Japanese Journal of Behavior Therapy

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages Cover3-
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_Cover3

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The Development of Behavior Therapy and Cultural Climate(<Special Edition>Behavior Therapy of Pain)

K. Uchiyama

Article type: Article
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 1-
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_1

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Behavioral Approach to Dental Phobia(<Special Edition>Behavior Therapy of Pain)

Takashi Ushiyama, Hideaki Tojo, Tomoyuki Ono, Hidekuni Ozeki, Yasuhiko ...

Article type: Article
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 2-9
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_2

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Everybody has anxiety about dental treatment. However there are some patients who take maladjusted behaviors such as rejecting or avoiding dental treatment because this anxiety is extremely strong. We call them "dental phobia" and strive to make clear the disorder. We think that it is most proper to deal with the disorder from the standpoint of behavioral science, and consider that dental phobia is an anxiety reaction acquired during dental treatment ; it is a neurotic maladjusted behavior which elicits escape or avoidance reaction from the treatment by mechanisms of operant learning. Therefore we think it possible to cure the disorder by behavior therapy which is a psychological treatment based on learning theory. At present, we have found that systematic desensitization, which is one method of the behavior therapy, is effective in 87% of these patients and therefore we strongly suggest its usefullness in the treatment of "dental phobia". Recently the effectiveness of this method with biofeedback, modelling, flooding or administration of psychotropic drugs is under examination.

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The Behavioral Treatment of Chronic Pain(<Special Edition>Behavior Therapy of Pain)

Junichi SONODA, Iwao TAKAYAMA

Article type: Article
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 10-15
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_10

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The behavioral approach to three patients with chronic pain was described. Their chronic pain was aquired and maintained by operant conditioning, that is, parents' and medical staffs' attention and medication had reinforced their pain behavior. Three cases were presented. Case 1: he was 28-year old, a single man, was referred for asthma bronchiale and chronic pain of entire bodies. To reduce his chronic pain, an extinction procedure (withdrawal of attention and medication) was used in the treatment of inpatient. His chronic pain extinguished in three month. Case 2: she was 17-year old, high school girl, was reffered for complaining paralysis of arms and chronic pain of right side of body. No organic source was. founded in medical examination. Hypnosis was conducted for 30 sessions in outpatient. As a result, both were completely disappeared. Case 3: he was 13-year old, junior high school boy He was reluctant to go to school with psychogenic cough. Aversion therapy was administered to thecough. The cough had diminished in two sessions, but instead abdominal pain appeared. As hismother had rubbed his abdomen, taken drug to smooth the pain, she was asked to ignore hispain, coerce to go to school. Gradually, he did not complain of his abdominal pain and hisschool attendance increased.

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The Effects of Preperformance Information on Evocation and Extinction of Anxiety(<Special Edition>Behavior Therapy of Pain)

Hidetoshi Seiwa, Ichiro Agari

Article type: Article
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 16-26
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_16

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the anxiety-reducing effects of preperformance information. Subjects were faced with the threat of electric shock and were given information about the charcteristics of the shock by direct (D. E) or vicarious (V. E) experience preceding the experimental session. These two kinds of information were manipulated independently, and the subjects who had either kind of information were compared with the subjects who received both types of information and the no-information subjects on H. R and AACL during the experimental session. Main findings were as follows. 1. In general, preperformance information about a noxious stimulus was sufficient by itself to reduce anxiety level. But these two modes of experience were somewhat antagonistic, and they might even be mediated by different information processing. 2. Direct experience lead the subjects to form accurate expectations about what would be experienced, and the congruency between expected and experienced sensations resulted in decreased anxiety during the encounter with the noxious stimulus. 3. Vicarious experience seemed to have little effect on anxiety-reducing, and the subjects who received V. E showed more overt signs of anxiety in AACL and higher physiological arousal during the experimental session than did those who received D. E.

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Reversal and partial reversal learning in autistic children(<Special Edition>Behavior Therapy of Pain)

Teruko Miyashita

Article type: Article
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 27-33
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_27

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The autistic children (mean DA 4:11, mean CA 10:9), 10 mentally retarded subjects (mean DA 4:6, mean CA 9:1) and 10 normal children (mean CA 4:11) were tested on three visual discrimination reversal problems: Negative-retained partial reversal (NR), positive-retained partial reversal (PR) and standard reversal (R), in which the negative, positive, or both original learning cues were reversed respectively... the non-reversed cues being replaced by new (novel) cues in the NR and PR problems. The results were as follows. The groups were not significantly different in original learning on mean number of trials to criterion. The autistic and retarded children were significantly inferor to normals in overall reversal. The conditions were significantly different in normals. That is, R was more difficult than NR and PR, although these latter two did not differ from each other. The retardates' performance was at the same level for all three conditions. In the autistic group, however, all conditions were same through reversal training but, the analysis of the correct respoeses to the thirteen reversal trials showed that R was more difficult than NR and PR, where the novel cue was positive. The results were interpreted that the autistic and retarded children showed the inability to inhibit a previously acquired habit and the susceptibility to disruption by novel stimuli through reversal learning.

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Primary obsessional slowness with altered tricotillomania(cutting hair)(<Special Edition>Behavior Therapy of Pain)

Toshiko Yamagami, Mitsue Yoneda, Sadako Dan, Yuko Tomita, Kimiko Kamen ...

Article type: Article
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 34-44
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_34

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The case of obsessional slowess, a 32 year-old female with altered tricotillomania, is reported. She appeares to have many of the features, which Rachman(1974)described and denoted as primary obsessional slowness. The treament and possible mechanism of the maintenance of slowness has been discussed. 1) The symptoms are characterized by meticulous replication and ritualization in almost all of the self-care behaviors, and by tendency to seek some sensation by behaving. Obsession and fear are moderate. 2) Therapeutic intervention such as modelling, instruction, pacing, response prevention, prompting, has been used for modification of slowness. Aversive treatment has also been used as modification of hair-cutting behavior. In a short period, changes of each self-care behavior was to a certain extent achieved relatively easily. However, changes reached a plateau after that. Improvement had no genegalization across target behaviors. Emotional discomfort during prevention was moderte. 3) These clinical findings suggestes that the obsessional slowness might not be an anxietyreducing mechanism which is the case in ordinary obsessional disorder. The possibility of that the slowness might function to avoid the situation to be doubted about her failure of each act, that is, to avoid appearance of obsession, has been considered. There has also been discussed about potential factor for maintaining compulsions could be in the behavio ritself.

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Learned helplessness(Glossary)

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 45-
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_45

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Griest, D. L. & Wells, K. C., Behavioral Family Therapy with Conduct Disorders in Children, Behav. Ther., 14, 37-53, 1983

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 46-
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_46

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Matus, I. & Bush, D., Asthma Attack Frequency in a Pediatric Population, Psychosom. Med., 41, 629-636, 1979

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 47-
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_47

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Jaremko, M. E., 1978, Cognitive strategies in the control of pain tolerance, Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 9, 239-244

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 48-
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_48

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Stam, H. J., Petrusic, W. M., & Spanos, N. P., 1981, Magnitude scales for cold pressor pain, Perception & Psychophysics, 29, 612-617

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 49-50
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_49

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 51-
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_51

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 52-
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_52

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 53-
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_53

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (176K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 54-
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_54

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1983 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 56-
Published: September 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.9.1_56_2

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