The purpose of this study was to explore the influences of stimulus (white noise/pornography video), situation (observed/non observed) and trait (high audience anxiety/low audience anxiety, repressor/sensitizer) on anxiety responses in order to examine the interaction model for anxiety. The results were as follows; (1) there were no situational anxiety differences between observed and non observed groups under the condition of white noise which was regarded as a physical danger stimulus, but the significant differences of situational anxiety could be observed between the two groups under the condition of pornography video which was regarded as an ego threatening stimulus. (2) significant differences of anxiety responses between repressor and sensitizer were recognized especially under the condition of ego threatening situation (observed / pornography video). Repressor showed higher discrepancies between indications of physiological and self-reported anxiety as compared with sensitization. These findings indicated that a triple interaction model of stimulus, situation and trait was more available for prediction of anxiey.

View full abstract

The effects of feedback and instructions on increase of peripheral skin temperature were examined. Sixteen male undergraduate students were assigned to one of four groups: response-specific instructions with feedback (RI-F), response specific instructions without feedback (RI-NF), instructions to rest with simulation feedback (Rest-SF), and instructions to rest without feedback (Rest-NF). All subjects participated in 12 training sessions. Skin temperature on training periods was lower than on rest periods in many subjects. Feedback had interference effects on the performance. That is, temperature in the RI-F group decreased more than in the other three groups during the early sessions. Effects of instructions did not show any clear differences on the control of skin temperature. However, instructions in the RI-F group decreased skin temperature more than in the Rest SF group. Amount of change in skin temperature on the first trial was highly correlated with formance. These results were discussed in terms of the probability of skin temperature control the over-all perwith biofeedback.

View full abstract

This study aimed to compare two conditions (progressive and fixed time delay procedure) on a presentation of prompt stimuli. Three autistic children, who had some speech problems, were taught to respond with the adequate response topograpy in some demanding situations. The teaching procedures were summarized as follows; (1) Pretraining : Shapig their response topograpy for demanding.(2) Training : Operating on the shaped response topograpy with time delay procedures. (3) Generalization tests:Probing into the generalization effects across persons, settings and untrained target responses. Two teaching procedures (progressive and fixed time delay) were compared in terms of effectiveness of occurence of target response and degree of generalization. It would be demonstrated that both time delay procedures were effective in bringing about the target responses, but it needed a few more added training sessions for the fixed time delay procedure 2 out of 3 cases, than the progressive one to acheived the acquisition criterion. These results were discussed mainly on the comparing methods for identification of the defferences of two time delay procedures.

View full abstract

Two types of behavioral weight control treatment (Group I received group and individual therapy, and Group II, group therapy only) were compared to non-specific nutrition and exercise education (Control group) over a period of six months. In addition to common behavioral strategies, as self-monitoring, goal-setting, self-control,:and stimulus control, each members in Group I individually received a short contact with the therapist each session. After 13 treatment sessions within a six-months period, the weights were monitored over the following two years. The results were as follows; 1. Both behavior therapy groups were superior to Control group as to weight loss (6.0kg, 6.6kg vs 3.6kg) and attrition rate (13.3%,18.5% vs 54.4%). 2. Two behavior groups, I and Ij were equally effective during six-months of the therapy, but after 2 years, the maintenance of weight loss was better in Group I. 3. In behavior groups, the initial weight loss (after 4 weeks), the compliance to treatment (attendance rate, performance rate of self-records) and the post-treatment weight loss were correlated to the net weight loss after treatment. 4. In addition to the initial weight loss and the compliance to treatment, the initial body weight, M-Fat with BMI, and the weights each subject had wanted to lose, were each correlated to post treatment weight loss. 5. Eating and exercise habits were improved, physical and psychological complaints were reduced, data on physical examination were improved, and energy and salt inputs were reduced significantly.

View full abstract

In the present study, reciprocal inhibition training was given by using reciprocal movement method; and based on the therapeutic effects of this method, efforts were made to elucidate the mechanism of reciprocal inhibition by kinetic response. As a result of the present study, it has been made clear that this kind of training is effective for alleviating facial tension and symptoms ofch is in interpersonal tnesion, light cases of phobia, anxiety fits, idle thoughts and kinetic troubles. It has also been suggested that the kind of symptoms, which can be inhibited by relaxation:response, can be inhibited also by kinetic response, and that, when kinetic responses are used, the alleviation of symptoms is possible, to some extent, even in the case of kinetic troubles and strong emtional responses, the inhibition of which is usually considered difficult by use of relaxation response.

View full abstract

Present study investigated the effects of biofeedback manipulation on heartrate(HR) slowing and acquisition of the perceived control. Thirty three subjects were divided into the response-promotive feedback (RPF), the response-demotive feedback (RDF) and the true biofeedback (TBF) groups. RPF group received HR feedback signaling successful HR control by showing 10% better than the real results, while RDF group received HR feedback informing unsuccessful HR control by showing 10% worse than the real change. Real biofeedback was provided to TBF group. All subjects were given three HR slowing sessions consisted of two 1 min. HR trials. They were required to indicate their expectancies of HR control berfore each trial. After the trial, they were also required to evaluate their controlability on HR response. RPF group was significantly more effective in reducing HR and in strengthening the perceived control than two other groups were. Implication of biofeedback manipulation on HR slowing is discussed.

View full abstract