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Volume 8, Issue 2
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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REIJI IMAIZUMI, KIYOSHI OMORI, ATSUSHI UNOKI, KAORU SANO, YASUO WATARI ...1959 Volume 8 Issue 2 Pages 87-95
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
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KANAME KURIAKI, HIROKAZU MARUMO1959 Volume 8 Issue 2 Pages 96-100
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSβ-Diethylaminoethyldiphenylpropylacetate (SKF 525-A), the typical potent potentiator newly discovered, enhances without having any action for itself, the pharmacological actions of hypnotics, analgesics, central excitants and others (1, 2). As for its mechanism of action, depression of the side chain oxidation, hydroxilation, splitting of ether linkage, dealkylation and deamination in the organism have been reported (3-6). However, there is as yet no report on its effect on acetylation, another important reaction of detoxication.
Caronamide, the penicillin potentiator, and benemid (probenecid), the potentiator of penicillin, p-aminosalicylate and diodrast and the accelerator of the uric acid excretion, compete with these remedies for coenzyme-A, thus depressing the enzyme system of the renal tubules in charge of excreting organic substances and consequently delaying excretion of the remedies (7). Salicylate and aspirin act similarly, and prolong the duration of action of penicillin and barbital (8).
The essential component of acetylation is also the coenzyme-A. With energy supplied by adenosine triphosphate and the catalysis of transacetylases, coenzyme-A first combines with acetate or citrate to produce acetylcoenzyme-A, which then performs acetylation of sulfonamide, choline and other substances with the help of acetokinases (9-11).
We thought, therefore, it worthwhile to study the effects of these potentiators on the bioacetylation of choline and sulfanilamide. At the same time, their effects on cholinesterase which splits and detoxifies acetylcholine have been investigated.View full abstractDownload PDF (209K) -
I. ACCUMULATION OF p-AMINOHIPPURATE BY KIDNEY SLICESTETSUO KOISHI1959 Volume 8 Issue 2 Pages 101-123
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
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II. EFFECT OF CERTAIN REAGENTS ON ACCUMULATION OF P-AMINOHIPPURATE BY KIDNEY SLICESTETSUO KOISHI1959 Volume 8 Issue 2 Pages 124-133
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
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I. VENTRICULAR MUSCLE FIBERSMOTOHATSU MATSUMURA, SHUJI TAKAORI1959 Volume 8 Issue 2 Pages 134-142
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe application of the intracellular microelectrode, of the type developed by Ling and Gerard (1). to single cells has provided many new ways for investigation and supplied information otherwise unobtainable. This technique also has been applied to studies on the excitability of the heart by numerous workers, and Brooks et al. (2), Weidmann (3), Hecht (4) and Matsuda et al. (5) have presented reviews on these studies.
In our previous paper (6), the effects of veratrine, aconitine, guanidine, quinine etc. on the membrane activities of the toad sartorius muscle with an intracellular recording electrode were reported.
The present experiments have been designed to determine the mode of action of drugs, such as acetylcholine. epinephrine, cardiac glycosides, antiarrhythmic agents, veratrine, chelating agents etc. on the membrane potentials of the rabbit ventricular muscle by means of the intracellular microelectrode.View full abstractDownload PDF (344K) -
II. AURICULAR MUSCLE FIBERS AND THE SINOATRIAL NODEMOTOHATSU MATSUMURA, SHUJI TAKAORI1959 Volume 8 Issue 2 Pages 143-154
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the ultramicroelectrode method developed by Ling and Gerard (1), Trautwein et al. (2) and Coraboeuf and Weidmann (3) have recorded slow diastolic depolarization from the pacemaker areas in isolated Purkinje fibers displaying spontaneous beats. Such electrical patterns of spontaneous activity have subsequently been recorded from all cardiac pacemakers studied by the intracellular microelectrode method. It is believed that the slow diastolic depolarization is responsible for the intrinsic rhythmicity of the sinus venosus of the frog heart (4-7), the sinus venosus of the turtle heart (8), the sinoatrial node of the rabbit heart (9), ectopic atrial pacemakers in the dog heart (10) and Purkinje fiber pacemakers from different mammals (2, 3, 11-14).
Observations on the effects of drugs on pacemaker areas of single cardiac muscle fibers would greatly contribute to the clarification of their action to a degree hitherto unattainable by conventional method, but until recently there have been very few reports regarding the effect of drugs on the intracellulary recorded membrane potentials of pacemaker areas. West et al. (9, 15) described the use of the ultramicroelectrode technique in localizing and recording from the sinoatrial node of the rabbit atria, and recorded the change in configuration of the pacemaker potentials as a result of rate modification either by acetylcholine or epinephrine.
The present report was designed to record the changes in configuration of the pacemaker potentials in the sinoatrial node of the isolated spontaneously beating rabbit atria after the application of a chelating agent, aconitine and antiarrhythmic agents.View full abstractDownload PDF (740K) -
MASAO MORITA, MOTOHIRO YASUHARA, TOSHIKO KIMURA, CHIEKO ITO, NORIKO KI ...1959 Volume 8 Issue 2 Pages 155-164
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConcerning the mechanism of action of strychnine on the central nervous system, Dusser de Barenne (1) and others have made various reports. Recently Bradley et al. (2) and Eccles (3) observing strychnine suppresses the direct inhibitory action and depresses the polysynaptic inhibition in the spinal cord through electrophysiological studies have expressed a new opinion that this is related to the mode of central excitatory action of strychnine.
