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Volume 30, Issue 3
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Kenji Mochizuki, Kunio Shirakihara1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 199-207
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new species of Epigonus (family Apogonidae), E.ctenolepis, is described from two specimens caught from Owase, Japan.This species is distinguishable from other species of the genus in having a compressed body, opercle with a pungent, fully-ossified spine, no eighth rib below tenth vertebra, 10 dorsal soft rays, ctenoid scales on lateral line, 24 25 total gill rakers, etc. E. atherinoides (Gilbert) is also described from nine specimens caught on the top of the Komahashi Seamount (ca.28°06'N, 134°39'E) in the Kyushu-Palau Ridge, northwest Pacific. E.atherinoides is distinguished from other species of Epigonus in having a wider body (body width greater than or equal to body depth at insertion of pectoral fin), opercle with a fully-ossified spine, no eighth ribbelow tenth vertebra, 10 dorsal soft rays, cycloid scales on lateral line, etc.A key to the four Japanese species of Epigonus is presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (11108K) -
Kazunari Yano, Sho Tanaka1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 208-216
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Portuguese shark, Centroscymnus coelolepis, was recently taken from depths of 300-1, 200m in Suruga Bay in central Japan.This species was heretofore reported only from the Atlantic Ocean. C.owstoni is redescribed to clarify the classification of the genus Centroscymnus from Japan. C.coelolepsis and C.owstoni are distinguished by such characters as the height of the dorsal fin, the presence or absence of the abdominal ridges, the shape of the dermal denticles and the number of spiral valves.View full abstractDownload PDF (8735K) -
Takuji Yatou, Takeshi Yamakawa1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 217-220
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new triglid fish, Pterygotrigla multipunctata, is described from Tosa Bay, southern Japan. This species is easily distinguishable from the other species of Pterygotrigla in the combinations of having a short rostral projection slightly diverged anteriorly, cleithrum without spine, and a large black blotch on the inner surface of pectoral fin.View full abstractDownload PDF (572K) -
Toru Takita, Teruyuki Iwamoto, Shuya Kai, Ichiro Sogabe1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 221-226
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCallionymus enneactis was reared in a tank to observe its spawning behavior.Changes in ovarian tissue were also examined.Females spawned every night for at least seven days.By day, males fought with each other and displayed to females.Males came out of the sandy substrate at about 8: 45 p.m.after a stay of approximately one hour and a half in the sand.The males then enticed females to move out of the sand.Then, the pair rose up in the water to spawn in darkness.Spawning in the tank by two males and 14 females continued for about 45 minutes.The ovary contained eggs in the yolk globule stage and earlier stages just after spawning.These measured less than 0.32mm in diameter.A part of the eggs reached the migratory nucleus or prematuration stage at 18 h after the previous spawning, and was ovulated at 23 h.A comparison of the natural condition of ovaries from fish in the field with the developmental cycle of females in the tank suggested that spawning in nature may have occurred at the same time as observed in the laboratory.View full abstractDownload PDF (3316K) -
Koji Maekawa1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 227-234
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwenty-two examples of spawning of mature stream resident males vs.lake run males of the Miyabe charr, Salvelinus malma miyabei, were observed under natural conditions in an inlet stream of Shikaribetsu Lake, Hokkaido, Japan.During spawnings of pairs of lake run type charrs, two types of behaviour were observed in the stream resident males; (1) they rushed in quickly to release sperm simultaneously with the spawning pair, and (2) they dashed in to eat eggs. From the behavioural point of view, the former represents streaking behaviour.View full abstractDownload PDF (6264K) -
Toshio Okazaki1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 235-246
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution and seasonal abundance of the steelhead trout and the Kamchatkan trout in the North Pacific were analyzed by the temporal and spatial density of individuals collected by Japanese research operations from 1972 through 1982. Operation data showed that the individuals identified as the steelhead trout were distributed in the western waters of the North Pacific from spring to summer. However, some of the individuals might have been the Kamchatkan trout because the two species are separable only by the difference in vertebral counts. Judging from the time of return and endemic range of the Kamchatkan trout, it is considered that most of individuals caught in the Okhotsk Sea or the western waters of the North Pacific were the Kamchatkan trout, Salmo mykiss. It is presumed on the basis of the change of seasonal abundance that the anadromous populations of S.mykiss migrate northwest to coastal areas, where they originated, after wintering in the central or eastern North Pacific. The results of tagging experiments indicate that the distribution of the steelhead trout, S.gairdneri, extends at least to the waters around 175°E in summer. The long strip-like distribution of the two species across the North Pacific as well as no significant gaps in abundance shows that their geographical ranges in the ocean phase greatly overlap.View full abstractDownload PDF (2930K) -
Shigeharu Kudo, Norihiko Kimura1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 247-260
