Japanese Journal of Ichthyology

A New Creediid Fish Creedia bilineatus from the Yaeyama Islands, Japan

Kazuhiko Shimada, Tetsuo Yoshino

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 123-127
Published: September 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.123

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A new creediid fish, Creedia bilineatus, is described on the basis of 3 specimens from the Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa Pref., Japan. This new species is distinguished from all other species of the genus Creedia by having fewer anal fin rays (17-18 vs. 24-28).

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Neolumpenus unocellatus, a New Genus and Species of Stichaeid Fish from Japan

Toru Miki, Shin-ichi Kanamaru, Kunio Amaoka

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 128-134
Published: September 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.128

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Neolumpenus unocellatus gen. et sp.nov., a stichaeid fish (subfamily Lumpeninae, sensu Makushok, 1958) is described on the basis of a single specimen found in the stomach of the Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, caught off Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Japan. The new genus and species is distinguished from all other lumpenines in having the following combination of characters: 1) 51 dorsal spines, 33 anal fin rays, 57 total vertebrae; 2) broad pelvic fin with deeply-branched soft rays; 3) lower rays of pectoral fin branched and not prolonged backward; 4) prevomerine and palatine teeth present; 5) pungent spines present in pelvic and anal fins; 6) upper lip fused to snout anteriorly; 7) gill openings not extending forward beyond a vertical through posterior margin of eye; 8) minimal (fifth) hypural present; 9) first interneural spine inserted between first and second neural spines; 10) extremely large cephalic sensory pores present; 11) high, steep snout; 12) ocellus on dorsal base of caudal fin.

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A New Ophichthid Eel, Ophichthus megalops, from the Kumano-nada, Japan

Hirotoshi Asano

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 135-137
Published: September 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.135

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An ophichthid eel, Ophichthus megalops sp.nov., is described from the Kumano-nada, off Owase, Mie Prefecture, Japan. This species is characterized by its large eye, dorsal fin origin far behind the tip of pectoral fin, vertebral number, dentition, and a distinct black smudge on the skin sheath of anal fin near the tip of tail.

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Redescription of Apogon (Ostorhinchus) fleurieu (Lacepède, 1802) with Notes on its Synonymy

Ofer Gon

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 138-145
Published: September 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.138

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The species Ostorhinchus fleurieu Lacepède, 1802 is recognized as a senior synonym of Apogon aureus (Lacepède, 1802) on the basis of diagnostic colour features of Lacepède's illustration of the species (after Commerson). The species is redescribed and a neotype designated. The synonymy of the species is discussed in the light of the history of Commerson's and Lacepècle's work. Nectamia is replaced by Ostorhinchus as a subgenus of Apogon.

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A Revision of the Black-and-White Snappers, Genus Macolor (Perciformes: Lutjanidae)

Hirokazu Kishimoto, Kunio Amaoka, Hiroyoshi Kohno, Takuya Hamaguchi

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 146-156
Published: September 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.146

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Macolor macularis Fowler was described on the basis of adult specimens of two distinct species of the genus. Since the holotype is presumed to be lost and it is impossible to check its validity, one of the 25 paratypes is designated as the neotype of M. macularis to set the name as a valid species. The two species are redescribed and compared with each other. Macolor macularis differs from M. niger in the number of anal soft rays (10 versus 11) and gill rakers (110-122 versus 89-107), extent of the exposed portion of the maxillary bone (more exposed in M. niger), length of pelvic fin (long and pointed in young versus not elongate at any size), and coloration on body and fins in adult (blue spots on head and fins versus almost uniformly black). Macolor macularis is distributed in the western Pacific, from northern Australia to Iriomote-jima, Ryukyu Islands.

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Notes on the Biology, Taxonomy, and Distribution of Flashlight Fishes (Beryciformes: Anomalopidae)

John E. McCosker, Richard H. Rosenblatt

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 157-164
Published: September 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.157

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New information concerning the distribution and biology of anomalopid fishes is presented. There are five valid described species: Anomalops katoptron and Photoblepharon palpebratus, widely distributed in the central and western Pacific Ocean; P. steinitzi from the Red Sea and Comoro Islands; Kryptophanaron alfredi from the Caribbean; and K. harveyi from Baja California. P. steinitzi differs from P. palpebratus in coloration, head bone ornamentation, and pelvic ray number. The second known specimen of K. harveyi is described in detail. The occurrence of large specimens of Anomalops in deep water and small specimens in shallow water is discussed. Synonyms and a key to the species of anomalopids are provided.

