Mental and physical characteristics of outpatients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension were investigated by an interview and a Type A behavior questionnaire. The main results were as follows : The mean score on the questionnaire of 18 patients with glaucoma was significantly higher as compared with the mean score of 22 non-patients. The patients had both strong mental and strong physical tension. Based on this result, the patients were treated from a psychological approach with autogenic training as the main technique in order to relieve them of their mental and physical tension. The condition in all patients who mastered autogenic training was mitigated. After the training,ocular tension was lowered in 6 of 8 patients with glaucoma with unstable ocular tension or ocular hypertension. On the basis of these results, it was considered that the sympathetic nervous system of the patients with glaucoma was in a state of acceleration. It was suggested that a psychological approach with autogenic training as the main technique was effective for some of the patients with glaucoma.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of binge eating and over eating in a nonclinical population. Questionnaires on diet habits and demographic data, the Binge Eating Scale, the Eating Attitude Test and the Eating Disorder Inventory were administered to a sample of 56 high school students and 130 undergraduate students. A total of 186 non-obese subjects were then classified into one of three categories (binge eating, over eating, or normal eating) according to the Binge Eating Scale. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the binge eating group and the other two groups. Binge eaters were dissatisfied with their body image, feared obesity and were emotionally disturbed more than over and normal eaters. At the same time, binge eaters dieted more frequently than the other two groups. These results are discussed from the viewpoint of the clinical implications for binge eating.

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There have been several published reports of attempts to teach mands to individuals with developmental disabilities. Hall and Sundberg (1987) examined the nature of tact and mand. Michael (1993) investigated their functional independence by manipulating conditioned establishing operations. The present study examined the nature of establishing operations and transfer to one establishing operations to others. Two students with autism (14 years old and 12 years old) were trained to request tools by manipulating conditioned establishing operations. In addition, they were trained to request a substite when the item which they requested first was not available. We examined the independent variable for teaching such requests to the students. The results indicated that manding occured after direct mand training for substitution, which was functionally equivalent to the tools requested first to transfer stimulus control from one establishing operations to others. The results suggest that requesting responses could transfer to non-training settings or stimuli when the functions of the tools for completing activities are equivalent to each other.

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This study investigated the perception of bodily symptoms in a situation of performance anxiety during a music examination (playing the piano). Responses of performance anxiety, including perception of bodily symptoms, were studied on 196 female students at a music college after an examination. As a result, bodily symptoms relating to hands, feet and fingertips, which directly prevent the playing of the piano were perceived more frequently than whole body symptoms. Multiple regression analysis revealed that perception of bodily symptoms relating to the hands, feet and fingertips along with other anxiety responses during performance had promotive effects on post-performance anxiety. On the other hand, perception of whole body symptoms did not have a significant effect on post-performance anxiety.

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