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Volume 24 (1998)
- Issue 2 Pages 57-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 24, Issue 1
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Fumiko Endo, Matsujirou ShibanoArticle type: Article
1998 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 1-14
Published: March 31, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA single case design was adopted to evaluate the effects of the stimulus control and the differential attention on the behavior of a male elderly person in a nursing home setting. The negative targeted behavior was insistent demanding, e.g. calling loudly, aggressive physical contact, and asking for things insistently. The positive targeted behavior was socially acceptable communication, e.g . talking to the staff or the other residents without aggression and responding to the staff and the other residents without aggression. The stimulus control was a procedure of reconstructing the lounge physical setting facilitating the positive social behavior. The differential attention was a procedure of differentially reinforcing the positive behavior by using the staff's attention as reinforcers. After having introduced the differential attention the negative behavior decreased as the staff's interaction increased. Later, however, when the staff's interaction decreased, namely the staff compliance deteriorated, the elderly person's negative behavior began to increase. Then the supervisor started to feedback the staff about their performance, the negative behavior decreased again. Unfortunately, however, the staff compliance was not maintained, which suggests the necessity of system to maintain staff compliance.View full abstractDownload PDF (1058K) -
Yoshitaka KonnoArticle type: Article
1998 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 15-25
Published: March 31, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study applied Tokeai-desensitization method (Desensitization with melting experience) to two female clients;the first case was a 23-year-old anxiety neurosis student suffering from chronic speech flight and hand tremor, and the second case was a 19-year-old conversion response student suffering from acute aphonia. The first case could be aware of her irrational belief, "excessive desire for perfection", as she could control the anticipatory task anxiety through Tokeai-desensitization method. Furthermoe, realizing and being liberated from the irrational belief could help her improve the chief complaints. In the second case, Tokeaidesensitization method alleviated phobic response to bad dreams and anonymouse telephone calls, then she could realize her irrational belief, "excessive self-blame", which undrelies her aphonia. This awareness could facilitate her to cope with phobic responses, and recover her voice. These results suggest a relationship between improvement of symptoms and cognitive changes in irrational beliefs.View full abstractDownload PDF (1110K) -
Satoko Matsumoto, Kenji Sato, Miwa Yokoi, Miho Yoshinaga, Midori Shimu ...Article type: Article
1998 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 27-37
Published: March 31, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purposes of this study were to survey the current state of treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to examine effectiveness of psychotherapy by reviewing trends in treatment studies on IBS during the last 12 years (1985-1996) . As results of searching literature, 66 treatment studies in the Western countries and 9 treatment studies in Japan were found. Major results were as follows : (1) a total of 66 treatment studies in the Western countries were classified into either pharmacological, dietary, or psychological treatment; (2) psychotherapies included cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) , relaxation training, cognitive therapy, bowel sound biofeedback, and hypnotherapy; (3) all types of psychotherapies except bowel sound biofeedback had been shown to be superior to control conditions; (4) effectiveness of CBT or brief psychodynamic therapy with pharmacological treatment were at least equivalent to that of pharmacological treatment alone; (5) only cognitive therapy had been shown to be superior to placebo control condition; and (6) behavioral techniques, especially for anxiety, were applied to IBS patients with social maladjustment, although no particular psychotherapy was dominant in Japan . Finally, it was pointed out that control studies are needed also in Japan to establish effective treatment for Japanese IBS patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (1140K) -
Iroku KawaiArticle type: Article
1998 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 39-48
Published: March 31, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 06, 2019
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTraditional developmental approaches have already accumulated massive information about development over all stages of an entire life. Behavior-analytic approches have revealed fundamental principles and techniques of modifying behavior. Both approaches should be intergrated because the development and lerning (behavior-modification) are related closely and supported by each other . The purpose of the present paper is to consider the defective problems which are concealed in the traditional developmental approaches, and to compare some differences between the conceptions and methods of both approaches. The considerations and comparisons will be made in order to explore the possibility of intergrating them. Some defecitive problems are as follows. (1) Correlational studies tend to discard the precious infomations which each individual furnish. (2) An attermpt to look for the determinants of development and learning, within the skin, could not understand the mechanism of them. (3) Structural, not functional, conceptions about an environment could not explain the functional relationships between behavior and environment. (4) The idea of regarding the development as a process of natural actualization of abilities, with the passage of time, make us hesitate to take a positive attitude toward the facilitation of development, and (5) others.View full abstractDownload PDF (1096K)
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