Japanese Journal of Behavior Therapy

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages App1-
Published: May 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.37.2_App1

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Development of a Virtual Reality Exposure System Using 360°Panoramic Movies(Brief Note)

Hideichi MIYANO

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 57-63
Published: May 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.37.2_57

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Virtual reality (VR) technology is increasingly being used in psychotherapy. Many studies have shown that virtual reality exposure is effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders including specific phobias (e.g., acrophobia, fear of flying, and driving phobia). Although virtual reality exposure is regarded as a promising approach, it has disadvantages. Conventional virtual reality exposure using three-dimensional computer graphics can be too difficult and expensive to be conducted by most psychotherapists. In an attempt to solve this problem, we developed an easy and inexpensive method of creating a virtual environment using 360° panoramic movies. This technique involves displaying video-recorded panoramic movies on a head-mounted-display equipped with a position-tracking device that enables the user to look around the virtual environment. As an initial step in evaluating virtual reality exposure using 360° panoramic movies, an analog study for fear of heights was conducted. The participant was a 24-year-old female student who reported fear and avoidance of heights. After 8 virtual reality exposure sessions, her self-reported score on fear of virtual suspension footbridges had decreased. This study suggests that virtual reality exposure using 360° panoramic movies may be effective in activating and attenuating subjective fear of heights.

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A Behavioral Account of Human Language and Cognition from the Point of View of Relational Frame Theory : A Review of Research on the Transformation of Stimulus Functions(Review)

Naoko KISHITA, Tomu OHTSUKI, Yuri IGARASHI, Ayako KUBO, Minoru TAKAHAS ...

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 65-75
Published: May 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.37.2_65

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The purpose of the present article was to outline directions for future behavioral research on human language and cognition in relation to understanding and treating psychopathological symptoms. According to Relational Frame Theory, which provides a behavioral account of human language and cognition, derived stimulus relations and transformation of stimulus functions have the central role in explaining higher mental activities in people. The present paper first categorizes previous research on transformation of stimulus function on the basis of the objectives of each study. The published literature was then divided into 3 categories: studies on acquiring relational framing, on transformation of stimulus functions, and on contextual control over the transformation of stimulus functions. The empirical literature is reviewed briefly. Next, clinical implications of the literature on transformation of stimulus functions are described, and limitations of previous research are explained. Finally, some challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for behavioral research on human language and cognition in terms of understanding and treating psychopathological symptoms are suggested.

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Measuring the Effectiveness of the Recollection Method for Senior Citizens With Dementia : Behavior Observation Scale(Practical Researches)

Rieko TSUDA

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 77-90
Published: May 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.37.2_77

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There is no evaluation standard for the change in behavior and speech patterns of people who are using the recollection method. The objective of the present study is to report changes in behavior and speech patterns of participants who were using the recollection method. A closed group of 4 senior citizens (average age, 82.8 years old, standard deviation, ア 9.7 years) in a special nursing home were observed for 5 sessions in which they used the recollection method as a group. Their behavior and speech were evaluated with a specially prepared behavior observation scale. The results indicated that it was possible to observe changes in the behavior and speech patterns of the participants' in the recollection method class. The participants' scores increased in every session, and there was a tendency for the number of remarks to increase. Moreover, for senior citizens with dementia, applying stimulating factors to memories of the past may lead to their applying those factors to episodic memories and procedural memories. The present results verify the change in independent behavior resulting from recollection of past memories.

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Social Skills Training for Student With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Effects of Training and Social Validity(Practical Researches)

Tomoyuki WAKAZAWA, Norihisa TAMURA, Takako NAGATANI, Eri MAKINO, Mari ...

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 91-103
Published: May 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.37.2_91

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In the present study, 2 students with autism spectrum disorder were given social skills training. The behavioral assessment set the context of the problem behavior in the training center, which also was where the training was conducted. One participant (Cl; fifth grade boy) showed a high frequency of problem behavior in social situations (e.g., interfering with other children's play). The other participant (C2; seventh grade boy) , had only brief social interactions in conversations (e.g., talk was one-sided). The target behavior was identified for each child based on the results of the behavioral assessment. Cl was trained to confirm rules, and C2, in the skill of supportive responses. After the social skills training Cl's problem behavior decreased, and C2's social interactions improved. The discussion considered an evaluation of social validity in relation to the effectiveness of the training and practical challenges for the future.

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Catheterization Training for a Child with Spina Bifida and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified : A Case Study Based on Task Analysis(Practical Researches)

Hisashi ITO, Shinji TANI

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 105-115
Published: May 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.37.2_105

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The present article is a case report in which a boy with spina bifida and pervasive developmental disorder-ot otherwise specified who had found it difficult to learn the catheterization skill was given catheterization skill training. After a task analysis was conducted, the following procedures were implemented: presentation of task analysis, feedback on the duration of performing, and, when catheterization skill training was implemented, introducing high value reinforcers. After catheterization skill training was implemented by the boy's mother following those procedures, the boy acquired the target behaviors, including (a) holding the catheter and inserting the tube of jelly, (b) pulling the catheter out of the tube and holding the catheter, (c) inserting the catheter into the urethra, and (d) inserting the catheter into the bottom of the urethra. Moreover, he performed catheterization with support from the nurses and teachers at his school. Discussion considered establishment of supported catheterization and characteristics of combined disabilities.

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 131-
Published: May 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.37.2_131_2

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