In ovariectomized rats, daily injections of 0.125mg estrone together with 2.0mg progesterone for 5 consecutive days resulted in a quite different sequence of responses between the uterus and the vagina, i. e., changes in vaginal index depicted a bimodal curve (estrus-anestrus-estrus), while those in the weight of the uterus, a unimodal curve. The maximum of the uterine weight occurred simultaneously with the smallest vaginal index on the day following the last injection.
Similar difference in type of response between the uterus and the vagina was also observable when ovariectomized rats were given 2.0mg daily of 17α-ethinyl-19-nortestosterone for 5 successive days. It appears highly probable thatthis result is ascribable to antagonism between the estrogenic and progestational activities of this steroid.
These findings seem to suggest that estrogenic and progestational activities antagonize to each other at the level of the target organs.

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Six healthy students as subjects, saline, hydroxyzine (500μg/kg body weight), mepazine (the same), and acetylcholine (400μg/kg) had no effect on the capillary resistance threshold, but atropine (10μg/kg) and pilocarpine (100μg/kg) showed acute rise and fall in the threshold, respectively. When adrenaline (5μg/kg) and noradrenaline (5μg/kg) were combined with hydroxyzine or mepazine, the initial rise was lost with adrenaline, but not with noradrenaline. On the basis of these findings, the primary role of the autonomic nervous system in modifying the capillary resistance was suggested.

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Biological assay of androgen was carried out using the increase of ³²P uptake of the accessory sex organs of the castrated male rat. This method not only showed a better precision than the weight increase response, but also proved to be far more sensitive than the weight method so that it could be carried out by micro dose of androgen.

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1. Relation bctween basal glucose uptake and the so-called insulin effect obtained by the rat-diaphragm method was investigated, and a linear correlation was confirmed within a definite range.
2. Change was produced in the properties of the correlation line by variations in the concentration of glucose or of insulin in the medium, and it was found that correlation lines were dislocated in a radiating form with the center on a definite point on the ordinate in the case of change in glucose concentration, and on the abscissa in the case of change in the insulin concentration. Attempt was made to use the slope of the correlation line as the metameter of log-dose response curve for insulin determination, and the following formulas were found for the regression line: s=0.212, b=+1.345, λ=0.158.
3. Change in glucose uptake ability elicited by change in diet composition or by insulin pretreatment took place along the correlation line, whereas variation due to the procedure of preparation of the diaphragm or to that of the determination of glucose occurs independently of the correlation line.

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The effects of administration of prolactin, progesterone or concurrent pregnancy on the mammary involution occurring in the ligated side and on lactational function in the unligated side were examined in the mouse undergoing the unilateral ligature of nipples.
The administration of 20 I. U. prolactin or 1mg progesterone daily for 6 days could retard the involution in the sense that alveolar integrity is still preserved despite of the relatively small amount of parenchyma, whereas alveolar structure and cell boundaries could hardly be defined in the non-treated control.
Concurrent pregnancy retarded the involution markedly and section showed the essentially similar appearance to that at the latter part of pregnancy or shortly before parturition.
However, the suggestion that the removal of milk may be responsible for maintaining the mammary gland in a full lactational state was made from the results of histological observations and respiratory activity. And further the hormonal balance for mammary growth and lactation was discussed in connection with the removal of milk.
Progesterone alone did not inhibit the respiratory activity. The effect of pregnancy on lactation should be await further investigation in connection with the hormonal levels circulating in pregnant animal, which may vary according to the fetus numbers and its developmental stage in relation to delay of implantation.

