The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the performance level and the degree of HR and subjective tension. Subjects performed a short-piece music chosen according to their skills, and their performance were judged by professors. Main findings were as follows. (1) The peak of HR change was seen 1 minute after the performance, whereas that of subjective tension was seen 1 minute before the performance. (2) There was no relationship between the performance level and correlation coefficient as a index of synchrony. (3) But, as the result of cross correlation shifted so that the peaks of HR change and subjective tension might accord with each other, it was observed that synchronous changes produced high level of musical performace. These findings indicated that simultaneous changes of anxiety responses is not a sufficient condition for high performance in test anxiety situation.

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The purpose of this paper was to review the studies of social skills training with mentally retarded children. First, it was stressed how important it is for mentally retarded children to learn the appropriate social skills in order to be well adjusted to their communities and schools. Then the social skills training techniques were divided into five categories, contingent reinforcement, modeling, peer mediated, combined, emvironmental manipulation methods, and each technique was evaluated in the light of the studies with it. It was concluded that social skills training with mentally retatded children has much room for improvement in assessment of subjects' social skills and selection of target behaviors. And the importance of further studies to take up the skills with high social validity was pointed out and the techniques which promote generalization of the learned social skills were expected.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of H. R changes during the anticipatory period of shock to come whether it considered as a reflex of primary process or secondary process of emotion. According to Epstein's, two process model, if H. R changes were equivalent to the secondary processing, inverted V-shaped curve could be observed as a function of increasing intensity of situational aversiveness. In this study, the intensity of situational aversiveness was defined operationally by varying the probability of shock and availability of instrumental coping with it. As a result, inverted V-shaped curve of H. R level was obtained regardless of whether inferred curve of aversiveness and adoption of cognitive coping were represented by linear or curve linear functions.

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The present experiment examined the effects of repeated experiences on anxiety responses. Electric Shock was used as an aversive stimulus, and 12 subjects were assigned to the two groups, namely, DDD and VVD ones. In DDD group, the subjects directly repeated experiences of receiving electric shock in three times. While in VVD group, the subjects directly experienced electric shock after the two times vicarious experiences observing another one receiving electric shock.The main findings were as follows; (1) The subject in DDD group rated the aversiveness of electric shock lower, and physiological and subject anxiety responses were gradually reduced as the function of repetition of the experiences. (2) While the subject in VVD group highly rated the aversiveness of shock, and the anxiety responses did not decrease so much as in DDD group.

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The progressive relaxation method and autogenic training method are two of the most widely used techniques of reciprocal inhibition mainly of anxiety responses. When these methods are actually used for clinical purposes, it has been a common practice by the counselor to take the reciprocal inhibition procedure for his/her client while making him/her face his/her anxiety-provoking stimulus inside the counseling room. Therefore, it is often difficult for the client to take this inhibition procedure himself/herself on the spot outside the counseling room whenever he/she has a fit of anxiety. The reciprocal inhibition technique adopted in the present study was to make the client touch the tips of his/her thumb and forefinger of his/her hand, which is more skillful than the other, and concentrate his/her attention to the touch. Since this procedure is easy, the client can freely take it by himself/herself, to his/her great advantage, whenever he/she finds himself/herself in a pang of anxiety. In order to strengthen the client's motivation and confidence in getting over his/her difficulty, a series of hypnotic instruction was also given. The technique was applied to twenty clients suffering from emotional disturbance of some kind or another, and the result clearly revealed that it was effective in alleviating the symptoms of their emotional disturbances to some extent or to a considerable degree after an average of five to six sessions of treatment.

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Many researches found out that many of autistic children showed selective stimulus control (i. e. stimulus overselectivity; SO) when they had been trained discrimination task with stimulus complex. In other researches, some of younger normal, mentally retarded and learning disabled children showed SO, too. But there are only a few studies to evaluate whether or not SO is differentially influenced by the two sets of stimulus complex. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the relative effects of two sets of visual stimulus complex on SO; "stimulus with spatially independent elements" (SSIE, e. g. two simple shapes) and "multidimensional stimulus" (MS, e. g. colored shape). Seven autistic, seven MA matched normal children (3 year-old) , nine 4 year-old and nine 6 year-old normal children participated. The children were trained on the simultaneous discrimination task with each of the stimulus sets. And then the subjects were tested on individual elements to determine which element or elements were controlling subject's responses. The results showed that (1) the percentage of overselective subjects did not differ between autistic and MA matched normal children in both stimulus conditions ; but (2) the total percentage of subjects controlled by both elements were significantly more with MS than SSIE; and (3) it was not evident that the percentage of overselective subjects might decrease with MA. The implications -of these data for the notion of stimulus overselectivity and futher research were discussed.

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The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to measure the individual's strength of general self-efficacy across a variety of settings in everyday life. After the selection of items which state the high level of perceived self-efficacy and their factor analysis with subjects of 278 male and female college students, scale development resulted in a 16-item General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Psychometric evaluation by test-retest method, odd-even method, parallel test method, and so forth suggested that the GSES is internally consistent and has well enough high reliability and validity. The comparative study between depressive patients and normal subjects who showed high and moderate level of perceived self-efficacy revealed that the depressive patients yielded significantly low GSES score than the normal subjects. It was suggested that the GSES has considerably high discriminant validity and enough potential for the clinical and research application.

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