Japanese Journal of Ichthyology

Some notes on the lateral line system of two cobitoid fishes

Cobitis biwae and C. delicata

Mitsuo SATÕ

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 33-37
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.33

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The lateral line system of two cobitoid fishes, viz. Cobitis biwae and C. delicata, was compared. C. biwae prefers the sandy bottom of the slow-moving water and has almost similar feeding habit to the common loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. While, C. delicata lives in upper waters, especially in clear cold mountain stream, and swimming actively, eats algae on the stones of the stream.
Generally speaking, C. biwae has more developed pit organ (free neuromast) system than C. delicata, but the canal system in the latter is more prominent than that of the former. However, these differences in the lateral line system of the above-mentioned two fishes seem to have no intimate relations with the difference in the way of living between the two.
The canal system of the two cobitoid fishes shows degenerative tendency, namely the canal system is found only on the anterior portion of the trunk. Furthermore it is found that among the neuromasts of middle line of the trunk of C. delicata, these in the most anterior portion are enclosed in canal, and these in the subsequent anterior are surrounded by a wall of epidermal projection and become more superficial in situation, as proceeding caudally. This fact seems to support DIJKGRAAF's view (1952) that the degeneration of the canal system in trunk stars from the caudal to the cranial.

View full abstract

Download PDF (644K)
Notes on the saccus vasculosus of some Japanese fishes

Mitsuo SATO, Mitsuaki KUROTAKI

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 39-44
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.39

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

1. In this paper, the saccus vasculosus of one elasmobranch and fourteen teleosts was investigated. That five fresh-water fishes of them have not this organ seems to support DAMMERMAN'S view (1910). But, some of the fresh-water fishes have the saccus vasculosus which is developed to the same degree as that of marine fishes. Therefore, this problem would need to be considered from the phylogenetical viewpoint, also.
2. Saccus vasculosus of the tiger shark is paired organ situated on the dorsal side of hypophysis, while that of the teleosts is unpaired organ in the posterior portion of the hypophysis. In the teleosts, the distance between this organ and hypophysis is roughly divided into three grades.
3. Saccus epithelium of the tiger shark and carp is simple, while that of other teleosts is complicated, and the complicity of the opithelium is varied with species. When the folds of the saccus epithelium are extremely complicated, the blood sinus and lumen of this organ become reduced.
4. Whether the coronet-cell, a specialized cell in the saccus epithelium, is a sensory cell or a secretory one must be the subject of future research.

View full abstract

Download PDF (904K)
On the fishes of Nile, with special reference to Synodontis nigrita

Yasuo SUYEHIRO

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 45-47
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.45

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (1544K)
On the oxygen consumption rate of the pond-cultured eel, Anguilla japonica

Syuzo EGUSA

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 49-56
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.49

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

An attempt was made to determine the oxygen consumption rate of the pond-cultured eel in the resting state by means of a flowing water system.
On the basis of the fact that the eel, being possibly thigmotactic, remains almost motionless when a tube of appropriate dimensions is provided for it, glass tubes, which were varied in diameter and length according to the size of fish used, were employed as respiration chambers in the present investigation.
The fish used in experiments were pond-reared eels ranging in body weight from about 5 to 270 g. Immediately after being taken from eel-culture ponds at about 24 hours after feeding, fish were placed in respiration chambers separately. All experiments were carried out in July at about 25°C.
Succesive measurements of the oxygen uptake over a period of about a day, revealed, in almost every case, that during the early part of the experiment the rate of oxygen uptake was considerably high, but later (about 5 hours after introduction of the fish) it settled down to a lower value which remained more or less constant until it again fluctuated widely and irregularly after the lapse of about 15 hours. In the present study such a steady rate of oxygen consumption in the middle of the experiment was taken as an estimate of the resting rate of oxygen consumption.
The rate of oxygen consumption of the pond-cultured eel at 25°C. thus obtained are summarized as follows;
Body weight (g) 5 10 20 50 100 150 200 300
Oxygen consumption (cc./hr.) 0.75 1.2 2.0 3.8 6.2 8.3 10.2 13.5
Oxygen consumption (cc. /kg. /hr.) 150 120 100 76 62 55 51 45
These values give a straight line when the logarithm of the rate of oxygen consumption (cc./hr.) is plotted against the logarithm of the body weight. The slope of the line has a value of approximately 0.7.