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGill epithelia of rainbow trout fingerlings with bacterial gill disease were examined by transmission electron microscopy.Morphological alterations of the diseased epithelia started at hypertrophy of the lamellar epithelium.The hypertrophy was characterized by transfiguration of the epithelial cells into a cuboidal or columnar shape and of the chloride cells into an oval or spherical shape, and by infiltration of wandering cells.This was followed by the appearance of globoid structures on the lamellae and plasma membrane vesiculation (or blebbing) suggesting cell injury. The formation of these globoid structures progressed by macrophagial clearance of the degraded cytoplasm of transfigured epithelial and/or chloride cells leaving the flat peripheral cytoplasm and nucleus.Further, the hyperplastic lesion progressed in the order of fusion of adjacent gill lamellae, profuse proliferation of epithelial cells, clubbing of gill filaments and fusion of adjacent gill filaments. The relationship between the progression in hyperplasia and morphological changes in epithelial, chloride, and mucous cells was also examined.Ruthenium red staining clearly revealed adhesion between the cell wall substance of bacterial cells and the surface of the outermost layer of cells in the gill epithelium, appearance of gap junction between epithelial cells in the process of fusion of adjacent gill lamellae, and plasma membrane vesiculation due to cell injury.View full abstractDownload PDF (21638K) -
Shun-Ichi Umezawa, Shigeru Adachi, Koji Taneda1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 261-267
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGroup effects on oxygen consumption of the ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, in relation to growth stage were investigated by a polarographic oxygen electrode, using continuous flow respirometry. The oxygen consumption of an isolated fish in the respirometer tube, which either had shown signs of aggressive behavior in the aquarium when kept together with a number of fish, or had grown to 9 cm in standard length in the aquarium when kept solitarily, increased markedly when the fish was placed in visual contact with conspecific fish. However, when an isolated fish, which had neither shown signs of aggressive behavior nor grown to 9 cm in standard length, was placed in the same visual condition, its oxygen consumption decreased or did not change. Such an excitatory group effect on oxygen consumption seems to be established depending on the habit of solitary living and aggressive behavior, while a soothing group effect seems to be caused by the habit of schooling, according to growth stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (864K) -
AlkylbenzenesulfonateYoshio Fukuda1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 268-274
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReports of hyperplasia of the secondary gill lamellae resulting from specific reactions of individual fishes to various chemical substances contained in water have recently appeared. Therefore, this histological study was undertaken to determine the formation process of hyperplasia of the gill lamellae and whether or not it was reversible.
Forty goldfish (Carassius auratus) weighing approximately 10 g and 8 cm in total length were used.They were divided into four groups.Three groups (excluding the control) were bred for 10, 30, and 50 days, respectively in water that contained 0.5 ppm of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) as a substance causing a specific change in the gill.Following this, half of the fish in each experimental group were bred in water not containing LAS for five, 10 and 15 days, respectively, to determine indications of the reaction of the gill.Light and scanning electron microscopic examinations revealed marked edema on the respiratory epithelium of the secondary gill lamellae and hyperplasia of global cell masses that originated from the gill filament epithelium corresponding to the base of the secondary gill lamellae in the 10-day breeding group.The spaces between the secondary gill lamellae were almost filled with cell masses.Retention of large quantities of mucouslike substances within the proliferated cells and a slight structural relation between the cell masses and the respiratory epithelium composing the secondary gill lamellae were noted in the 30-day breeding group.In the 50-day breeding group, in addition to hyperplasia, edema and slight bleeding were observed in some fish.However, when these fish were bred in water not containing LAS, edema of the respiratory epithelium disappeared within 5 days and the proliferative cell masses filling the spaces between the secondary gill lamellae shed readily within 10 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (9777K) -
Chikara Kitajima, Yasuo Tsukashima1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 275-283
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAiming at producing a new strain for aquaculture, the hybridization between the silver bream, Sparus sarba (female) and the black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli (male) of the family Sparidae was attempted. We obtained about 50 individuals of 20 cm in body length . All offspring from the alternative combinations died within 10 days after hatching . As controls for comparison, the fry of both sparids were also reared to the above mentioned size.
There were no morphological differences between the hybrid and S . sarba except for the ratio of intestinal length to their body length. The hybrid was larger than A. schlegeli in the ratios of caudal fin length, body height, eye diameter and upper jaw length to their body length, and smaller in head length, preanal length and intestinal length . The hybrid resembled more the mother (S. sarba) than the father (A. schlegeli).
