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Volume 22 (1996)
- Issue 2 Pages 1-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 22, Issue 2
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Fumiyuki Noro, Shigeo KobayashiArticle type: Article
1996 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 1-8
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo students with autism were trained to make coin combinations corresponding to printed prices with a three digit number. In initial training, a constructed-response matching-to-sample task was used . On each trial, students were presented with a printed price and a choice pool containing 1-yen coins, 10-yen coins, and 100-yen coins, and were required to select coins from the choice pool in response to the presented price. Under these training conditions, however, neither student reached criterion performance. Analysis of error patterns suggested that learners failed to acquire reliable discrimination competence to distinguish between the three kinds of coins conditional upon each digit in the printed prices. Next, the standard matching-to-sample procedure with coin-combinations as samples and printed prices as comparison stimuli was introduced. After this training, students were able to construct coin combinations corresponding to printed prices. Results are discussed in terms of training procedures for students with autism for responding to compound stimuli.View full abstractDownload PDF (802K) -
Hironori Shimada, Yasuko Togasaki, Takahito Okayasu, Iwao SaitoArticle type: Article
1996 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 9-20
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purposes of this study were to develop a Self-rating Scale of Social Skills for Elementary School Children (SSS-E) , and to examine the buffering effects of acquired social skills on psychological school stress in elementary school children. In study I , as a result of factor analysis from the data of 1,379 children from the 4th to 6th grades, 3 main factors were identified : prosocial skills, withdrawal behavior and aggressive behavior, which were extracted from initial set of 20 items. In study II, 1,283 children completed the School Stressor Scale for Elementary School Children (Shimada et al., 1992a) , the Stress Response Scale for Elementary School Children (Shimada et al., 1992) and SSSE. A two factors ANOVA, with acquired social skills and school stressor as independent variables, and stress responses as a dependent variable, suggested that acquired social skills have buffering effects on psychological school stress in elementary school children. This result was extracted from combinations of main effects and interactions of ANOVA . Finally, the importance of acquired prosocial skills in elementary school life and the usefulness of social skills training for school stress management for coping with stress were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1066K) -
Kayoko Takazawa, Yoshiko Tamura, Akihiko Kizu, Itaru Fukui, Takashige ...Article type: Article
1996 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 21-42
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA bibliographic analysis of Japanese cognitive therapies from 1977 through 1993 was studied. The scope of the search covered cognitive therapy, cognitive behavior therapy and social skills training. The survey located a total of 354 studies over 17 years. After slow growth in the early period, reports of cognitive therapeutic studies increased markedly between 40 to 70 annually in the last 5 years. About 75% were clinical studies and the rest were introductory, methodological and experimental studies. The order of frequency was schizophrenia, methodology & introduction, pedagogy, anxiety & neurosis, eating disorders, depression. As psychosomatic medicine was reported in various fields, this item placed first with 20% of the total if counted together. Seventeen journals cited more than 5 articles. The majority of oral and poster presentations were concentrated in two annual meetings of the Japanese Association of Behavior Therapy and the Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine. Some characteristics are that (1) SST grew up in the latter period, (2) cognitive behavior therapy is widely used in eating disorders in Japan, (3) among 32 books published, 27 are translations, 4) cognitive counselling, a new school derived from field of computer education appeared recently in Japan. One interesting report discussed the relationship between cognitive therapy and Zen, an early form of Japanese religion. This survey suggests that cognitive related therapies are expected to expund.View full abstractDownload PDF (1932K) -
Koichi TsudaArticle type: Article
1996 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 43-56
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this case study, for training to achieve a self-reliant life, the acquisition of social skills through a package technique of verbal instruction, guidance such as by prompting, modeling, and self-reinforcement by audio-visual analysis was applied to a moderately retarded adult. Locking-up skills and cooking skills were designated as target behaviors. A multiple baseline design across behaviors was used as the experimental desigin. Training was divided into three phases : customarization ; shaping ; establishment and spontaneousness, and post checks and generalization tests were conducted. Gradual shaping was attempted by repeatedly conducting behavioral assessments of a client in a situation setting simulating casual life. It was found that, of actions that had never happened in the baseline period, locking-up skills showed a 100 percent occurence rate. Cooking behavior skills also achieved the target criteria. This effect was retained in post check and generalization tests conducted 3-9 months later.View full abstractDownload PDF (1226K)
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