View full abstract

Download PDF (919K)
On the gonad and the number of eggs of Spirinchus lanceolatus (HIKITA)

Koshiro ITO

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 57-60
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.57

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The writer observed on the gonad and the number of eggs of Spirinchus lanceolatus from Mukawa coast of Iburi Province, Hokkaido in 1957.
The form of left and right gonads is asymmetrical as well as that of Hypomesus olidus and H. japonicus.
The length of gonads to the body length are 43.0% in left and 32.2% right gonads in ovary, while the testes are 24.6% in left and 17.5% in right sides. The ratio of length of testes to body length is smaller than that of ovary-length.
The weight of gonads to the body-weight are 19.5% in ovary and 1.05% in testis. Therefore, testes-weight was about 1/20 of the ovary-weight.
The length of gonad, its weight and number of eggs are shown in proportion to the body length.

View full abstract

Download PDF (510K)
Studies of fertilization in Clupea pallasii

VIII. On the fertilization reaction of the under-ripe eggs

Ryuzo YANAGIMACHI

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 61-66
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.61

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

1) The eggs undergoing the first maturation division are still surrounded by follicular epithelium. When such eggs are forced from the epithelium and inseminated in sea water or in an isotonic Ringer's solution, none of them is fertilized. The principal cause of the failure of fertilization is that the micropyle area of these eggs does not contain the sperm-activating factor which is an essential requirment for normal fertilization of the eggs.
2) Ovulation, i. e. liberation of the eggs from the follicular epithelium, takes place after the eggs have reached the second maturation division metaphase. The micropyle area of the ovulated eggs contains the sperm-activating factor. It has been found that when the recently ovulated eggs are inseminated in sea water or in an isotonic Ringers solution about 25 percent of them are activated and begin to cleave at the proper time. All of these eggs develop regularly (cf. Fig. 1 a-d). The remaining 75 per cent of the eggs, on the other hand, do not show any sign of activation in spite of the fact that they are penetrated by spermatozoa. These eggs remain unchanged for a number of hours. When such eggs are additionally stim-ulated by artificial means (pricking with a glass needle) all of them are activated at once and begin to develop (cf. Fig. 1 a'-d').
Some discussion was presented on this curious phenomenon on the basis of the “fertilization wave” concept proposed by T. YAMAMOTO ('44 a, b, '56, '58).

View full abstract

Download PDF (889K)
Rare deep-water fishes from off Tohoku and adjacent regions. III.

Record of a rare species of the family Paralepididae

Kiyoshi(Keisuke) MARUYAMA

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 67-70
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.67

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The family Paralepididae is one of the largest in the order Iniomi, consisting of seven genera and forty-eight known species (HARRY, 1953, p.230-231). Two genera and three species of this family are hitherto known from Japanese waters: Listidum japonicum TANAKA (Japanese name Hadakaeso), Listidum prolixum HARRY (Japanese name Namehadaka) and Notolepis coruscans (JORDAN and GILBERT) (new Japanese name Hikarieso).
Recently I obtained two specimens belonging to this family. They differ markedly from three known species. I examined and made clear that they are M. barysoma of only one sepcies in the genus Magnisdis recorded from off California by HARRY (1953). Description of this rare species is given in the present paper. They were each almost of the same body length, but one specimen was in bad condition as follows. The head was damaged, its left side was taken off except the fourth and the fifth gill-arches. Data of the specimens are as follows.
1. 50 mm. in total length. collected off the east of Erimo, Hokkaido, in a bottom trawl without otter board at 800-930 meters depth, on board the our office's trust examination boat “No.8 Choun Maru, ” during 20-24 June 1957, by technical expert Tatsuo YASUI.
2. Body length is almost the same in the former, data unknown, but it has impressed me as obtained from the adjacent water of Hokkaido on the other our office's trust examination boat in those days collected the former.
Examined specimens almost well agree with HARRY'S descripion. But their body proportions and the number of fin rays somewhat differed from his specimens as shown in table 1.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1844K)
Studies on the fish fry culture growth, survival and decoloration of gold-fish fry effected by the time of feeding (Report 2)

