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Volume 18 (1968)
- Issue 4 Pages 373-
- Issue 3 Pages 281-
- Issue 2 Pages 139-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 18, Issue 3
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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M.A. MATIN, R. VIJAYVARGIYA1968 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 281-284
Published: September 01, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe central stimulatory actions of atropine causing excitement, tremors and hallucinations in high doses are well known. Giarman and Pepeu (1) showed that atropine and hyoscine reduced the total acetylcholine content of brain. Further it has been suggested that among certain cholinolytic hallucinogens (like atropine and hyoscine), the psychotomimetic activity may be linked with an alteration in the total acetylcholine level of brain (2, 3). It is also known that rabbits are resistant to the central psychotomimetic actions of atropine which are commonly seen in man and other experimental animals with high doses of these drugs. It was therefore considered worthwhile to examine the effect of atropine and hyoscine on the acetylcholine content of different parts of rabbit brain.View full abstractDownload PDF (191K) -
TAKASHI MURYOBAYASHI, JYO MORI, MOTOHATSU FUJIWARA, KIRO SHIMAMOTO1968 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 285-293
Published: September 01, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cervial vagus nerves of the mammalians are known to be composed of the following five, functionally different fibers: 1) general somatic afferent fibers, 2) general visceral afferent fibers, 3) specific visceral afferent fibers, 4) general visceral efferent fibers and 5) specific visceral efferent fibers (1). The general visceral efferent fibers originating from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in the medulla oblongata are regarded to be cholinergic in nature. But fluorescence histochemical studies showed that green-fluorescent noradrenaline terminals became visible in the part of this nucleus after giving 1-dopa to rats (2). Cholinergic impulses conducted in the vagus nerve give rise to the inhibition of cardiac rate and contractility, the relaxation of gastrointestinal sphincters and also to the increase of gastrointestinal motility and tone. However, since the demonstration by McEwen (3) that electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve to the isolated rabbit atria resulted in the increase in cardiac rate and contractility under the presence of hexamethonium, evidence to confirm the dual responses of the heart to vagal stimulation is accumulating in cats (4), rabbits (5-7) and guinea pigs (8) under various experimental conditions. Jellinek et al. (9) have shown that bilateral cervical vagosympathectomy results in a significant reduction of cardiac catecholamine if dogs survived surgery. The results are rather indicative of the contribution of the vagus nerves to retaining the endogenous noradrenaline in the heart. The demonstration by Hamberger and Norberg (10) that the pelvic nerve of the cat, known to be pure cholinergic in nature, contained the noradrenaline-fluorescent fibers stimulated the authors to perform the present experiments. The vagus nerve of the cat, readily separable from the cervical sympathetic nerve, and also the same nerve of the dog constituting the vagosympathicus were found to contain the noradrenali ne-fluorescent fibers.View full abstractDownload PDF (946K) -
NORIMOTO URAKAWA, HIDEAKI KARAKI, MIYOSHI IKEDA1968 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 294-298
Published: September 01, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has already been reported that 45Ca uptake and total Ca content of guinea pig taenia coli increased when 40 mM K was added hypertonically to the external medium (1, 2). However, the addition of high-K isotonically, that is, an appropriate concentration of external sodium replaced by potassium, to depolarize and/or contract smooth muscle preparations, is the method that is widely employed. We have reported (3) that in isotonic high-K medium, which contained less Na, smooth muscle of taenia coli showed a shape of contracture different to that shown in hypertonic 40 mM K medium, which contained normal concentration of Na. In the present paper, changes in 45Ca uptake and tissue Ca of guinea pig taenia coli in isotonic 152 mM K/Na deficient medium were studied and the results were compared with those in hypertonic 40 mM K medium.View full abstractDownload PDF (279K) -
TAKASHI MURYOBAYASHI, MOTOHATSU FUJIWARA, KIRO SHIMAMOTO1968 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 299-311
