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Volume 16 (1966)
- Issue 4 Pages 327-
- Issue 3 Pages 229-
- Issue 2 Pages 131-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 16, Issue 4
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
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MORIO KANNO1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 327-337
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author (1) previously reported that thiamine alkyl disulfides such as tetrahydrofurfuryl and propyl derivatives of thiamine, exerted a positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects on the isolated, spontaneously beating atria of the guinea pig. Nakazawa and Ueno (2) pointed out that thiamine alkyl disulfides produced a positive inotropic action by a hitherto unknown mechanism. The importance of the relation of the time interval between contractions to the strength of contraction of heart muscle was supported in the numerous papers discussed in a review by Koch-Weser and Blinks (13). It was also demonstrated (4-10) that the drugs with inotropic effects on the heart, modified the interval-strength relationship of heart muscle. Kruta (11) pointed out that the interval-strength relationship gives a clue for the understanding of the mechanism of inotropic action of drugs. The present studies were undertaken to analyze the positive inotropic effect of thiamine alkyl disulfides with particular emphasis on the effect of the drug on the frequency-tension relationship (4, 8, 12), post-stimulation potentiation (13) and post-extrasystolic potentiation (14, 15) which are encompassed in the interval-strength relationship.View full abstractDownload PDF (668K) -
B.N. DHAWAN, A. AHMAD1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 338-341
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStrom and Coffman (1) found that aspirin produced a significant reduction in peripheral blood flow responses to i.v. epinephrine and nor-epinephrine in human beings. Hashimoto et al. (2) studied the effect of sodium salicylate on reflex vascular responses to dimethylamino prophy-tetrahydro-azaazepino phenothiazine (RPP201), andromedotoxin, veratridine, bradykinin and kallikrein injected in the femoral or renal artery of the isolated hindlimb or kidney preparation perfused by cross-circulation. Sodium salicylate abolished completely the pressor response to RPP201, andromedotoxin, veratridine, bradykinin or kallikrein. The depressor response to the last two agents was, however, unaffected. Anticholinergic, antiadrenergic, antihistaminic, antiserotonin and neuromuscular or ganglion-blocking agents did not influence the reflex vascular response. Since salicylates are used as anti-inflamatory and anti-rheumatic agents, an action on the blood vessels may be of significance in the mechanism of this effect. Hence it was thought of interest to study the effect of salicylates on responses to certain other pressor and depressor agents. The results obtained are reported in this communication. A preliminary report of the work has been presented [Ahmad and Dhawan (3)].View full abstractDownload PDF (247K) -
YOSHITOSHI KASE, AKIYOSHI KAWASAKI, TAKESHI MIYATA, TATSUMI TSUMAGARI, ...1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 342-352
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe drug is a synthetic antitussive, which was developed by Laboratoires de Recherches Mauvernay in France, having the following chemical structure. No formal report has been out yet, but it is said that the antitussive activity of the drug is as potent as that of codeine. It is the purpose of this paper to investigate its antitussive action especially its site of action and other pharmacological properties associated with the main effect.View full abstractDownload PDF (711K) -
RENPEI NAGASHIMA, NOBORU TAKANO, MASAAKI TAMURA, AKITOSHI SHIOYA1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 353-367
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn the pharmacological investigation of quinolizidine derivatives, it was discovered that one of them had marked oxytocic activity. The chemical struture of this compound [3-(p-chlorobenzyl) quinolizidine tartarate; QB-1] is as follows: This compound was synthesized by Matsuo et al. (1). It is a colorless crystal consisting of two isomers, isomer A (m.p. 98-103°C) and isomer B (m.p. 93-96°C). The ratio of isomer A to isomer B is 6: 4. The present paper describes oxytocic activity of QB-1 together with other pharmacological properties.View full abstractDownload PDF (839K) -
TETSUJI KIBA1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 368-379
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA reduction in the contractile force of heart muscle by barbiturate has been shown in vitro as well as in the heart-lung preparation of the dog. The effects of barbiturates on the excitable cell membrane have been studied in peripheral nerve as well as in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Measurements obtained by means of intracellular microelectrode in isolated frog sartorius muscle show a decrease in the amplitude and rate of rise of the action potential when the muscle is bathed in solutions of pentobarbital. The changes in the action potential have been ascribed to an inactivation of sodium carrier mechanism, with a resulting reduction in the selective sodium conductance change during the action potential [Thesleff (1)]. The exposure of cardiac muscle to pentobarbital has been shown to shorten the early phase and to slow the late phase of repolarization. Pentobarbital treatment of the ventricular strip of rabbit heart has been shown by Daniel et al. (2) to decrease both the gain of sodium and the loss of potassium. Daniel et al. (3) also have demonstrated the antagonism between pentobarbital and noradrenaline in both the intact dog and the heart-lung preparation. The introduction of beta-adrenergic blocking agents has received particular attention in regard to the adrenergic receptor mechanism of the heart. In the present experiments attempt has been made to elucidate the role of the adrenergic alpha- and beta-receptor mechanism on the transmembrane potential of the rabbit's atria by observing the interaction between barbiturates (pentobarbital and thiopental) and catecholamines (noradrenaline, adrenaline and isopropylnoradrenaline).View full abstractDownload PDF (844K) -
