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Volume 11, Issue 1
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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TOMITARO KITA, HIRO-O KAMIYA, MOTOKO KIMURA1961 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 1-3
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: March 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn oder to clarify the reaction products of γ-guanido- and γ-guanido-β-oxy-butyric acid by heteroarginase obtained from rabbit (small) intestine mucous membrane and liver, in vitro experiments have been conducted. It was demonstrated by paper chromatography of reaction mixtures that γ-amino-butyric acid and urea, and γ-amino-β-oxy-butyric acid and urea, were formed respectively in the former and latter.View full abstractDownload PDF (381K) -
NORIMOTO URAKAWA, YUKIKO HIRABE, YOSHIO OKUBO1961 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 4-10
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: March 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Maltoxin isolated from the malt rootlet of Hordeum distichon, L., growing in Japan was identified as candicine (p-hydroxy-β-phenylethyltrimethylammonium base) in the form of chloride and picrate.
2. Amount of candicine in two kinds of “malt sprouts” made from H. distichon, L., growing in Japan and H. hexastichon, L., being native to Japan was estimated by bioassay on the frog muscle after separation of the base by paper chromatography.View full abstractDownload PDF (1053K) -
IKUO TSUNEMI1961 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 11-19
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: March 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Ouabain was injected into the left renal artery of pentobarbitalized dogs and renal functions were measured by using clearance technics on separate kidneys.
2. Ouabain produced no increase but some decrease in GFR and ERPF in most instances, which is probably brought about by a vasoconstrictive action of ouabain.
3. In contrast to the inconsistent changes in GFR and ERPF, rates of urine flow and excretions of sodium and chloride were markedly increased in all instances.
4. There was no significant change in urinary potassium excretion.
5. The tubular reabsorption of sodium, chloride and water was consistently decreased.
6. Osmolar clearance was markedly increased in contrast to insignificant change in free-water clearance.
7. Meralluride injection showed similar changes in natruresis and diuresis and in reabsorption of water, sodium and chloride to ouabain.
8. These evidences lead to the conclusions that ouabain inhibits sodium transport in tubules.View full abstractDownload PDF (1155K) -
AKIRA SAKUMA1961 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 20-24
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: March 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe use of OC curves was illustrated with special reference to designing the size of experiment whose results can be statistically analyzed by t-tests or by analyses of variance. These curves provide the level of the error of the second kind, β, when the statistical test of the results turns out non-significant.View full abstractDownload PDF (741K) -
RYUICHI KATO, GIUSEPPE FRONTINO, PAULO VASSANELLI1961 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 25-30
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: March 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of carcinostatic agents, such as ethionine, 8-azaguanine, 6-mercaptopurine and X- or gamma-irradiation, on the induction of the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes by phenobarbital or phenaglycodol were examined by using young albino rat.
It was observed that ethionine completely inhibited the induction of the enzymes when it was administered 30 minutes before the inducers, but the inhibitory effect of ethionine was diminished when the administration of ethionine was delayed after the injection of the inducers. Ethionine did not directly inhibit the enzyme activity, therefore it was supposed that ethionine inhibits de novo biosynthesis of protein of the apoenzyme.
Contrary to the effect of ethionine, 6-mercaptopurine and X- or gamma-irradiation hardly inhibited or did not inhibit the induction of the enzymes.
The results suggested that the RNA which is responsible for biosynthesis of hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes may be of long active life.View full abstractDownload PDF (718K) -
RYUICHI KATO, ENZO CHIESARA, GIUSEPPE FRONTINO1961 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 31-36
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: March 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe degradation of carisoprodol by liver slices was increased by the pretreatments with phenobarbital, phenaglycodol and Doriden. The increase of the enzyme activity began 12 hours after the injection of the inducers and the maximum increase of the enzyme activity (about 2.5-fold) was observed 48 hours after and 96 hours after a little increased activity observed.
In contrast to the increase of enzyme activity the shortened duration of paralysis produced by carisoprodol was observed after the pretreatment with the inducers and also the maximum diminution (about 86%) was found 48 hours after the pretreatments. The induction of the enzyme responsible for metabolism of carisoprodol by the inducers was inhibited by combined injection of ethionine which itself does not affect on the enzyme activity of normal rats.
The higher activity of the hepatic enzyme responsible for carisoprodol metabolism and the higher sensitivity in the induction of the hepatic enzyme to the inducers in immature rats than in young and adult rats were also reported.View full abstractDownload PDF (762K) -
KEIJI NAKAMURA, FREDERICK BERNHEIM1961 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 37-45
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: March 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution of γ-aminobutyric-α-ketoglutaric acid transaminase and DPN-linked succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase in 7 areas of rat brain was determined. Both enzyme activities vary with the age of the animal. The activity of both enzymes in the different brain areas roughly parallels the concentration.