Morita et al. (4) caught the muscle discharge originating in Golgi's tendon organ. which has been considered to be inhibitory on motoneuron in the spinal cord. Next, Takeuchi (5), one of our colleagues investigated the effects of ether, barbiturate and myanesin on this discharge and other spinal reflex discharges and Kimura (6) that of chlorpromazine on these muscle discharges. We have been able to observe two or three discharges at the same time when the same methods as described in the previous reports were used. Accordingly, we have considered it significant to investigate the mechanism of strychnine action on the spinal cord in the electromyography of rabbit's hindlimb.
It was found by Shaw et al. (7) that megimide (β-β-ethyl-methyl glutarimide) has an antagonism towards barbiturates, and Cass (8) comparing megimide with picrotoxin or pentylenetetrazol to its potency of antagonistic action against barbiturates, concluded that megimide is more effective barbiturate antagonist than these analeptics. It has generally been said that such medullary stimulants have different loci of action from that of strychnine and though strychnine produces predominant responses by the functional changes of neuron in the spinal cord, on the contrary, medullary stimulants have strong action at a higher center than the spinal level. Therefore, the authors studying the comparative effect of strychnine and megimide on spinal reflex activities, have tried to discover the difference in spinal action of these two drugs.View full abstractDownload PDF (843K) -
KENDO ARIMA, KANAME KURIAKI1959 Volume 8 Issue 2 Pages 165-169
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReabsorption of the sodium ion at the renal tubules is the main mechanism for maintaining appropriate water content of the body, and it is finely controlled by vasopressin and pituitary-adrenal hormones. Also, the kidney contains an appreciable amount of carbonic anhydrase which catalyzes exchange of H+ with Na+ in the tubules, and diamox, the potent inhibitor of this enzyme, is used as diuretic. This makes it interesting to study on possible regulatory function of vasopressin and pituitary-adrenal system on the carbonic anhydrase activity. Here will be reported our results of experiments on effect of desoxycorticosterone and alrenalectomy on the enzyme activity and diuresis.
As substances impeding renal excretion of other drugs competitively, there are caronamide and benemid. They are used clinically as potentiators of penicillin and other drugs. SKF No. 525-A is a recently developed potentiator of mainly centrally acting drugs. They have been also studied as for their action on renal carbonic anhydrase and electrolyte excretion.View full abstractDownload PDF (237K) -
KANAME KURIAKI, IUKO WADA1959 Volume 8 Issue 2 Pages 170-172
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a previous paper (1), we have reported our studies on effect of the poison of globefish, tetrodotoxin, on dehydrogenase, yellow enzyme, cytochrome-c-oxidase, cholinesterase and choline acetylase, in an attempt to clarify the mechanism of toxic action of the poison. This time, we have investigated effect of the poison on the glucose uptake and glycogenesis of the isolated diaphragm of the rat. Comparison of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine was also performed as for their action on this process.View full abstractDownload PDF (107K) -
KIRO SHIMAMOTO, SUSUMU OYAIZU1959 Volume 8 Issue 2 Pages 173-180
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough it is generally accepted that the level of the systemic blood pressure is regulated centrally, the mode of the regulation or the mechanism of the regulation still remains to be settled. In many of the experiments concerned with the above-mentioned central regulation, electrical stimulation and destruction of the various nuclei or the nerve tracts in the brain, as well as the administration of drugs which stimulate or depress the central nervous system, have been studied. The responses of the blood pressure to the above-mentioned procedures in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, pons and medulla oblongata are reported in the literature, but very little attention has been paid in the past to the response of the thalamus or to the interrelation of this area to the hypothalamic autonomic centre. Moreover, the physiological significance of the blood pressure responses are merely interpreted as the localization of the sympathetic or parasympathetic regulation.
All sensory tracts, except the olfactory, are interrupted by a synapse in the thalamus or the diencephalon before coming to the cerebral cortex. However, the physiological significance of the thalamic nuclei in the rabbit is not fully known. Head (1) believed that the thalamus subserves the affective site of sensation and therefore of pain, which is a strongly affective experience. Affectivity is considered as a primitive function, which, in the course of evolution, remained at a thalamic level despite development of the cerebral cortex. The so-called sham-rage or angry behavior as used by Bard (2), which is caused by prolonged stimulation of the hypothalamic nuclei in the cat, always reveals an autonomic manifestation, such as a rise of blood pressure or a dilatation of the pupils (3). The authors also observed a marked hypertensive response to stimulation of the thalamic nuclei in the rabbit, which was as strong as in the case of the hypothalamic or pontic nuclei and which could not be distinguished from these. Accordingly an attempt has been made to study the mechanism of why the thalamic affection does reveal such a marked hypothalamic manifestation.View full abstractDownload PDF (364K)
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