Japanese Journal of Behavior Therapy

Relation of Hikikomori and Family Function : From the Point Behavior Theory

Shunsuke NONAKA, Akiko ONO, Motohiro SAKAI

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
Published: January 31, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.38.1_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The purpose of the present study was to examine the correlation between hikikomori (acute social withdrawal) and family function. Parents of individuals with hikikomori (HikikomoriGroup; n=107) and parents of individuals without-hikikomori (Control-Group; n=79) were requested to complete the following questionnaires: (a) Hikikomori Relationship Function Scale (HRFS), and (b) Relationship Happiness Scale (RHS; Smith & Meyers, 2004). The results of ANCOVA indicated that the Hikikomori-Group's scores on Positive Punishment and Negative Punishment in the Hikikomori Relationship Function Scale and the Relationship Happiness Scale were significantly lower than those scores for the individuals in the Control-Group. The results of the present study suggest that it might be important to intervene in relationship happiness and relationship function with individuals with hikikomori and their parents.

View full abstract

Download PDF (889K)
Depression, Social Function, and Employees' Difficulties in Returning to Work because of Depression

Asuka TANOUE, Daisuke ITO, Kaori SHIMIZU, Mayuko OHNO, Mari SHIRAI, Hi ...

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 11-22
Published: January 31, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.38.1_11

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The purposes of the present study were to develop a Difficulties in Returning to Work Inventory (DRW) and to examine characteristics of the inventory. The inventory was developed based on a sample of 34 patients with unipolar depressive disorder. A total of 60 employees who were on sick leave because of unipolar depressive disorder completed the inventory. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the DRW was constituted of 10 items, centering on 3 factors. Cronbach's α coefficient was sufficiently high (α=.87), and the validity of the inventory was confirmed by content as well as concurrent validity. The results of the present study suggest that the DRW has high reliability and validity. The inventory was used to classify the 60 employees into 4 categories. The results considered the employees' difficulties in returning to work and suggested treatments that could be provided to them.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1232K)
Behavior Analytic Intervention for Cognitive Responses in a Patient with Pnigophobia : A Case Study

Fumito TAKAHASHI, Akiko OTSUKA, Hiroaki KUMANO

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 23-33
Published: January 31, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.38.1_23

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The present case study describes treatment given to a man in his 40s who was reported to have pnigophobia (fear of choking) and some physical symptoms such as dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing). The treatment was based on a behavior analysis of the link between his covert cognitive responses and swallowing. The results of the behavior analysis suggested that simultaneous presentation of food in his mouth and his pnigophobic cognitions elicited the dysphagia which, in turn, reinforced his avoidance behavior. The treatment included exposure to body sensations and reciprocal inhibition of the cognitive response during swallowing. The client was asked to describe his body sensations in all phases of swallowing continuously. After this intervention, the client's physical symptoms were reduced; at 1-month and 3-month follow-ups, this improvement was found to have been maintained.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1030K)
Effects of Video Feedback in Alleviating Social Anxiety : Interpretation Bias in Speech Predicts Response to Video Feedback from Speech

Haruna SUYAMA, Tomu OHTSUKI, Daisuke ITO, Yui KANEKO, Kanako NAKAZAWA, ...

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 35-45
Published: January 31, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.38.1_35

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The present study investigated whether a speaker's interpretation bias predicts effects of video feedback on that person's social anxiety. Undergraduate student participants (N=27) in the experiment made 2 speeches, receiving video feedback for the first speech. Subjective anxiety (visual analog scale), speech perception (Speech Perception Questionnaire; evaluation by oneself and others), and heart rate were measured. Interpretation bias was indicated by the standardized residual of scores by oneself and others. The results indicated that the quality of the speeches did not differ in relation to the degree of interpretation bias. On the other hand, the effects of the video feedback on subjective anxiety before and during the speeches differed in relation to the amount of interpretation bias. Participants' heart rate before the speeches was significantly lower before the second speech, regardless of the degree of interpretation bias. These results suggest that video feedback is more effective for those with high interpretation bias in self-evaluation of performance and subjective anxiety. Interpretation bias might be a factor determining effects of video feedback in alleviating social anxiety.

View full abstract

Download PDF (930K)
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in a Vocational Intervention with People with Mental Disabilities : Social Skills Training and Psychoeducation

Hiroyuki IKEDA, Yuko MORISHITA, Shouta MOGI, Yoshiko NAKAI, Shinzo ISA ...

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 47-56
Published: January 31, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.38.1_47

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The employment rate of people with mental disabilities is still very low. Although there is currently a growing interest in vocational interventions for them. Vocational intervention programs and a system for them have not yet been sufficiently established. In particular, a remaining problem is that effects of such programs have not been examined, even through the programs have already been put into practice. In the present research, a program based on cognitive behavioral therapy, which focused on Social Skills Training and Psychoeducation, was implemented with 4 men and 2 women with mental or developmental disabilities, in order to measure effects of the program. The results suggest that the program was effective, because the participant's mental health degree (GHQ30) self-efficacy scores (Standardized Self-Efficacy Scale) improved. On the other hand, a difference in effectiveness was found in relation to the category of disability, which suggests that programs may have to be designed in relation to type of disability. The specific cause of the results obtained could not be definitively identified, because the program was implemented as a package. In future research, program content should be carefully selected, and the order of effects examined.

View full abstract

Download PDF (877K)
Group Training for Parents Participating in a Home-Based Program for Their Young Autistic Children

Ryuji FUJISAKA, Masahiko INOUE

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 57-70
Published: January 31, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.38.1_57

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Parents (N=11) belonging to a parents' group for early behavioral intervention for autistic children were divided into 2 groups, and, for a month, the groups were separately given group training, especially discrete trial training (DTT), intended to increase their knowledge and skills about behavioral therapy. Following the training, the parents' teaching skills generally improved and the children's newly acquired behaviors increased. These tendencies were maintained at follow-up. The parents' mental health was improved after the training, but, 1 year later, was found to have deteriorated in some of them. Several parents stopped their home therapy within a year. These results suggest that a 1-month group training can improve skills of parents to do homebased behavioral therapy, but that a 1-month intervention is not enough to keep parents continuing to do the therapy for 1 year after the intervention.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1126K)
Application of Group Contingencies to Group Work by High School Students with Developmental Disabilities

Kazusa WAKABAYASHI, Tetsubumi KATO

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 71-82
Published: January 31, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.38.1_71

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The present study assessed effects of intervening in a group-learning situation in 3 high school classrooms. Each class included some students with developmental disabilities. Independent or interdependent group contingencies were applied in these classes in order to examine how effectively group contingencies increased the learning behavior of the students with developmental disabilities. In addition, the present study examined which type of group contingency affected interactions in group learning. Moreover, the acceptability of the treatment by the teacher who applied the group contingencies in her classes was assessed before and after the intervention. The results showed that the application of either interdependent or independent group contingencies effectively improved the learning behavior of the entire class, including the students with developmental disabilities. The teacher reported high treatment acceptability after the intervention. However, changes in the amount of interaction between the students with developmental disabilities and their peers were not measured in the present study. Applying the interdependent group contingency resulted in some problem behaviors such as sabotage. On the basis of the present results, procedures necessary to enhance effectiveness of group contingencies and to generate positive side effects were discussed.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1030K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 83-88
Published: January 31, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.38.1_83

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (666K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 89-90
Published: January 31, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.38.1_89

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (185K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 99-
Published: January 31, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.38.1_99_2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (74K)

Register with J-STAGE for free!