All issues
Volume 3, Issue 2
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
HIROSHI MAYEDA1954 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 73-81
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous report (1), some evidences were given for the release of histamine in plasma and thoracic lymph of a dog in an amount that would be substantially adequate to account for the degree of vascular reaction caused by the intravenous injection of sinomenine in this animal. The present series of experiments were undertaken in order to find from which organ these amounts of histamine had been derived. Since it is already known that in dogs, the majority of histamine released by peptone (2), certain specific histamine releasers including trypanocidal aromatic diamidines (3), and the antigen in anaphylaxis (4, 5), originate in the liver which is assumed to be the shock organ of this animal, actions of peptone were used as the control throughout the present experiments. In part of the present experiments, cats also were used in which the histamine liberation by the above-mentioned releasers is known to occur, not in the liver (6, 7) but in the skin or muscles (3).View full abstractDownload PDF (428K) -
KANAME KURIAKI, IKKO HARAGUCHI1954 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 82-86
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNow that the modern effective drugs like cortison and ACTH are available for treatment of the rheumatic disorders, salicylates and cinchophen which were the most effective drugs for these disorders before their appearance have been turned in the background. However, their effect is so specific that they were used even for the diagnosis of the rheumatism, although their mechanism of action was not clarified. We thought the pituitary-adrenal system may be involved in this activity of salicylates and cinchophen, and they may act through release of cortison and other hormones from the adrenal cortex. Therefore, we studied changes of the number of circulating eosinophils, urinary excretion of the reducing steroids, and creatinine-uric acid ratio of the urine, following administration of salicylates and cinchophen in normal and adreralectomized rats. Their relation could finally be established as the results of these researches. However, we have found out later that the same question on the effect of salicylates was also posed by another researchers independently. Namely, Blanchard and coworkers(1), Hetzel and Hine(2) and Cronin and King(3) studied specific effect of salicylates on the adrenal-pituitary system by using the ascorbic acid content of rat adrenals as indicator, and found that the salicylate reduced the ascorbic acid content considerably in normal rats but not in hypophysectomized ones. Van Cauwenberge(4), Bertolani and coworkers(5) and Van Cauwenberge and Heusghem(6) demonstrated reduction of circulating eosinophils and increased urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids following administration of salicylate. Nevertheless, we want to report our data in the present paper, because there are some difference in ways of experiments and the action of cinchophen was studied besides that of salicylate.View full abstractDownload PDF (222K) -
YASUNAO OGAWA1954 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 87-98
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the experimental detection of urinary increase by diuretics, dogs and rabbits have chiefly been used, and in some cases, cats, rats, and frogs were also employed. However, none o f these methods have given satisfactory results. Rabbits are most frequently used, but the experimental results obtained lack accuracy. The use of anesthesia and other procedures are likely to affect water metabolism, as was pointed out by Bonsmann (1) and Marx (2). It has been assumed that an experiment, using a dog, is the most suitable (3).' However, the series of reports by Bonsmann (4) is noteworthy in that it has pointed out that in examining diuretic actions the most accurate results from a larger number of experimental animals are obtained by using mice simply and economically.
In 1930, Gibbs (5) experimented the inhibitive action of pituitarins on urination with mice, but did not reach any quantitative determination. Glaubach and Molitor (6) compared a dog, a rat, and a mousy as experimental animals for the examination of the inhibitive action of posterior pituitary substances against urination, and obtained approximately similar results from each of the three. After 1934, Bonsmann and others, carried out experiments with groups of mice, several in a group, in order to decrease individual differences, as against the experiments of Gibbs ahd Glaubach, which were made with an individual mouse. Bonsmann gave the following points as the characteristics of diuretic experiments using mice:
1) An experimental animal need not be fixed, and can be observed under natural conditions of urination.
2) Experiments can be carried out on a large number of animals, thereby decreasing individual differences and obtaining more accurate results.
3) It is more advantageous in finding the relationship between lethal and effective doses.
4) Experiments can be carried out simply and economically.
However, Bonsmann adopted the method of determining the amout of urination when forced, by suppression of the bladder in an individual mouse of a group at a definite period (approximately 4 hours), and measuring the total amount. The present experiments were undertaken on the assumption that more accurate experimental results would probably be obtained by following the periodical amount of urination of mice in a natural state.View full abstractDownload PDF (461K) -
YASUO YOKOI1954 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 99-111
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStrikingly rapid toxic symptoms of organic thiocyanates were repeatedly observed in various kinds of animals by Traubmann (1930)(1), von Oettingen et al. (1936)(2), Cameron et al. (1939)(3), Ohashi and Kimizuka (1947)(4), though not confirmed by Moriki (1936)(5). Such a violent action as above, however, can not be expected in regard to inorganic thiocyanates, such as KSCN, clinically available as a sedative or a blood pressure depressant.
The SCN radical has a close similarity in its chemical property to halogens, which may be named “pseudohalogen”. Then, Traubmann naturally presupposed an ethyl chloride C2H5Cl-like narcotic action as a pharmacological property of alkyl thiocyanates, i.e. methyl thiocyanate CH3SCN, ethyl thiocyanate C2H5SCN, or propyl thiocyanate C3H7SCN. But it was found that the animals poisoned either by these alkyl thiocyanates or by aromatic thiocyanates (phenyl thiocyanate C6H5SCN and aniline thiocyanate NH2C6H4SCN) caused respiratory excitement and convulsions. Thus he came to a postulation for the toxic particularity of organic thiocyanates.
Von Oettingen and others noticed the following phenomena: hyperemia, hemorrhage and edema in internal organs, when animals succumbed to the acute poisoning by lower alkyl thiocyanates, respiratory excitement and a rise in blood pressure when methyl or ethyl thiocyanate was administered subcutaneously; appearance of a AgNO3-consuming substance in vitro when these thiocyanates were placed for 48 hours with pieces of liver. These observations gave the impression that hydrocyanic acid might be liberated from methyl and ethyl thiocyanates in living animals.
In order to scrutinize more carefully the above-mentioned assumption, the present study was designed with six compounds of organic thiocyanates* as listed in Table 1.View full abstractDownload PDF (501K) -
MICHIO TANIKAWA1954 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 112-117
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn studying “the inhibitory action of procaine upon the reflex-bradycardia*, ” it was found to be necessary to make more detailed observation on the changes in the heart rate after procaine itself. Krause(1) reported recently that novocaine injected intravenously on dogs usually produced an increase of heart rate with a rise of blood pressure which continued from 2 to 15 minutes. The author's results on cats however did not fully agree with him. The heart rate was sometimes increased and at other times decreased. The mode of the change seemed to vary largely according to either the dose of procaine or the individual of the cat, and the present study was undertaken previously.View full abstractDownload PDF (242K) -
MICHIO TANIKAWA1954 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 118-128
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (472K) -
SHOJIRO TAKENAKA1954 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 129-148
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (946K) -
REPORT NO. 2 MECHANISM OF THE APPEARANCE OF TREMOR DUE TO EXTRAPYRAMIDAL POISONSSABURO HARA, KAZUHIKO KAWAMORI1954 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 149-156
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (367K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|