Published: September 01, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDepending upon the origin of the stimuli which signal the secretion of gastric juice, three distinct aspects of secretion have been elucidated: the cephalic, gastric and intestinal. The efferent cholinergic mechanism is involved in the cephalic phase of gastic secretion, because cutting of the vagi just above the stomach completely eliminates the secretion. On the other hand, participation of gastrin to the gastric phase of secretion and its chemical structure have recently been demonstrated (1). However, the gastric secretion mechanism is more complicated. It is possible that the intact cholinergic innervation (2) and the presence of endogenous monoamines in the gastric wall (3) are the prerequisite to the gastrin-induced gastric secretion. There are controversial reports regarding the effect of adrenergic stimuli on the gastric secretion (4-7). In the mucous membrane of the glandular portion of the rat stomach, dopa-decarboxylase activity is high (8), but the high activity is not explained by the number of mast cells (9) and adrenergic nerves (10, 11) in the gastric mucosa. The distribution of the enterochromaffin cells is also different from that of gastric dopa decarboxylase (8). Intraperitoneal injection of dopa or 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) to rats causes a marked increase in the concentration of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the gastric mucosa, and the amines are located to an enterochromaffin-like cell system in the pyloric part of the gastric mucosa (8). However, the physiological significance of the uptake and decarboxylation of dopa or 5-HT remains to be settled. In the present experiments the distribution of the endogenous monoamines in the structures of the gastric wall of the rat was studied using a formaldehyde fluorescence technique (12, 13). The temporal changes of the monoamine fluorescence were also followed in the course of formation of the gastric ulcers in the Shay rat and the restraint, cold-exposed rat.View full abstractDownload PDF (1099K) -
SETSUYA TAKEUCHI, YOSHIE INOUE1968 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 312-320
Published: September 01, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAntidiabetic action of the mesoxalates, since reported by Kobayashi et al. (1) and Kobayashi and Ohashi (2), has been widely acknowledged and some clinical investigators [Sakaguchi et al. (3), Kurokawa et al. (4), Takeda et al. (5), Kodama (6)] have published their observations on its therapeutical evaluation for the control of diabetic patients. It is noteworthy, however, that the mesoxalates could not be pharmacologically evidenced to show any blood sugar lowering effect in normal animals. On the other hand, Takeuchi (7) reported recently that some compounds possessing polycarbonyl radical in their chemical structure showed the similar effect on the glucose tolerance in rabbits with that of mesoxalates, and especially, the cyclic polycarbonyls such as trichinoyl or rhodizonic acid, were found to have the 100-fold potency when that of mesoxalates was evaluated 1 potency. According to his previous report (8), a new screening test for the mesoxalinic activity had to be established, since the mesoxalates was considered too weak to produce a hypoglycemia. The compounds, consequently, evaluated to have a strong activity by Takeuchi's method should be examined on their blood sugar lowering effect. The present communication describes the result of experiments on hypoglycemic activity of rhodizonate, trichinoyl and tetrahydroxyquinone.View full abstractDownload PDF (522K) -
YUKIO SAITO, YUTAKA SAKAI, MIYOSHI IKEDA, NORIMOTO URAKAWA1968 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 321-331
Published: September 01, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was reported that the tonic response of K-induced contracture in guinea pig taenia coli resulted possibly from a transmembrane transport of Ca and its transport depended on the aerobic breakdown of carbohydrate (1, 2). On the other hand, Bülbring (3) noted that an increase in tension of the muscle in taenia coli stimulated by acetylcholine or histamine is accompanied by a proportional increase in the rate of oxygen consumption. In the present paper, an apparatus to record simultaneously Po2 in the medium and muscle tension changes of taenia coli was devised, and a change in oxygen consumption during K-induced contracture in this smooth muscle was studied. Recently Bülbring and Golenhofen (4) devised an apparatus for simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption and both electrical and mechanical activity of isolated smooth muscle preparations. Notwithstanding similarities our apparatus was devised quite independent of their work (4), and some of the data obtained using our apparatus has already been published (5).View full abstractDownload PDF (586K) -
HIROFUMI SOKABE, SUSUMU MIZOGAMI, ATSUSHIGE SATO1968 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 332-343