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Divergence in Reproductive Ecology of the Three-Spined Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus

Seiichi Mori

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 165-175
Published: September 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.165

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An anadromous population (trachurus form) and three freshwater populations (leiurus form) of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in central Japan were com-pared with one another in the reproductive traits: body length at maturity, egg size, clutch size, the swell of abdomen and the number of eggs per nest. The anadromous fish which become larger in body size at maturity spawn eggs smaller in size and greater in number than the freshwater fish. The abdomen swell of gravid females expressed by the propor-tion of abdomen width to body length was greater in the freshwater fish. The anadromous male fish collected a mean of 2, 638 eggs with a range of 1, 119 to 4, 052 eggs from about 6-7 females. In the three freshwater (the Yamayoke, the Tsuya and the Jizo) populations, males must have mated with about 9-22, 7-18 and 4-7 females respectively. It seems that the leiurus form increases its reproductive success by its much more mating opportunities and the parental efforts of nesting males as well as by spawning large eggs. Furthermore, among the freshwater populations, the Jizo one inhabiting the upper stream was clearly larger in body size, in egg size and in clutch size than the Yamayoke and the Tsuya ones which inhabit stable waterbodies with springs. It is possible that the Jizo population adopted the strategy of spawning a few large eggs as an adaptation to its habitat. The causal and functional explanations in reproductive characteristics among the four popula-tions are discussed in regard to differences in the environmental conditions.

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Biochemical Identification of a Brackish Water Type of Pungitius pungitius, and its Morphological and Eco logical Features in Hokkaido, Japan

Keisuke Takata, Akira Goto, Fumio Yamazaki

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 176-183
Published: September 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.176

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A brackish Water type of Pungitius pungitius (Gasterosteidae) is newly reported from Japan. Genetic differences, based on 13 loci of 6 enzymes and muscle protein, were examined between fresh and brackish water types in the Biwase River in the eastern part of Hokkaido. The alleles on Gpd, Pgi and Pgm were displaced between them, even though their distributions partially overlapped in the river. The brackish water type was also statistically different from the fresh water type on the basis of three morphological characters, such as number of dorsal spines, gill-rakers and vertebrae, although ranges overlapped. Segregation of spawning sites and differing nuptial colors of the male were found between fresh and brackish water types. These facts suggest that the brackish water type is reproductively isolated from the fresh water type and that both types should be regarded as independent species.

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Comparison of the Gene Frequency between Sympatric Populations of Ninespine Sticklebacks, Genus Pungitius, in Hokkaido, Japa

Takuro Niwa

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 184-190
Published: September 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.184

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Gene frequencies, estimated by electrophoretical analysis, were compared between sympatric populations of ninespine sticklebacks, Pungitius pungitius, P. tymensis and P. sinensis, in Hokkaido, Japan. The loci examined were Ldh-E, Sod, Pgm and Mp. Consequently, significant differences were detected between P. tymensis and other species in all rivers examined. This result strongly suggests that P. tymensis is reproductively isolated from the other species even when they coexist, although a few natural hybrids between P. pungitius and P. tymensis were found through its heterozygosity in esterase isozyme patterns and in Pgm. On the other hand, no significant difference was detected between P. pungitius and P. sinensis populations in the Biwase River of eastern Hokkaido. Therefore, it is suggested that they possibly belong to a single interbreeding population.

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Induction of Female-Specific Serum Proteins in the Sand Lamprey, Lampetra reissneri, by Exogenous Estradiol-17β

Shoichi Fukayama, Akihiko Hara, Takahiro Matsubara, Hiroya Takahashi

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 191-197
Published: September 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.191

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Responsiveness of the liver to estradiol-17β was examined immunologically by measuring the amount of female-specific serum proteins (FSSP) in the serum of the sand lamprey, Lampetra reissneri, injected with estrogen. FSSP synthesis was clearly induced in adult males and young adult lampreys of both sexes by two injections of estradiol-17β, at 200μg/animal 3 days apart, while the same treatment was quite ineffective in ammocoetes larvae. Induction of FSSP synthesis was successful in some ammocoetes when estradiol-17β injections (200μg/animal) were done once a week for three weeks. Discussions were made on the development of responsiveness of the liver to estrogen during ontogenesis of the sand lamprey.