RYUICHI KATO, MICHIKO TAKAYANAGHI1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 380-390
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe administration of phenobarbital, phenaglycodol, glutethimide, chlorcyclizine, chlorpromazine or other different kinds of drugs induce an increase in the activities of drug-metabolizing enzyme system of liver microsome (1-3). Moreover, the administration of caricnogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons, such as 20-methylcholanthrene or 3, 4-benzopyrene also induce an increase in the activities of drug-metabolizing enzyme systems of liver microsome (4, 5), however, the enzyme systems stimulated by methylcholanthrene or benzopyrene are apparently different from which stimulated by phenobarbital (4, 6, 7). On the other hand, Brodie et al. demonstrated that the liver microsomes from male rats metabolized hexobarbital more rapidly than the liver microsomes from female rats did and the castration of male rats abolished the sex difference and the administration of teststerone restored the sex difference. Moreover, Kato et al. demonstrated that synthetic anabolic hormone, such as 4-chlorteststerone increased activities of strychnine on carisoprodol metabolizing enzymes of liver microsomes of castrated male and female rats (8, 9). However, Kato et al. observed that the single injection of phenobarbital or methylcholanthrene increased the activities of the drug-metabolizing enzyme system of liver microsomes already within 24 hours after the administration, while single injection of teststerone did not increase the activities of the enzyme systems and the activities were increased after successive injection of 4-5 days (10). Furthermore, Kato and Gilllette observed that the sex difference in the metabolism of drugs by liver microsomal enzymes was not observed in all of the enzyme systems, and some enzyme systems had no clear sex difference (11). These results indicate that the action of phenobarbital, methylcholanthrene and male sex hormone on microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme systems of rat liver is likely different. The purpose of present communication is to elucidate these differences.View full abstractDownload PDF (710K) -
HIROSHI NAKATANI1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 391-401
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the course of an investigation on cholesterol-lowering agents a number of linoleic acid and related polyunsaturated fatty acid amide derivatives have been synthesized in this Research Department and the screening study has been made on cholesterol metabolism in experimental animals. As a result of tests, it was found that N-cyclohexyl linoleamide showed a remarkable cholesterol-lowering effect in the mouse. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the effect of this compound in rabbits, a species susceptible to atherosclerosis, and compare its effect with those of linoleic acid, ethyl linoleate and safflower oil in order to elucidate differences of action between these fatty acids, ester or glycerides and the new derivative, N-cyclohexyl linoleamide. And an attempt was also made to investigate the cholesterol-lowering effects of N-cyclohexyl stearamide, a derivative of saturated fatty acid having the same length of carbon chain as linoleic acid, and the amide derivative of safflower oil fatty acids which contained about 25% of oleic acid, palmitic acid and other fatty acids besides the main component, linoleic acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (778K) -
IWAO YAMAMOTO, KIHEI OTORI, REIZO INOKI1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 402-415
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany reports have hitherto been referred to nicotine-induced convulsions and death, and to the antagonistic effects of various drugs on them. Ganglion blocking agents (1-4), anticholinergic agents (3, 5-7), neuromuscular blocking agents (8, 10, 12), local anesthetics (7-10), some vitamins (8, 13), central depressants (6, 14-16), tranquilizers (6, 17) and some drugs belonging to other groups have been studied as to the protective properties from nicotine-induced convulsions and death. It is, however, difficult to draw an ultimate conclusion what the best antidote to nicotine is and how these drugs antagonize the actions of nicotine. Yamamoto and coworkers have reported the pharmacological studies on nicotine from the standpoints of toxicology and metabolism (18-24) and have demonstrated that thiamine was an interesting antagonist to nicotine, because of the inhibition to nicotine-induced convulsions and death, antidiuretic action and ganglion stimulating action etc. (24). The present experiment was intended to perform a statistical analysis to the antagonistic effects of various drugs on nicotine-induced convulsions and death in mice.View full abstractDownload PDF (739K) -