Published: September 01, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe role of the renin-angiotensin system as an aldosterone stimulating factor in the mammal is well-established (1, 2). A high salt intake diminishes the demand to conserve sodium in the body, and the secretion of aldosterone is decreased by the control of renin-angiotensin system. Decreased renin activity on a high salt diet has been shown in the mammal (3-5). In 1942, Friedman, Kaplan, and Williams found the absence of renin in the kidney of marine fish, but detected it in the fresh water fish (6). If this be true, renin-angiotensin would play a role in salt adaptation of the fish. We kept Japanese eels in both fresh and sea water for 3 to 11 weeks, and determined the renin content of the kidney, to see if euryhalinity is controlled by renin in eels. We found a decrease in renin of those kept in sea water, and suggested that the renin-angiotensin system plays a part in salt adaptation (7). The purpose of this paper is to give details of these studies on Japanese eels and other euryhaline fishes adapted to sea water.View full abstractDownload PDF (985K) -
HIROKO ITOH, SHUJI TAKAORI1968 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 344-352
Published: September 01, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe exploratory behavior of rats has been available as a parameter to know the mode of action of centrally acting agents. Steinberg et al. (1) and Rushton et al. (2, 3) have found that the combined administration of amphetamine and barbiturate produces a marked increase in exploratory activities of naive rats placed into a symmetrical Y-shaped box, though the administration of either agent alone produces little or no increase. Marriott and Spencer (4) have studied the effects of major and minor tranquilizers and antidepressants on the exploratory behavior of rats placed in the same Y-shaped box. It is well-known that a novel environment evokes exploratory activities such as wandering about, rearing and sniffing in rats, and these activities are modified by psychological factors such as curiosity, anxiety and fear (5). Therefore, it is likely that the drug effects on the exploratory activities are influenced by degree of familiarity with the environment. The present experiment is an attempt to know the effects of several psychotropic agents on the exploratory behavior in the inexperienced rats which had never been placed in the Y-shaped box before, and in the experienced rats which have been placed in the box three or four times.View full abstractDownload PDF (552K) -
R.C. SAXENA, T.N. BHALLA1968 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 353-355
Published: September 01, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany of the anti-inflammatory agents have been shown to possess antipyretic activity viz. acetyl salicylic acid, ACTH and cortisone (1). Since glycyrrhetic acid and imipramine have been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity (2, 3), it was thought, therefore, worthwhile to investigate the antipyretic activity of these compounds.View full abstractDownload PDF (160K) -
RYUICHI KATO, TAKAO OSHIMA, SETSUO TOMIZAWA1968 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 356-366
Published: September 01, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was demonstrated that the toxicities of various drugs are often related to the rate of metabolism of the drugs and to the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes of liver microsomes (1-6). In a previous paper, it was briefly reported that the oxidation of pentobarbital, strychnine and meprobamate was markedly decreased in the immature female rats by the feeding on low protein diet or non-protein diet (7). The purpose of present study is to investigate the effect of high and low protein diet on the toxicities of various drugs in relation to the drug-metabolizing activities of liver microsomes, and to investigate whether the alternation in the drug-metabolizing activities may be correlated to the activities of microsomal NADPH-linked electron transport system. Since there are marked sex differences in the alternations in the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the rats under some unphysiological states, the effect of diets of different protein contents on the toxicity and metabolism of drugs was comparatively investigated in male and female rats (8-12).View full abstractDownload PDF (630K) -
NORIMOTO URAKAWA, MIYOSHI IKEDA, YUKIO SAITO, YUTAKA SAKAI1968 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 367-368
Published: September 01, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (125K) -
RYUICHI KATO, TAKAO OSHIMA1968 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 369-370
Published: September 01, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (129K) -
G. ACHARI, S.P. SINHA1968 Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 370-371
Published: September 01, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (134K)
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