Japanese Journal of Behavior Therapy

FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON MEASUREMENT AND MODIFICATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTANCES ; RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENTS' CHARACTERS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTANCES

Shoji Yamaguchi, Kotaro Harano

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 87-96
Published: September 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.18.2_87

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The present study was conducted to examine students' characters which were assumed to affect the psychological distances between students and their teachers. Nearly 300 students were asked to evaluate their psychological distances from their teachers and they were also tested by YatabeGuilford personality test. The main results were as follows; the product moment correlations between cooperative subscale and psychological distances and social extroversion subscale and psychological distances were significant in male students, on the other hand, the product moment correlation between general activity subscale and psychological distances were significant in female students.

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THE EFFECTS OF SELF-INSTRUCTION IN THE REDUCTION OF SPEECH ANXIETY

Teru Toyokawa

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 97-107
Published: September 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.18.2_97

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The present study examined the relative effectivness of self-instruction with the coping self-statements which people generally use to inhibit speech anxiety as assessed by cognitive, behavioral and physiological indices. Fourteen undergraduate students were assigned to two groups : the self-instruction group (SI), which received training sessions in which they rehearsed four coping statements, and the non-self-instruction group (NSI), which received no training. The results indicated that SI showed a tendency to be significantly effective over NSI in reducing speech anxiety as assessed by behavioral measures. When the correlation among the three indices was analyzed, higher positive correlation between cognitive and behavioral measures was found. The effects of the coping selfstatements generally used to reduce speech anxiety were discussed. The synchronous-desynchronous relationships among the three responses in speech anxiety were also examined.

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CONVERSATION SKILL TRAINING THROUGH VIDEOTAPE MODELING IN AN AUTISTIC CHILD

Masahiko Inoue, Shigeo Kobayashi

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 108-115
Published: September 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.18.2_108

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In the study, it was discussed the effect of conversation skill training through videotape modeling. The target of this training was to make up conversation with partner (adult) who was playing puzzle [reading/drawing/studying]. An 11-years-old autistic girl was introduced into the training to initiate conversation by means of videotape of a conversation model which two model persons were talking with. Generalization of the conversation-training was evaluated with different things to play, different conversational partners, different settings, different answerings, and different verbal chains. The results indicated that the child had acquired the conversation pattern through modeling, and her conversation skill was generalized on the other settings and had kept maintainance of them over 5 months. It would be suggested that videotape modeling showed a remarkable effect for teaching verbal skills as conversational speech for high-functioned autistic children, although generalization was not clear about different answerings and different verval chains.

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A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS AND AUTONOMIC AROUSAL LEVEL IN AUTISM.

Ayumi Takeshima

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 116-123
Published: September 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.18.2_116

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The purposes of this study were to investigate the level of autonomic arousal in autistic persons and the relationship between their behavioral characteristics and their autonomic arousal level. Heart rate (HR) representing autonomic arousal level was measured for the sixty autistic persons (AU group), the twenty two severe mental retarded persons (MR group), and the thirty four normal persons (NOR group) during rest. The five indices of behavioral characteristics (stereotyped behavior, deficiency of communication, oversensitivity in hearing, hypoactivity, and lack of interpersonal relationship) were extracted by use of factor analysis. Main results were as follows. (1). AU group showed the highest HR level among three groups. (2). There was no difference between MR group and NOR group in the level of HR. (3). There was no difference between moderate mental retarded autistic group and severe mental retarded autistic group in HR level.(4). The level of HR was correlated significantly with stereotyped behavior and deficiency of communication.

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THE EFFECTS OF REPRODUCING SOMATHESIS ON IMAGERY

Terumi Tanaka, Yuji Sasaki

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 124-128
Published: September 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.18.2_124

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This study was to examine the effect of reproducing somathesis on phobic imagery. We set up four groups acoording to Vividness High-Low (mesuerd by QMI) and with-without Reproducing Movement' And we compared subjective rating and physiological activity during imaging (HR). According to the results, after Reproducing Movement, Ss rated their image as more vivid, more real, more moving, more fearful. These results suggest that operation of somathesis has possibility to induce effective imaging on therapy.

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THE EFFECTS OF RESPONSE-PROPOSITION-ORIENTING INSTRUCTION AND THE EVALUATIVE VALUE OF IMAGERY UPON HEART RATE SELF-REGULATION

Akiko Seo, Eiichi Kamimura, Yuji Sakano

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 129-139
Published: September 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.18.2_129

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of so-called reponse-proposition-orienting instruction and the evaluative value of imagery upon heart rate self-regulation. 250 under gradute students were asked to ful-fill the SSI (Sophian Scale of Imagery) in order to measure the imaginability, and 32 students with average imaginability participated in experiment as subjects. Subjects (Ss) were randomly divided into four experimental conditions according to 2 x 2 factorial design. The first factor was the evalutative value of imagery [as a strategy for self-regulation of Heart Rate (HR), i, e, the half of Ss were instructed to recall positively evaluative imagery and the latter half of Ss were instructed to recall negatively evaluative imagery. The second factor was the procedures HR self-regulation with or without response-proposition-orienting instruction. Ss were asked to engage the HR decrease tasks six times under each conditions. The major findings were as follows ; (1) imagery with positive value helped Ss control and relax subjective emotional responses, (2) the decrease of HR was prominent with response-propositionorienting instruction, (3) response-proposition-orienting procedure was especially useful in the first stage of the HR self-regulation tasks. These findings were discussed within the :theoretical framework of self-regulation of autonomic responses.

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RESPONSES REGARDING RESTRAINED EATING ON THE THREE-FACTOR EATING QUESTIONNAIRE AND WEIGHT LOSS

Yoshiko Adachi, Kuniko Fujii, Toshiko Yamagami

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 140-148
Published: September 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.18.2_140

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Restrained eating, disinhibition and hunger were measured on the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire compiled by Stunkard and Messick. The evaluated subjects were 300 adults (39 men and 261 women) and 45 obese individuals who participated in a behavioral weight loss program at a public health center. The data from 300 adults showed that factor 2, "disinhibition", was most strongly correlated with body weight, Body Mass Index, and % overweight. The features of eating behaviro differed by sex, age and Body Mass Index. Subjects whose questionnaire scores were more than 2 standard deviations from the mean were highly suspected of abonrmal eating and were screened. They were 11% of the 300 adults and adults and 36% of the 45 obese participants. Factor 1, "cognitive restraint of eating", was inversely correlated with their weight loss by a behavioral intervention. From these results, we conclude that the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire is useful in Japanese subjects, and suggest that it can be used to screen 'for abnormal eating behavior such as bulimia and anorexia and predict the effects of weight loss treatment.

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 149-152
Published: September 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.18.2_149

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 159-162
Published: September 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.18.2_159

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 163-
Published: September 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.18.2_163

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 164-
Published: September 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.18.2_164

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