Kazuo NAKAMURA

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 71-75
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: July 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.71

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Following the same experiment conducted by the writer in 1947, the effect of varied date of initial feeding on fish fry was examined on the growth rate and the color change of “wakin” gold-fish, Carassius auratus in 1949 and 1950. The fish specimens, the same brood of fry hatched out on the same day, were kept in 4 (1950) and 5 (1949) lots under the probable equivalent condition in each year ;they were fed by Moina sp.and some prepared food in an excess amount daily (Table 1). In the experiment of 1950 the volume of water carrying each lot of fish was differed proportionally to the number of fish. The result of the checking of reared fish was shown in Tables 2 and 3.
It was found clearly that the differential growth of fish among the lots of each year showed nearly corresponding rate to the varied date of the first feeding, whether in total weight of the lot, growth of individuals and the survival rate of the group.The best growth as far as the total weight concerned of fish, as expected, was found in the lot whose feeding started on the day of their hatching. The change of coloration from larval dark color to the colorless or reddish phase of gold-fish was not apparently reflected by the date of initial feeding.

View full abstract

Download PDF (568K)
Some examples of hermaphroditic gonad found in a Alaska pollack, Theragra chalco gramma (PALLAS)

Toyohiko HIKITA

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 77-80
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.77

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (1964K)
Studies on the variation of the number of the anal fin-rays in Oryzias latipes

III. Supplementary note on the geographical variation in the wild populations

Nobuo EGAMI, Michihito YOSHINO

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 83-88
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.83

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

In the present note, the authors presented the data on the geographical variation in the number of anal fin rays in the wild populations of the Medaka, Oryzias latipes, collected at 59 localities in Japan, Formosa and China.

View full abstract

Download PDF (725K)
A Study on the Pressure Change within the Oral Cavity by the Normal Respiratory Movement and the So-called Cleaning Motion in Carp

T KOYAMA

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 89-94
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.89

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

1. The pressure change in the oral cavity by the normal respiration was about 2mm. H₂O.
2. The so-called cleaning motion was divided into three types according to the feature in the pressure change and operculars movement (see text).
3. The once elevated or lowered pressure level by the so-called cleaning motion recovers gradually in the course of several cycles of the following normal respiretion.
4. By the spitreflex a sudden ascent and descent down to the normal level was recorded.
5. The removal of the oral valves resulted in almost 50 % decrease of the pressure change. That of the opercular valves did not produce any remarkable change.
6. From results above the following was concluded.
a) The name “cleaning” is not suitable for this motion.
b) The pressure within the oral cavity does not stationarily balance with that of the outermedium during the normal respiration.
The author wishes to express his heartful thanks to Prof. SUYEHIRO for constant guidance in the course of this work. Thanks are also due to Assist. Prof. HIBIYA for valuable suggestions.

View full abstract

Download PDF (4691K)
A Study on the Mechanism of the Ingestion by Intestinal Respiration in the Loach

T. KOYAMA

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 95-98
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.95

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (519K)
A Study on the Role of the So-called Intestinal Respiration of the Loach in Defecation

T. KOYAMA

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 99-101
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.99

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

It was found that the material in the digestive tracts of the loach is pushed out of anus only while the so called intestinal respiration is possible, at least in acute cases. It seems probable that rhythmical contraction does not take place readily in straight intestine. And the following was concluded. The ingested food is possibly forced backwards through the movement of the wall of the stomach and coiled intestine. When it reached the anterior part of the straight intestine, it will probably pushed out of the anus by the swallowed air, i. e. through the intestinal respiration. The habit called intestinal respiration plays an important role not only for O₂ up-take but for defecation.
The author wishes to express his heartful thanks to Prof. SUYEHIRO for constant guidance in the course of the work. Thanks are also due to Assist. Prof. HIBIYA for valuable suggestions.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1734K)
Morphological change of intestine in the larval stage of wild gold-fish (Carassius carassius)