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Morphological Aspects of the Development of Swimming and Feeding Functions in the Milkfish Chanos chanos

Yasuhiko Taki, Hiroshi Kohno, Shiro Hara

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 198-208
Published: September 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.198

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Development of swimming and feeding abilities based on morphological development of larval and early juvenile Chanos chanos was investigated. In larvae smaller than about 6.5mm SL, mechanical supports of fins and branchial arches were in a primordial stage of development. Supports and rays of the vertical fins and branchial arches rapidly developed from 6.5mm SL, and all components appeared by about 10.5mm SL. Thereafter body depth proportion changed and the supports and rays of the paired fins and gill-rakers developed. These developmental events were nearly or totally completed by about 17mm SL, and we concluded that the larvae transformed to juveniles at this size. By this time, the mode of swimming of the fish shifted from undulating locomotion to caudal propulsion and that of feeding from swallowing particulate food to filtering and concentrating substrate food matters using gill-rakers and the epibranchial organ. One of the most characteristic, and well-known, phenomena in the life history of Chanos chanos is the mass occurrence in the surf zone of postlarvae of a limited size range. In view of the scheme of the development of mechanical supports of the body and fins, they may acquire a swimming ability strong enough to move against the current only upon reaching about 10.5mm SL, and if active shoreward migration of the larvae occurs, it is only during the late period of their journey from the spawning grounds to the shore. The sudden disappearance from the surf zone of larvae larger than 15-16mm SL is obviously related to a change in food habit.

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Diel Feeding Patterns of the Congiopodid Fish Hypodytes rubripinnis in Aburatsubo Bay, Japan

Osamu Baba, Mitsuhiko Sano

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 209-214
Published: September 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.209

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Diel changes in the feeding intensity and diet composition of the congiopodid fish Hypodytes rubripinnis were studied in Aburatsubo Bay, Miura Peninsula, Japan, on July 24 and 25, 1985. In samples taken at night, the ratio of stomach content weight to body weight was high and the frequency of occurrence of fish with empty stomach was very low, while the reverse was the case in the daytime, suggesting that this species feeds intensively at night, instead of during the day. Gammarids were the most dominant prey and isopods and caprellids were next important. These three prey items accounted for 91% of the total diet by number. The proportion of isopods in the total diet showed the most remarkable diel change. They amounted to about 30% at night, but were not consumed in the daytime.

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Larval Morphology and Occurrence of the Louvar, Luvarus imperialis (Luvaridae)

Yasuo Nishikawa

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 215-221
Published: September 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.215

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A total of nineteen Luvarus imperialis larvae, 3.5 to 10.7mm in standard length were collected during the cruises of R/V Shoyo Maru in the northwestern Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean. This paper describes meristic and morphological features of these specimens throughout development.
The features particularly noted in postlarvae and early juveniles of L. imperialis are: 1) large head with a wide snout, 2) oval and well-compressed body, 3) large pectoral fins, 4) developed and finely serrated dorsal and pelvic spines, 5) well-developed head spination, 6) minute spines on the soft rays of all fins in larvae larger than about 5.6mm SL, and 7) very rough body surface associated with the development of spiny-edged scales.
Larvae of L. imperialis occur mostly in the coastal waters between lat. 40°N and 40°S of the world oceans, suggested the spawning in temperate waters.

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An Additional Record of the Rare Cottid Fish Ocynectes modestus from Aomori Pref., Japan

Masaru Shiogaki

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 222-226
Published: September 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.222

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Ocynectes modestus was described by Snyder (1911) on the basis of two discolored specimens (size undescribed) collected from Same, Hachinohe City, Aomori Pref., Japan. Watanabe (1958) redescribed this species in his monograph on the basis of two discolored specimens (4.6 and 6.6cm SL) collected from Kominato, Chiba Pref. and Fudejima I., Ohshima Is., Tokyo respectively. Recently, an additional specimen (5.6cm SL, taken from southern Hokkaido) was shown in color by Yabe (1984). However, this photo seems to have been taken after the specimen was preserved and its color changed to dusky green.
From the coast of Aomori Pref., twenty specimens identified as Ocynectes modestus were newly collected. These specimens were mainly different from the original description made by Snyder (1911) regarding the coloration. In this paper, Ocynectes modestus was described on the basis of these fresh specimens. Counts and proportional measurements were made in accordance with Hubbs and Lagler (1947). Soft X-ray was used for counting vertebrae and vertical fin rays.

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The Oriental Goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus, Colonizes a Third Estuary in New South Wales, Australia

Johann D. Bell, Aldo S. Steffe, R. Bill Talbot

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 227-230
Published: September 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.227

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[in Japanese]

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A Record of the Archerfish (Toxotes jaculator) from Iriomote Island, the Ryukyu Islan

Hiroshi Senou, Tetsuo Yoshino, Korechika Yano

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 231-232
Published: September 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.231

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A specimen of Toxotes jaculator (Pallas, 1767) (Pisces: Toxotidae) was collected from the mouth of Urauchi River (24°23'55'N, 123°46'48'E), Iriomote Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. This species was recorded for the first time from the Japanese Archipelago. Its occurrence in Japan is the northernmost record of this species.

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Errata

1987 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 240
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.34.240

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