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Volume 71 (1996)
- Issue 4 Pages 273-
- Issue 3 Pages 187-
- Issue 2 Pages 89-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 71
, Issue 1
Showing 1-10 articles out of 10 articles from the selected issue
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Shigeo Ito, Thomas B. Bolton1996 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
Published: 1996
Released: April 06, 2006
JOURNALS FREE ACCESSThe effects of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (InsP3) released from caged InsP3 by flash photolysis on free intracellular Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, and outward K+ current were simultaneously examined in a single smooth muscle cell of guinea pig small intestine using a patch pipette solution containing Indo-1 (0.1 mM), caged InsP3 (50 μM) and KCl (130 mM). At a holding potential of −50 mV, a depolarizing pulse to + 10 mV for 200 msec caused a transient Ca2+ current and an increase in [Ca2+]i. The amplitude of the Ca2+-transient was positively correlated with the peak Ca2+ current and negatively correlated with resting [Ca2+]i. InsP3 produced increases in [Ca2+]i and outward K+ current in most of the cells at −50 and −30 mV. The outward K+ current response reached a peak sooner and decayed more quickly than the Indo-1 signal. Both responses to InsP3 were resistant to the removal of extracellular Ca2+. The Ca2+-transient and outward K+ current responses to InsP3 at −30 mV were larger than those at −50 mV. The InsP3-induced Ca2+-transient was increased by increasing resting [Ca2+]i at −30 mV but not at −50 mV. These results suggest that InsP3-induced Ca2+ release from stores is potentiated by slight increases in [Ca2+]i via membrane depolarization.View full abstractDownload PDF (560K) -
Masataka Majima, Keiichi Adachi, Takashi Ohno, Michiko Ogino, Maki Sai ...1996 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 11-19
Published: 1996
Released: April 06, 2006
JOURNALS FREE ACCESSUrinary kallikrein excretion during oxytocin (OT) infusion were studied in anesthetized (sodium pentobarbital, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) young (4-weeks-old) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). OT-infusion (30 nmol/kg/30 min) to WKY significantly increased urinary excretion of the active kallikrein from the basal levels (25.4±5.6 10-2 × AU/15 min, n=5) to 37.3±5.0 10-2 × AU/ 15 min (P<0.05, n=5) and 50.7±17.1 10-2× AU/15 min (P<0.05, n=5) 15 and 30 min after the start of OT-infusion, respectively. In SHR, OT-infusion did not increase the urinary excretion of active kallikrein, but did decrease the urine volume and sodium excretion. The concentration of the active kallikrein in the kidney of WKY was not changed by OT-infusion, but that of SHR was slightly increased. The OTinfusion resulted in significantly higher concentrations of the active kallikrein in SHR kidney than in WKY kidney. These results suggest that less excretion of urinary kallikrein in SHR during OT-infusion may be attributable to a lower response in the secretion of kallikrein from the kidney.View full abstractDownload PDF (654K) -
Ikuko Kimura, Motonori Okabe, Masaru Ogasawara, Masayasu Kimura1996 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 21-27
Published: 1996
Released: April 06, 2006
JOURNALS FREE ACCESSWith flow cytometry, we investigated the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced competence in subcultured endothelial cells (EC) (4—9-passage) of rat thoracic aorta. The cell population in each phase of the cell cycle was determined by a double staining technique with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated mouse monoclonal antibody against the proliferation-associated nucleus antigen Ki-67 and propidium iodide for total DNA content. EC were cultured in medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 6 days. After serum-starvation for 2 days, the treatment with bFGF (3—10 ng/ml) for 12 hr promoted the entry of cells into the G1 phase from the G0 phase concentration-dependently. bFGF (10 ng/ml) increased the cell population in the G1 phase by 50% of the total EC, compared with the control culture without bFGF. A further 12—15-hr culture with 1% FBS after bFGF treatment promoted the entry of the cell into the S phase. Thus flow cytometric analysis demonstrates that bFGF stimulates the entry of EC into the G1 phase from the G0 phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (417K) -
Nobuhiro Inatomi, Fumihiko Sato, Shogo Marui, Zen Itoh, Satoshi Omura1996 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 29-38
Published: 1996
Released: April 06, 2006
