In this paper, the author proposed the idea of "Operant Life" to understand the indivisual behavior in everyday life situation. From the standpoint of "Operant Life" an operant chamber was introduced in the middle of the open-field enclosure of Japanese monkeys in Takaosan zoo in Tokyo. First the experimenter made a careful observation of the troop and learned the social characteristics of the troop and indivisual names of all members. After that experiments were conducted. The operant chamber was equipped with a lever and a panel on the outer wall as response keys. sensory and food reinforcement were used as consequence of key responding. The observer recorded the names who did respond to the lever, and how many responses they made. The results indicate social factors of the troop affect the indivisual operant behavior of Japanese monkeys.

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