YOSHIHISA NAKAI, MASASHI SASA, SHUJI TAKAORI1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 416-422
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper (1-4), we have been able to demonstrate systematically the relationship between the cortical auditory responses evoked by clicks and the level of consciousness in the acute encéphale isolé preparations of cat. Furthermore, the effects of several central depressants on the evoked responses in the central auditory system caused by single and repetitive click stimuli have been studied in the acute preparations. Although the auditory responses in unanesthetized, unrestrained animals have been observed by several investigators (5-9), influence of the central depressants on these responses is not fully elucidated. In the present report, we have designed to compare the effects of central depressants on the cortical evoked responses caused by clicks in unrestrained chronic preparations of cat with those in acute ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (377K) -
HIDEAKI KARAKI, NORIMOTO URAKAWA, MIYOSHI IKEDA1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 423-437
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was reported that high-potassium (K) solution produced a contracture (K-induced contracture) in the guinea pig taenia coli, and the tension development in the muscle depolarized with high-K was dependent on calcium (1, 2), and that 45Ca uptake and exchangeable fraction of cellular Ca increased with high-K (2). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that K-induced contracture was composed of phasic and tonic phases and was proposed that in the phasic contraction, sufficient calcium was released from a cellular site to initiate contraction, whereas in the tonic contraction, enough calcium crossed the membrane to initiate it and that the transmembrane calcium transport involved in the latter response was dependent on metabolism (3). On the basis of these results, the role of metabolism in the K-induced contracture of taenia coli was examined by the use of various metabolic intermediates, inhibitors of metabolism and active transport, revealing that the factors such as substrate removal, a decrease of temperature, DNP, ouabain and a substitution of external sodium chloride with lithium chloride abolished the tonic response whereas the same factors had little or no effect on the phasic response. Hence it was considered that the phasic response was a passive process, while the tonic contraction was an active one depending on metabolism and possibly linked to active Na transport (4). This consideration was also supported by the electrophysiological experiments (5). In the present paper, further evidence was obtained concerning to the influences of the physiological components in the external media, that is, magnesium chloride (MgCl2), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) on the K-induced tension development of taenia coli.View full abstractDownload PDF (962K) -
SHIGERU YAMABE1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 438-442
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in the visible absorption spectra of dyes due to binding with polyelectrolytes of high molecular weight are known as metachromasy and have been extensively studied. Recent advances in metachromasy have been summarized in several reviews (1-3). It is also known that metachromasy due to binding with proteins is generally weak but occurs with both acidic and basic dyes. Methyl orange (MO) and bromocresol green (BCG) as acidic dyes and toluidine blue and acridine orange as basic dyes have often been used in studies of metachromasy. As pointed out by Klotz (4), the addition of a suitable organic acid to a solution of an MO- or azosulfathiazole-protein complex reversed the effect of protein on the spectrum. This reversal of metachromasy is considered to be due to the fact that the organic acid anion displaces the dye anion from the binding sites on the protein molecule. Thus it seems likely that the competitive ability of an organic acid against an acidic dye should be a measure of the strength of its binding with the protein molecule and in fact this has been confirmed by equilibrium dialysis binding studies. In the present work the metachromasy of BCG with bovine serum albumin was chosen for study, since BCG was tightly bound to albumin and a relatively great spectral change was produced, as has been shown by Rodkey (5) and others (6). p-Aminosalicylic acid (PAS) is an important antituberculous agent but its activity is known to be greatly decreased in the presence of serum albumin. This indicates a high affinity of PAS for serum albumin. In this work the competitive ability of PAS was compared with those of benzoic acid (BA), salicylic acid (SA) and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) by spectrophotometry and information was obtained about the binding sites of PAS on the serum albumin molecule. This information is suggestive for the structure of a suitable PAS derivative with antituberculous activity but less protein binding activity. Accordingly a new and more efficient antituberculous compound, aminobenzyl PAS is proposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (244K) -
SHOJI TSUTSUMI, KAZUHITO NAKAI, HIROSHI NAKAMURA1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 443-450