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Vaginal smears were studied from spayed mice that received estriol daily for 4 days. Blocker, testosterone propionate, progesterone or desoxycorticosterone acetate was injected on 1 of the 4 days. Testosterone was an effective antagonist when injected early in the test period, days 1 or 2, with lesser effect on day 3 and none on 4. Desoxycorticosterone was inhibitory only when given on days 3 or 4. Progesterone produced highly significant block when administered on days 2 or 3, statistically significant, but less marked block on day 4, and none on day 1. These temporal relationships are remarkably similar to those obtained with estrone-treated mice; differences appear to be quantitative, rather than qualitative. Thus estrone and estriol appear to associate with the same activating site in the mouse vagina, in contrast to the mouse uterus in which a 2nd site need be invoked to explain the actions of estriol.

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Topographical and histological studies on the neurosecretory system were carried out in Tecticeps japonicus, an isopod.
The sinus gland attached closely to the distal part of the optic lobe. Some of the axones comprising the sinus gland originate in the neurosecretory cells in the brain. Independently of the sinus gland, the pseudofrontal organ is present in the antero-ventral portion of the optic lobe. It is lined with a layer of cells and has a central cavity. Two kinds of substances are contained in this organ. A bundle of nerve tracts which rises in the brain is supplied to the pseudofrontal organ, in which are found granules positive to PAS reaction or acidic dye. Four kinds of neurosecretory cell groups are found in the brain (B1-B4) and 3 kinds of such groups are present in the optic lobe (E1-E3). Axones arising from B1, B3 and B4 are a part of the components of the sinus gland. In these cell groups, 4 types of neurosecretory cells are distinguishable according to their morphological characters. Besides these, several neurosecretory cells exist solitarily in the brain and the optic lobe.

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The molecular size and shape of saliva-parotin-A were determined by sedimentation, diffusion and viscosity measurements in buffers of pH's between 3.9 and 10.8.
At every pH value, the frictional ratio and axial ratio calculated from the intrinsic viscosity were in good agreement with those from the sedimentation and diffusion coefficients, if it was assumed that the molecule is a prolate ellipsoid of revolution with 0.6g of water of hydration per gram of protein.
In this case, the molecular weight and dimensions were computed to be 15, 800 and 133 Å×16 Å at pH 3.9, 15, 900 and 129Å×16Å at pH 5.8, 15, 700 and 128 Å×16Å at pH 7.6, and 15, 400 and 132 Å×16Å at pH 10.8, respectively. The association or dissociation of the molecule was not observed.

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Effects of physiological modifications of thyroid function on serum alkaline phosphatase level in the chicken were studied. The administration of daily doses of 24μg and 48μg of L-thyroxine for 4 days into 6-week-old cockerels caused a significant (100-200%) increase in serum alkaline phosphatase level. Feeding of 0.2% thiouracil in diet for 14 days to 7-week-old cockerels significantly decreased (50%) serum alkaline phosphatase level. Serum alkaline phosphatase level seems to be controlled by thyroid function in the chicken.

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1) Salivary glands of male adult rats decreased in weight markedly with the administration of the antithyroid substances such as thiouracil, methylmercaptoimidazole, thiourea and potassium thiocyanate given in drinking water for periods of two weeks. Methylthiouracil and potassium perchlorate had no effect on the weight of the salivary glands. Among three portions of the glands, the submaxillary glands were much more affected than others and this change seemed to be specific as compared with some endocrine organs, as well as liver, kidney and muscle of the levator ani.
2) No significant differences were recognized in the activity of succinoxidase in the homogenate, the oxygen consumption of the submaxillary glands slices, and the uptake of ³²P by the submaxillary glands atrophied by the administration of antithyroid drugs as compared with the non-treated animal control.
3) The tendency of the increase of the water content was observed in the submaxillary glands atrophied by the treatment of the antithyroid drugs.

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A new bioassay method for relaxin was studied. The relaxed distance of symphysis pubis was measured by the X-ray photography and the animals giving 0.3mm relaxed distance or more were considered as respondent. A Guinea Pig X-ray Unit was established by using respondent percentage.
Comparing the palpation method of Abramowitz et al. with statistical analysis using probit, better results were obtained in the precision and sensitivity by the X-ray method.

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