JOURNALS FREE ACCESSThe motor-stimulating action of de(N-methyl)-N-isopropyl-8, 9-anhydroerythromycin A 6, 9-hemiacetal (EM574) on the upper gastrointestinal tract was studied in fasted conscious dogs using chronically implanted force transducers and compared with those of porcine motilin and cisapride. EM574 induced gastric phase III-like migrating contractions and increased the plasma motilin levels slightly. The gastric motility induced by low doses of EM574 and motilin was abolished by a 5HT3-receptor antagonist ondansetron and acute vagal blockade, whereas under these conditions, high doses of both agents induced contractions, which were abolished by atropine. Cisapride-induced gastric motility was inhibited by atropine and acute vagal blockade, but not by ondansetron. EM574 did not stimulate gastric secretion in the basal state. These results indicate that EM574 and motilin-induced gastrointestinal motility is attributable mainly to motor-stimulating vagal cholinergic neurons, and 5HT3-receptors are probably involved in the process. At high doses, EM574 and motilin also appear to stimulate cholinergic neurons in a non-vagal pathway, probably the enteric nervous system.View full abstractDownload PDF (651K) -
Jun Nagura, Chen Hui, Mikio Yamamoto, Sumie Yasuda, Mitsuhiro Abe, Mit ...1996 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 39-49
Published: 1996
Released: April 06, 2006
JOURNALS FREE ACCESSThe protective effects of ME3221, 3-met hoxy-2, 6-dimethyl-4-[[2''-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1, 1''-biphenyl-4-yl]methoxy] pyridine, on aged (32-week-old) stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were studied following long-term (for 8 months) oral administration. At a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, ME3221 suppressed the mortality and the hypertensive complications observed in control SHRSP: cerebral apoplexy (hemorrhage, and spongeform and malacia in the cerebral cortex), increased proteinuria, and total N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity, and cardiac hypertrophy and pleural effusion. The protective activity of ME3221, a surmountable angiotensin AT1-receptor antagonist, was comparable to losartan, an insurmountable AT1-antagonist, and also to enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. In addition, ME3221 reduced the systolic blood pressure more effectively than the two reference drugs.View full abstractDownload PDF (1359K) -
Norihiro Nagano, Yuji Imaizumi, Minoru Watanabe1996 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 51-60
Published: 1996
Released: April 06, 2006
JOURNALS FREE ACCESSEffects of quinacrine on voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel current (ICa) were examined using whole cell voltage clamp in single smooth muscle cells isolated from vas deferens and urinary bladder and single cardiac myocytes from ventricle of the guinea pig. When ICa was elicited by depolarization from a holding potential of −60 to 0 mV for 150 msec every 15 sec in vas deferens myocytes, external application of quinacrine reduced the amplitude of ICa in a concentration-dependent manner in a range of 0.1 ?? 30 μM, and the IC50 of quinacrine was 1.3 μM. The block was at least partly removed by washout. The block of ICa by 1 μM quinacrine in vas deferens myocytes greatly depended upon the activation potentials but only slightly on the holding potentials. Use-dependent development of the block was also observed. Addition of 300 μM quinacrine to the pipette-filling solution did not significantly affect ICa. The IC50 of quinacrine for ICa block in urinary bladder myocytes was 1.1 μM and comparable to that in vas deferens. On the other hand, IC50 for the block of ICa elicited by depolarization from −45 to 0 mV in cardiac ventricular myocytes was 5.6 μM. It is concluded that quinacrine is a potent blocker of L-type Ca2+ channels in two types of smooth muscle myocytes and that the potency appeared to be approximately five times higher than that in cardiac myocytes. The action of quinacrine may be due to the direct block of Ca2+ channels from outside of the cell membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (583K) -
Hiromi Tsushima, Mayumi Mori, Tomohiro Matsuda1996 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 61-71
Published: 1996
Released: April 06, 2006