Estimations of enzyme activity in various parts of the brain taken from animals pretreated with either pentobarbital, diphenylhydantoin or trimethadione show a depression of activity of both enzymes the extent of which vary in different parts. The drugs in concentrations which are present in the brain when added to the enzymes in vitro do not inhibit them.View full abstractDownload PDF (1229K) -
NORIKO YUKISADA, FUMIKO EBASHI1961 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 46-53
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: March 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Calcium is essential for the stimulating action of ACh, serotonin, histamine and oxytocin on smooth muscle, both in normal Ringer and K-Ringer.
2. In contrast with the above drugs, barium does not require the presence of calcium in Ringer or K-Ringer for its stimulatory action. Calcium rather depresses the barium effect.
3. These phenomena are discussed in relation to a concept that calcium and barium act directly on contractile protein of smooth muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (754K) -
HIDEMASA YAMASAKI, SABURO MURAOKA, MIE SUGIYAMA, KOITI ENDO1961 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 54-64
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: March 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Nicotinamide inhibits histamine release by antigen from chopped lung tissue of a sensitized guinea pig. Addition of succinate potentiates this histamine release and accompanying increase in oxygen uptake. However, nicotinamide, though it inhibits increased release of histamine, does not inhibit the increased uptake of oxygen.
2. Histamine release from guinea pig lung by sinomenine, compound 48/80, and decylamine, whose action is not considered to involve enzymatic process, differing from that of antigen, is also inhibited by nicotinamide.
3. Nicotinamide inhibits anaphylactic contraction of guinea pig ileum and, apparently weakens passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.
4. Inhibition of anaphylactic histamine release and contraction of plain muscle by nicotinamide does not prevent desensitization. The plain muscle, from which nicotinamide had been washed off, is capable of undergoing contraction in response to the antigen. Consequently, nicotinamide does not inhibit the union of antigen and antibody.
5. Nicotinamide analogs which are DPNase inhibitor, such as nicotinic acid, isonicotinic acid hydrazide, pyridine-3-sulfonic acid, and iproniazid, also inhibit histamine release by antigen in various degrees.
6. There is no difference in DPNase activity between sensitized and unsensitized guinea pig lungs. Antigen does not cause any observable change in the DPNase activity of sensitized guinea pig lung. Partially purified bovine spleen DPNase does not increase the release of histamine in vitro, either from the chopped lung tissue of a guinea pig or from subcellular large granules of a dog liver.
7. The result, of present series of experiments suggests that the inhibition of histamine release by nicotinamide in antigen-antibody reaction is not the result of inhibition of DPNase but rather is of a type that blocks linking of chemical stimulation, caused by antigen-antibody union, with allergic changes proceeding inside the cell, by a mechanism different from that of respiratory enzyme inhibitors.View full abstractDownload PDF (4607K) -
FUMINORI SAKAI, TAKESHI HOSHI, MICHINOBU HAGA, YOSHIKAZU ENOMOTO1961 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 65-71
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: March 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn den tubulären Zellen des Triturus pyrrhogaster wurden sowohl das transmembrane als auch das transtubuläre Potential gemessen. Die proximalen Tubulizellen ergaben ein transmembranes Potential von ca. 65 mV und ein transtubuläres Potential von 0-20 mV. Die distalen Tubuli zeigten ungefähr das gleiche transmembrane Potential. Die Versuche, den Einfluss von Elektrolyten auf das Potential zu untersuchen, führten zu dem Ergebnis, dass beide Zellmembrane der proximalen Tubulizellen (peritubuläre und luminäre Membran) für Kalium-Ionen mehr permeabel als Natrium und Chlorid sind. Nach Applikation von Salyrgan wurde keine Veränderung des transmembranen Potentials beobachtet, obwohl Salyrgan eine diuretische Wirkung zeigte.View full abstractDownload PDF (949K) -
MASAO NISHIYAMA, ISAO SONO, TAKIO MIWA, JOFU KOKUBU, KIICHIRO FUJII, K ...1961 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 72-76
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: March 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo seek for the toxic substances in rotten fish which induce vomiting and diarrhea, experiments were carried out with putrescine, agmatine, neurine and tyramine. The following results were obtained :
1. Agmatine and tyramine have no effect on the serosa of the excised intestine of a guinea pig, but 1 mg/ml × 1/50 of neurine induces a contraction of the intestine, and 1 μg/ml × 1/50 of putrescine likewise induces a contraction.
2. Putrescine, agmatine and tyramine have no effect on the mucosa of the intestine in vivo, but 10 mg/ml of neurine induces a contraction.
3. When each amine is combined with histamine, agmatine is synergistic to the latter by sensibilization; neurine additionally synergistic, while tyramine antagonistic to it. Putrescine does not act on the intestine.View full abstractDownload PDF (581K)
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