKO HIROMOTO, HIROSHI NAKANO, HIROMI NIHIRA, KOICHI MORI, MASARU ...
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 480-485
    Published: July 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.26.480
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Combipenix which contains 125 mg (potency) of ABPC and 62. 5 mg (potency) of MDIPC per capsule was administered orally in a dose of 3 capsules q. i. d. for 2 weeks to complicated urinary tract infections, and clinical and fundamental studies on this drug were made with the results summarized as follows :
    1. Excellent clinical results were obtained in 7 cases out of 30 (23 3%).
    2. Combipenix, confirmed by MICs, has shown its synergistic effect against 5, namely 2 strains of E. coli and 3 of Pseudomonas, out of 24 strains of gram-negative bacteria.
    3. In the case of patients with impaired renal function, urinary excretion of MDIPC was observed to be low.
    4. In vitro experiments using residual urine from the patients with urinary tract infections showed only slight synergistic effect of Combipenix, and the inactivation of ABPC was remarkable.
    5. No side effect due to Combipenix was observed.
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  • A CLINICAL STUDY OF A COMBINATION OF AMPICILLIN AND CLOXACILLIN (VICCILLIN-S) IN THE TREATMENT OF RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION
    SUMIO ARAI, ICHIYO HONDA, KIYO NISHIOKA, TAMOTSU TAKISHIMA
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 486-490
    Published: July 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.26.486
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Viccillin-S was applied to 15 patients with respiratory tract infection. The drug was administrated intravenously for 4 to 24 days at a daily dose of 1 to 4g.
    The results obtained were excellent in 4 cases with H. influenzae, 2 cases with S. aureus and 1 case with S. pneumoniae. Good results were obtained in 3 cases with H. influenzae, 1 case with Enterobacter cloacae, and 1 case in which causative organisms were not determined. However, the results were poor in 1 case with Serratia, 1 case with nonhemolytic streptococci, and 1 case for which etiology was unknown.
    No side effects were found in clinical and laboratory observations at all.
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  • CHARACTERIZATION OF AN AMPICILLIN-RESISTANT STRAIN OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE ISOLATED IN JAPAN
    KIMIKO UBUKATA, HIROKO TAKAHASHI, MASATOSHI KONNO
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 491-498
    Published: July 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.26.491
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    An ampicillin-resistant strain TK 156 of Haemophilus influenzae, isolated from pharynx of a patient with acute respiratory infection at Teikyo University Medical School Hospital in 1977, was examined for the 8-lactamase production, plasmid DNA and the transferability of drug resistance, and attempted some discussion on these subjects.
    1. The strain TK 156 produces TEM type j9-lactamase of the group of Type III penicillinase.
    2. Ampicillin resistance of the strain TK 156 was eliminated for 63.9% of the total cells when treated with 25 mg/ml acridine orange for 1 week.
    3. TK 156 and TK 156 E (ampicillin-susceptible variant of TK 156) strains were examined for the presence or absence of plasmid DNA. The strain TK 156 contained 30.6×106 dalton plasmid DNA, but TK 156 E did not contain satellite DNA. From this finding, it was strongly suggested that the ampicillin-resistant gene of TK 156 strain was located on plasmid.
    4. In the transfer experiment of drug resistance by conjugation with TK 156 strain as a donor and ampicillin-sensitive strains of H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as recipients, resistance transfer failed to take place.
    5. The aforesaid characteristics of ampicillin resistance of the strain TK 156 were compared with those of ampicillin resistance of H. influenzae reported in Western countries.
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  • THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PENICILLINS IN THE TREATMENT OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE INFECTION. PART 1
    Treatment with Penicillins in a Case of Pulmonary Cyst Complicated by Empyema Thoracis due to Haemophilus influenzae
    KHOTA SAITO, YOSHIO YANASE, KIMIKO UBUKATA, MASATOSHI KONNO
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 499-507
    Published: July 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.26.499
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A 14-month old boy with pulmonary cyst complicated by empyema thoracis due to H. influenzae was treated. In spite of administration of mezlocillin to which the causative organisms seemed sensitive, the course was prolonged and relapsed.
    Then, examinations were made to investigate the effects of penicillins through the observations of growth curves and morphological changes of the organisms after treated with various antibiotics.
    The characteristic finding was filament formation in response to mezlocillin and apalcillin (PC-904) in wide range of drug concentration around MIC, which had been recently developed and more effective than ampicillin in terms of MIC.
    The bactericidal effects of these penicillins, moreover, were weaker than that of ampicillin. The above phenomenon in vitro seemed to cause a prolongation of the course and relapse.
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  • THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PENICILLINS IN THE TREATMENT OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE INFECTION. PART 2
    Fundamental Studies on the Antibacterial Actions of Various Antibiotics against Haemophilus infiuenzae Isolated from Clinical Specimens
    YOSHIO YANASE, YOKO TAKAHASHI, KIMIKO UBUKATA, MASATOSHI KONNO
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 508-516
    Published: July 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.26.508
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The sensitivity to various antibiotics of 76 strains of H. infiuenzae, isolated from clinical specimens in the Hospital of Teikyo University, was examined by the twofold agar-dilution method.
    Furthermore, bactericidal effects of various antibiotics against TK 167 type b strain, isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of a child with meningitis, were studied.
    1) Seven penicillins, cefatrizine, chloramphenicol, kanamycin and gentamicin were tested for sensitivity against 76 strains of H. infiuenzae.
    2) One ampicillin-resistant strain and one chloramphenicol-resistant strain were found out of the 76 tested strains.
    3) New semi-synthetic penicillins, such as piperacillin, mezlocillin and apalcillin (PC-904) were two-to four-fold superior in MICs against H. infiuenzae to ampicillin. But, bactericidal effects of these new penicillins were weaker than that of ampicillin.
    4) Chloramphenicol and kanamycin exhibited stronger bactericidal action against TK 167 strain than that of penicillins.
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  • TOXICITY STUDY ON VICCILLIN S (AN AMPICILLIN-CLOXACILLIN COMBINATION)
    Subacute Toxicity of Viccillin S in Female Beagle Dogs
    P.N. WHITEHEAD, R. HEYWOOD, A.E. STREET, D.E. PRENTICE, T. KOEDA
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 517-527
    Published: July 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.26.517
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Viccillin S, an antibiotic mixture consisting of equal amounts of sodium ampicillin and sodium cloxacillin, was administered intravenously to female Beagle dogs for 30 days at the dosage levels of 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day.
    (1) Dogs receiving 200 or 400 mg/kg/day showed slight clinical signs, namely, vomiting, vasodilation and increase in heart rate, but these signs were probably related to the drug concentration or infusion speed.
    Slight relaxation of the nictitating membrane was seen at all dosage levels.
    (2) Histopathological findings and biochemical examinations of blood and urine indicated that there were no definite abnormal effects caused by the drug administration in all groups.
    (3) It is concluded that the maximum nontoxic dose is 200 mg/kg/day when Viccillin S is injected intravenously to Beagle dogs for 30 days.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 528-601
    Published: July 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.26.528
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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