2. Observation on variety “Kinbuna”

Masa YOSHISAKI

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 103-107_1
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: July 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.103

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Succeeding to the previous observation on the “Gengorobuna” variety of Carassius carassius, one of the three types KAFUKU classified on the basis of intestinal convolution (1952), the writer observed the morphology of intestine of “Kinbuna, ” another variety, along the developmental growth of the fish.
The fish used in the present study were secured by artificial fertilization and the fry obtained were reared in the experimental pond of the laboratory. The results of the observation were summarized as follows:
1) The typical intestinal configuration of the “Kinbuna” was formulated in the young of 90 days old after hatching. And the 9 stages (I-IX) shown in the intestine of the “Kinbuna” in their developmental growth were observed nearly corresponding to the first 9 stages in the 14 stages demonstrated in the “Gengorobuna” variety (YOSHIZAKI, 1957).
2) Caudal fin provided with soft rays was observed almost completed in the fish of 20 days after hatching, dorsal fin fold was found to degenerate gradually, and dorsal fin well formed between 30 th and 40 th day.
On the other hand, fin fold on the ventral was observed still remaining in the fish of 50 days old, and both median and paired fins nearly completed during the same days.

View full abstract

Download PDF (2286K)
The morphology of pituitary and thyroid glands of a Japanese cyprinid fish, Tribolodon hakonensis taczanowskii (STEINDACHNER)

Yoshiharu HONMA

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 109-113
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.109

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The writer has observed on the morphology of pituitary and thyroid grands of Maruta (Tribolodon hakonensis taczanowskzi) which is not to be seen anywhere but in the palaeoarctic region of Asia and a single species of sea-run form belonging to Japanese cyprinid fish. The materials used in this study seems to be matured adult fish before breeding season.
1. The pituitary gland of Maruta is long, large and fusiform, and keeps touch with area of optic chiasma with the connective tissue bundle. As the pituitary stalk penetrates the antero-dorsal region of pituitary, the pituitary of this fish may be regarded as a cranio-basic type.
While the histological structure and the subdivisions of each glandular lobes of pituitary are closely similar to those of carp and Funa, the difference is found in the arrangements of four constitutional components of pituitary.
2. The thyroid gland of large-sized fish consists of an anterior and a posterior lobe each of which is in a rather compact mass, however, the poor development of connective tissue capsule is recognized. The histology of thyroid of Maruta shows a hypofunctioning figure, with flattened follicular epithelium and dense colloid in its lumen.
3. In the present cyprinid fish there seems to be no special relation between the breeding season or sexual maturity and the function of thyroid gland.

View full abstract

Download PDF (604K)
Abnormal development of the cranial bones of “Jack-Mackerel” Trachurus japonicus TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL with the growth

Hideyuki HOTTA

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 115-117
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.115

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

As far as known, abnormal development of the cranial bones in teleostei are described about three species, Thunnus thynnus, Chrysophrys major and Muraenoesox cineures. The author examined the morphological changes of the cranial bones of “Jack-mackerel” Trachurus japonicus, with the growth from 4 cm to 34 cm in body-length.
The purpose of this article is to record with brief description the abnormal develop ment of the cranial bones in this fish. The remarkable expantion of supraoccipital bone in the cranium is noticed as shown in Fig. 1, and its gradual change is seen to be accomplished from 22 cm to 25 cm in body-length as in Table 1.

View full abstract

Download PDF (470K)
Some Lantern Fishes from the North Pacific and Bering Sea

Kiyu KOBAYASHI

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 119-125
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.119

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (792K)
The First Symposium on the Blood of Aquatic Animals

Yasuo SUYEHIRO

1958 Volume 7 Issue 2-4 Pages 127-131
Published: December 25, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.7.127

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (684K)

Register with J-STAGE for free!