JOURNALS FREE ACCESSWe examined the effects on urine outflow rate after microinjections of thiorphan (a carboxypeptidase inhibitor) and bestatin (an aminopeptidase inhibitor) into the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of anesthetized hydrated rats to determine the possible role of neuropeptides in the regulation of urine production. After individual microinjection of the peptidase inhibitors into the nuclei, only thiorphan at 100 nmol administered into the PVN significantly decreased the urine outflow rate. Two consecutive microinjections of the peptidase inhibitors at 100 nmol each into the nuclei induced potent antidiuresis. These effects after microinjections of the peptidase inhibitors into the PVN and SON were diminished by pretreatment with [Sar1, Ile8]angiotensin (ANG) II (an ANG II receptor antagonist) and naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist) in the PVN and with [Sar1, Ile8]ANG II in the SON, respectively. A vasopressin (AVP) receptor antagonist, d(CH2)5-D-Tyr(Et)VAVP (i.v.), completely blocked the antidiuresis by microinjections of the peptidase inhibitors into both the nuclei. Urinary osmotic pressure was significantly increased by consecutive microinjections of the peptidase inhibitors into the PVN and SON. These results suggest that endogenously-released ANG II and opioid peptides in the PVN and ANG II in the SON regulate urine production mediated through increased AVP release.View full abstractDownload PDF (766K) -
Hiromi Tsushima, Mayumi Mori, Tomohiro Matsuda1996 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 73-79
Published: 1996
Released: April 06, 2006
JOURNALS FREE ACCESSOur previous study has demonstrated that unilateral microinjection of norepinephrine (NE) into the right supraoptic nucleus (SON) of anesthetized hydrated rats elicited dose-dependent decreases in the urine outflow rate. This was antagonized by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine (an α-antagonist) and timolol (a β-antagonist) in the same SON. In the present study, we examined the effects of NE, microinjected into the right, left and bilateral SON, on the urine outflow rate in order to investigate neural connections between the bilateral SON. NE administered by those three routes dose-dependently decreased the urine outflow rate. The order for the antidiuretic potency was as follows: the effect elicited by the intrabilateral-SON microinjection > the intra-left-SON microinjection = the intra-right-SON microinjection. The antidiuresis of NE microinjected into the right SON was inhibited by an electrolytic left-SON lesion and by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine (20 nmol) and timolol (100 nmol), but not by atropine (300 nmol) in the left SON. These findings suggest adrenergic neural connections from the right to left SON, contributing to the regulation of urine production. Furthermore, there is a possibility that stimulation of endogenously-released NE in the bilateral SON is amplified through these neurons and elicits more potent effects than those produced in either the right or left nucleus.View full abstractDownload PDF (471K) -
Tomoaki Sato, Katsuya Suemaru, Kazuhisa Matsunaga, Sumiko Hamaoka, Yut ...1996 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 81-84
Published: 1996
Released: April 06, 2006
JOURNALS FREE ACCESSEffects of histamine H1-receptor antagonists on L-dopa-induced behavioral excitement were examined in mice to confirm behaviorally the inhibition of dopamine uptake by these compounds. L-Dopa (100-300 mg/kg, s.c.) combined with pargyline hydrochloride (80 mg/kg, i.p.) caused a dose-dependent behavioral excitement. The marked excitement induced by L-dopa (300 mg/kg) plus pargyline was significantly inhibited by pimozide (0.1-1 mg/kg, s.c.), a selective dopamine antagonist. Tripelennamine (10 mg/kg, s.c.), d-chlorpheniramine (1 and 2 mg/kg, s.c.), homochlorcyclizine (2 and 5 mg/kg, s.c.), diphenhydramine (2 and 5 mg/kg, s.c.) and mepyramine (2 and 5 mg/kg, s.c.) each markedly enhanced the moderate behavioral excitement induced by L-dopa (150 mg/kg) plus pargyline. These findings are behavioral evidence for inhibition of dopamine uptake by H1 antagonists, which has been suggested by neurochemical studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (225K) -
Junichi Kitanaka, Kazuhiro Takuma, Kaoru Kondo, Akemichi Baba1996 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 85-87
Published: 1996
Released: April 06, 2006
JOURNALS FREE ACCESSWe investigated prostanoid-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in Ca2+-sensitive dye fura-2-loaded cultured astrocytes. The thromboxane (TX) A2 analog STA2 (9, 11-epithio-11, 12-methanoTXA2) and/or prostaglandin (PG) F2α (each used at 1 μM) stimulated intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in single cultured rat type 1 astrocytes. Three response patterns were observed: only STA2-sensitive, only PGF2α-sensitive, and both prostanoids-sensitive cells. The Ca2+ response was prostanoid-dose-dependent (0.1-1 μM) and showed a rapid spike-like Ca2+ rise that peaked within 30 sec after the stimulation by the ligand. These observations suggest that type 1 astrocytes are heterogeneous with respect to the expression of receptors for TXA2 and PGF2α, which are linked to Ca2+ mobilization.View full abstractDownload PDF (196K)
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