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was previously reported by the authors (1) that, in a normal rat with daily administration of 100 mg/kg borneol and intraperitoneal injection of 400 mg/kg glucuronolactone for the period of 13 days, the amounts of total glucuronic acid, of o-glucuronide and of l-ascorbic acid excreted in rat's urine, increased significantly, and that, in a bilaterally adrenalectomized rat administrated daily with the above noted drugs for the same period, these amount did not increase so much as in normal animal. Based on our investigations that borneol-glucuronide formation was inhibited by bilateral adrenalectomy, we may assume, that adrenals are related to glucuronide formation in a living body. It was already been investigated that a lot of hormone are excreted from adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex. There are adrenaline and noradrenaline as a main hormone excreted from adrenal medulla; and there are glucocorticoid including corticosterone, 17-hydroxycorticosterone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone and 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone and mineral corticoid including 11-desoxycorticosterone, 17-hydroxy-11-desoxycorticosterone and aldosterone, as a main hormone of adrenal cortex. That these hormones have respectively different effects on glucuronide formation is suggested from their own different actions. In the present investigations, the authors tried to ascertain the effect of adrenohypophyseal hormones on glucuronic acid metabolism. Adrenaline, 17-hydroxy-11-desoxycorticosterone (cortisone), 11-desoxycorticosterone (DOC) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) which has direct influences on adrenal hormone were chosen and the changes in the amounts of total glucuronic acid, o-glucuronide and ascorbic acid in urine were examined after the administration of above drugs to a normal and a bilaterally adrenalectomized rat.View full abstractDownload PDF (361K) -
SHUNJI KOZAWA, KATSUMI NAITO1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 451-477
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA wide study, extending even to analysis in homogenates and subcellular fractions, is now being made in order to elucidate the exact mechanism of linkage between active cation transport and metabolism. Many wonderful achievements and hypotheses seem to have been published; nevertheless, the exact mechanism is still obscure. The fact that separated mammalian cerebral tissues, suitably maintained in vitro, show remarkable metabolic responses to adequate electrical stimulation has been explored mainly by McIlwain and his colleagues. Their comprehensive studies concerning this phenomenon have led to many valuable findings, and that concerning ganglioside may be especially excellent (1-3). However, at the present stage, it cannot be said that the biochemical origin of these metabolic responses and its physiological roles are clear. In addition, except for their achievement, other achievements along this line are still very few and some differences in the results also can be observed. From the point of view of the present studies concerning active transport and metabolism, there is even more of a necessity for studies along this line. Therefore, we have taken a somewhat different experimental procedure to manifest the role of external sodium in metabolism of separated mammalian cerebral cortical tissue in both the presence and absence of electrical stimulation in correlation to the effects of potassium and calcium.View full abstractDownload PDF (2113K) -
HIROSHI TAKAGI, ISAMI KURUMA1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 478-479
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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MUNEKAZU GEMBA, KENJIRO YAMAMOTO, JURO UEDA1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 479-481
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (172K) -
TOSHIYA INUKAI, HIROSHI TAKAGI1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 481-482
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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HIROSHI TAKAGI, MOTOTAKA NAKAMA1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 483-484
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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AKIRA SAKUMA, SACHIKO OH-ISHI1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 485-486
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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KENJI SUZUKI, KENICHI SASAKI, TSUTOMU KAMEYAMA1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 486-488
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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YASUSHI ABIKO, GENSHICHI ITO1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 488-490
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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FUMINORI SAKAI, MASAO TADOKORO, ISAO YAMAGUCHI1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 490-491
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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FUMINORI SAKAI, MASAO TADOKORO1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 491-492
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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FUMINORI SAKAI, MASAO TADOKORO, ISAO YAMAGUCHI1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 492
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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MOTOHATSU FUJIWARA, TAKASHI MURYOBAYASHI, KIRO SHIMAMOTO1966 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 493-494
Published: December 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (95K)
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