The dorsal and anal fin rays of the hybrid were intermediate in number between its parent.
Differentiation in sexuality of the hybrid was distinguishable, and no hermaphrodite was found. The male produced sperm and female showed ovarian eggs with yolk in their gonads, though fertility was unknown.
The hybrid was nearly the same as S. sarba in growth rate, and both of them were remarkably superior to A. schlegeli in growth. A. schlegeli, however, was more tolerable than both the hybrid and S. sarba to low temperature and low salinity. There were almost no differences between the hybrid and S. sarba in both tolerances.
Thus, the hybrid seemed to inherit every characteristic from the mother.View full abstractDownload PDF (2629K) -
Hiroshi Kohno, Yasuhiko Taki1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 284-290
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cartilaginous-osteological development of teleostean fishes remained little studied largely because of technical difficulties.With the development of techniques for clearing and staining whole specimens through the works of Taylor (1967, for bone only) and Dingerkus and Uhler (1977, for both cartilage and bone), a great deal of knowledge has been accumulated concerning the cartilaginous-osteological development of fish larvae of various species by many workers, notably by Potthoff (see Table 1). This study is designed to discuss some topics raised through our previous study on the cartilaginous-osteological development of Pagrus major larvae (Kohno et al., 1983).This study concurrently reviews works of many researchers listed in Table 1.Supplemental observations were made in 24 species. Fin-supports of all fins except for the ventral are dealt with in this study.
Terminologies generally follow Starks (1930), Eaton (1945) and Monod (1968).View full abstractDownload PDF (1110K) -
Yusuke Suda, Yoshiaki Tominaga1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 291-296
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCharacters of Pacific Ocean materials we examined (of these, four from off the northwestern coast of Australia, one from near the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, and one from northern Micronesia), generally agree with the descriptions of Scombrosphyraena oceanica.Fraser and Fourmanoir (1971), however, mentioned that S. oceanica have no supramaxillary and seven branchiostegals. Pacific specimens have a long supramaxillary and six branchiostegals. We checked the Fraser and Fourmanoir's specimen from the Caribbean Sea (USNM 204646). It has, actually, a long supramaxillary and six branchiostegals and agrees with Pacific specimens.
Sphyraenops bairdianus Poey, 1858-61 was based on a specimen taken from off Cuba. Scombrosphyraena oceanica Fourmanoir, 1970 was recorded from the South-central Pacific and Caribbean Sea (Fourmanoir, 1970; Fraser and Fourmanoir, 1971). These two forms are similar and peculiar in having bony serrations along the anterior rim of the orbit directed towards the center of eye.
On comparing ZUMT materials from the Pacific Ocean with the USNM specimen, we could not find evidence that they are different at the species level and Scombrosphyraena oceanica is regarded here as a junior synonym of Sphyraenops bairdianus.View full abstractDownload PDF (3406K) -
First Records of the Blenniid Fishes, Petroscirtes springeri and Petroscirtes variabilis, from JapanAkihiko Yatsu, Akihisa Iwataand, Mitsuaki Sato1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 297-300
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPetroscirtes (Blenniidae, tribe Nemophini), comprising ten species, is widely distributed over the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific Region from the Red Sea and southern Africa to the Society and the Line islands (Smith-Vaniz, 1976). Petroscirtes mitratus (a senior synonym of P. elatus) and P.breviceps (syn. Dasson trossulus) have previously been reported from Japan. Araiand Ida (1975) illustrated a single specimen of P.breviceps (NSMT-P 18406), identified as Dasson (=Petroscirtes) sp., from Tanegashima Island, Japan.Arai and Ida (1975) noted that except for its color pattern, which closely matched that of Meiacanthus kamoharai, the specimen agreed well with P.breviceps. Petroscirtes breviceps has been reported as a possible mimic of Meiacanthus grammistes, and establishment of a second mimetic relationship with the closely related and allopatric M.kamoharai might be expected (Smith-Vaniz, 1976 and personal communication). Recently, four specimens of P. springeri Smith-Vaniz, 1976 and one specimen of P.valiabilis Cantor, 1850 were collected from southern Japan.These records represent northern range extentions from Taiwan to Japan for both species, and the second record of P. springeri.
