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Motohiro SAKAI, Hiroshi OONO
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
161-163
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL
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Robert J. MEYERS
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
165-166
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL
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Motohiro SAKAI, Saori HIRAKAWA, Shunsuke NONAKA, Tsuyoshi OKAZAKI, Kan ...
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
167-178
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) for parents of individuals with hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal). A CRAFT group and a self-help group each consisted of 7 parents. Both groups were requested to complete the following questionnaires: (a) Improvement of the individual with hikikomori or that person's engagement in treatment, (b) the Negative Evaluation for Hikikomori (Negative Evaluation) test, (c) the Self-efficacy of Coping with Problem Behaviors of Individuals with Hikikomori (Self-efficacy) test, (d) the Stress Response Scale-18 (SRS-18), and (e) the Hikikomori Relationship Function Scale (HRFS). These questionnaires were administered before and after the intervention and at a 2-month follow-up, in order to assess effectiveness of the intervention. Of the individuals with hikikomori in the CRAFT group, the parents reported that 42.9% had recovered or were engaged in treatment. The results of the present study indicated that participants in both groups reported enhanced self-efficacy, positive reinforcement on the HRFS, and negative reinforcement on the HRFS. Furthermore, the parents' psychological maladjustment, "depressive-anxious" and "irritable-anger" as reported on the SRS-18, were reduced. Based on the results of the present study, the discussion identified future tasks, including controlling factors that may influence the effectiveness of treatment.
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Shunsuke NONAKA, Motohiro SAKAI
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
179-191
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
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The purpose of the present study was to examine efficacy of a Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) intervention with concerned significant others (CSOs) of substance-abusing individuals or individuals who were hikikomori, a Japanese term denoting prolonged social withdrawal. The results of a meta-analysis based on 8 studies of effectiveness with concerned significant others of substance-abusing individuals and 2 studies of effectiveness with concerned significant others of individuals who were hikikomori indicated that 64.9% of the substance-abusing individuals and 30.8% of the individuals who were hikikomori engaged in treatment. Including individuals who participated in society, 61.5% of the individuals who were hikikomori engaged in treatment or participated in society. Furthermore, concerned significant others showed marked psychological and family functioning improvements within a 6-month treatment window, whether they were concerned significant others of the substance-abusing individuals or of the individuals who were hikikomori. The discussion deals with effectiveness of CRAFT with concerned significant others of substance-abusing individuals and individuals who are hikikomori.
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Aya YAMAMOTO
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
193-203
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
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Support programs for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have grown rapidly in recent years, and many initiatives have been designed to provide direct support. However, no intervention programs have been established for individuals with autism spectrum disorder who are reluctant to receive support. The Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) program is regarded as a useful resource for motivating reluctant individuals with autism spectrum disorder to accept support. However, the CRAFT program is not available to people who have autism spectrum disorder and who have also committed acts of serious domestic violence or perpetrated crimes. The present study describes a program that integrates CRAFT, support for individuals with autism spectrum disorder, and crisis intervention, and discusses some additional considerations.
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Seiji YOSHIDA, Tomo KONISHI
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
205-214
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
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The purpose of the present study was to examine effectiveness of the CRAFT program for families of treatment-resistant patients who have a substance use disorder. The program, which was conducted with 12 families, resulted in patients from 10 of the families entering treatment. Although the other 2 did not start treatment, those patients' addictive behavior decreased. In addition, the quality of life of the family members improved in all the families. Based on these results, the discussion considered the effectiveness of the CRAFT program and future issues relating to the use of that program with families of treatment-resistant patients with substance use disorder.
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Kobei KAMBARA, Akiko OGATA
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
215-223
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
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A cognitive distortion model is a typical model in cognitive therapy which interprets depression to be a result of automatic thoughts and schemas. Recent studies have discovered a remarkable drop in cognitive function in patients with major depression. The present study examined effects of cognitive function on automatic thoughts and schema. College students (N=81) completed neuropsychological tests and questionnaires. The analysis of those data suggested that low attention switching function predicted high negative automatic thoughts, indicating that low cognitive function is probably related to high cognitive distortion.
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Mamika YANAGIHARA, Taiki SHIMA, Junichi SAITO, Tomonori KAWAI, Hiroaki ...
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
225-238
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL
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The present study aimed to develop a Three Senses of the Selves Questionnaire (TSSQ) and confirm its reliability and validity. Furthermore, the functions involved in the 3 selves were examined in order to identify more appropriate behavior classes (sets of behaviors with similar functions) than the 3 conventional behavioral processes. A new questionnaire, comprised of 33 items, was completed by college students. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the Three Senses of the Selves Questionnaire had a 4-factor pattern: "acting actively and flexibly in the world," "conceptualized self," "distancing from private events," and "feeling the present moment." Additional structural equation modeling indicated that the 3 selves had 2 valid behavioral classes. Cronbach's α for all the factors was sufficiently high (α=.72-.83), and the questionnaire met the standards for content and convergent validity. Future studies should examine the relations between the 3 selves and other behavioral processes relevant to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and various clinical symptoms, and develop an understanding of how these senses of the 3 selves aggravate or assuage mental pain.
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Takayuki TANJI, Fumiyuki NORO, Yoshiko ARIJI
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
239-250
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL
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The present study examined effects of an instruction method based on the development of reading hiragana Yo-on in 2 elementary school children (1 boy, 1 girl) with reading difficulty. The first child often misread Yo-on combinations as Sei-on combinations, whereas the second child often misread Yo-on combinations as similarly read sounds. Instruction for the first child was aimed at facilitating how to read Yo-on combinations, and, for the second child, at facilitating the isolation of the reading sound in words with Yo-on combinations. The results indicated that the children performed well in reading some Yo-on combinations and printed words with Yo-on combinations. These results suggest that instruction in discriminating between Yo-on combinations and Sei-on combinations was effective for the child who had misread Yo-on combinations as Sei-on combinations, and that isolation of the reading sounds in familiar words was effective for the child who had misread Yo-on combinations as similarly read sounds. Further study is needed to determine whether these types of instruction would be effective for other individuals, and what kind of conditions are necessary to obtain an effect.
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Fumiko FUJIME, Masahiko SUGIYAMA, Yasuyuki YUKUTAKE
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
251-261
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
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The present case study examined effects of an intervention based on functional assessment of social interaction for an intimate partner violence survivor exhibiting social turmoil and irritation. Although the client had obtained support from therapists, previous interventions had induced avoidant or resistant behavior, instead of approach behavior. The present therapist analyzed which stimuli from the therapist appeared to reinforce the client's approach behavior, and decided to nod and show agreement when the client was speaking. After that, the client began to articulate her situation, which enabled the therapist to treat her cognition. Her interaction with people around her became more reinforcing with improvement of her evaluation of social stimuli. Her chronic tension, agitation, and social avoidance behavior also decreased. The present case study suggests that, in treatment of intimate partner violence survivors, it may be important to focus on clients' social avoidance behavior that makes it difficult for therapists to understand their clients' situation, to reinforce clients' approach behavior, and to consider ways to improve clients' behavior.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
263-
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
264-265
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
266-267
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
268-269
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
270-271
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
272-273
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
274-275
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
276-277
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
278-279
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL
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Article type: Appendix
2015 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages
295-
Published: September 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL
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