The methods of Smith-Vaniz (1976) were used for counts, measurements and definitions of cephalic sensory pores and cirri.Vertebral counts include precaudal + caudal number. Radiographs were used to count vertebrae, ribs, and dorsal and anal rays.Color pattern descriptions are from preserved specimens.Sex was determined by the shape of urogenital opening.View full abstractDownload PDF (3082K) -
John D. Stevens, Malcolm C. Dunning, Saburo Machida1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 301-307
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe genus Lamna Cuvier, 1817 is placed in the family Lamnidae together with Isurus Rafinesque, 1810, and Carcharodon A.Smith, 1838 (Compagno, 1981). Two distinct species of Lamna have been recognized from temperate, boreal and antiboreal oceans (Bass et al., 1975). Lamnanasus (Bonnaterre, 1788) is widespread in the North Atlantic (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1948; Aasen, 1963;Templeman, 1963) and also occurs in the south-west and south-east Atlantic (Nakaya, 1971;Bass et al., 1975;Menni and Gosztonyi, 1977), the south-east Pacific (Kato et al., 1967) and the southern Indian Ocean (Duhamel and Ozouf-Costaz, 1982). Lamna ditropis Hubbs and Follett, 1947 is common in the North Pacific (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1948; Lindberg and Legeza, 1967). The status of two other nominal species of Lamna, both from the Southern Hemisphere, is doubtful (Garrick and Schultz, 1963). Lamna philippi Perez Canto, 1886 from Chile apparently lacks lateral denticles on its teeth and, since it is unclear whether a secondary caudal keel is present (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1948), may be referable to Isurus. Lamna whitleyi Phillips, 1935 is recorded from Australasia (Whitley, 1940; Graham, 1953; Munro, 1956) but it has been suggested by Garrick and Schultz (1963) that this species may not be separable from L.nasus. Bass et al. (1975) stated that positive identification of Lamna species from Australasia is dependent on further collection of specimens.
During an oceanic squid survey of the Tasman Sea, nine Lamna taken incidentally by gillnet were examined, three in detail.Measurements on three Lamna caught during previous fisheries surveys in the Tasman Sea were also made available to us by Japanese scientists.View full abstractDownload PDF (3056K) -
Yoshiteru Kimizuka, Hiromu Kobayasi1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 308-312
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChromosomal polymorphism has been known in spinous loaches of the genus Cobitis, C. biwae Jordan et Snyder, C.taenia taenia Linnaeus and C.taenia striata Ikeda (Kobayasi, 1976; Takahasi and Oka, 1976; Ueno and Ojima, 1976;Sofradzija and Berberovic, 1978;Ueno et al., 1980;Vasiliev and Vasilieva, 1982). In Cobitis biwae, Kobayasi (1976) reported the existence of two karyological races, i.e., a diploid race with 48 chromosomes and a polyploid race with 96 chromosomes.Aneuploid specimens with 46 chromosomes have also been recorded (Ueno, 1981).The purpose of this study is to elucidate the geographic distributions of these races or populations with different karyotypes on the basis of materials from numerous localities covering almost the whole of the range of the species, and to examine their distributional patterns from a zoogeographical viewpoint.View full abstractDownload PDF (826K) -
Noritomo Komada, Jack T. Moyer1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 313-317
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpinal curvature, hump-backed conditions and malformations involving individual vertebrae have been reported rather frequently for many species of fishes throughout the world (Dawson, 1964, 1966, 1971; Matsuzato, 1973; Dawson and Heal, 1976), but to our knowledge there is no record of vertebral anomalies in the carangid (“hiramasa”), Seriola aureovittata Temminck et Schlegel.On 18 September 1980, a specimen of “hiramasa” with severe spinal curvature was caught by set net at Miyake-jima, Japan (34°05'N, 139°30'E).In this study, the forms of vertebral centra in the deformed fish are described in detail to attempt to clarify the mechanism and time of occurrence of vertebral anomaly in this commercially important species.View full abstractDownload PDF (5358K) -
Yukio Sawada, Hiroyuki Aizawa1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 318-323
Published: November 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe nomenclatural history of Cobitis biwae Jordan et Snyder, 1901 was reviewed.It was concluded that the only valid substitute name of Cobitis taenia japonica Temminck et Schlegel, 1846 is Cobitis biwae, and the other substitute name, Cobitis taenia matsubarae Okada et Ikeda, 1939, is an objective synonym of Cobitis biwae.
The lectotype and paralectotypes of Cobitis biwae were compared with four Japanese forms of the genus Cobitis on the basis of four characters, i.e., color pattern, the shape of the lamina circularis, the composition of abdominal and caudal vertebrae, and the position of the dorsal fin.While the lectotype agreed with a Japanese common striped loach, shima-dojo, the paralectotypes included two forms, Cobitis taenia taenia and C.taenia striata.View full abstractDownload PDF (3818K) -
1983 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 332
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (74K)
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