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Volume 5, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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KANAME KURIAKI, KAZUHIRO HARAGUCHI1956 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 77-80
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEn outre de histamine, acétylcholine, adénosine, et ses dérivés qui soot tous hypoten seurs de constitutions chimiques bien établis, it y à plusieurs hypotenseurs signalés chez les êtres vivants et dont les natures chimiques, physiques et pharmacologiques sont encore peu connues.
Les uns d'eux comme kallikréine, vagotonine, le principe de helix-Lange, la substance P de Euler, Gaddum et Schild sont hydrosolubles, tandis que les autres comme vesiglan dine, prostaglandine, le principe hypotensive trouvé dans l'huile du poisson et l'huile végétale par Grollman ne sont pas solubles dans l'eau mais dans des solvants organiques.
Comme l'existence d'un hypotenseur (substance P) dans Ie cerveau nous à interessés, nous avons divisé cerveau du boeuf aux cerveau, cervelet, encéphale intermédiaire et mésocéphale, et moelle allongée, et les soumis aux extractions fractionnées par acétone, éther de pétrole et de l'eau, et examiné effet hypotensive des extraits chez les rats qui sont faits artificiellement hypertensive par étranglement des reins selon la methode de Goldblatt (1). La tension artérielle à été mesurée indirectment au niveau de la queue par la methode de Byron et Wilson (2). La dose (administrée par injection souscutanée) correspond pour tous les extraits à 0.05g de 1'organe extrait, sauf I'extrait aqueux dont la dose injectée correspond à 0.5g de l'organe originel.View full abstractDownload PDF (197K) -
HIDEMASA YAMASAKI, TATEO TAKAOKA, OSAMU AKAMATSU, YUSUKE OHKURA1956 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 81-92
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnrep and Barsoum (1) reported that the histamine equivalent in the systemic blood was increased by ligature of the common bile duct in a dog. In accordance with their observations (2) in a perfusion experiment using dog's heart-lung-liver preparations and on the whole animal, that whereas a marked histamine release by bile salts was seen from the liver, no such release was detected from the lungs, heart, intestines, limbs, and other organs, these workers concluded that the increased amount of histamine in the systemic blood had mainly originated from the liver. The fact that the blood histamine level increases during obstructive jaundice is interesting not only because histamine is well known as a substance which causes itching but because it offers a new view-point in the considerations of clinical and pathological problems regarding jaundice.
Accordingly, the experiments of Anrep and Barsoum (1) on the experimental obstructive jaundice were followed and the fact of rise of blood histamine level was confirmed. Further examinations were made as to its cause and it was found that some of the bile salts, under a certain condition, released a fair amount of histamine from the skin and at the same time, some new observations were obtained regarding the presence of a definite inhibitory action of these bile salts against histaminase activity, which may also constitute a cause for the increase of blood histamine level. These experimental results are described in the present paper, together with some considerations made on itching during jaundice.View full abstractDownload PDF (580K) -
KATSUO KAMAKURA, AKIRA MORIKAWA, MASAHIRO MATSUDA, TADASHI SHINO1956 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 93-101
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently we (1) have reported the withstanding action of subnarcotic doses of ethylurethane (U) to severe acute anoxia in rats without the concomitance of the suppression of respiratory movements. In the course of studies on mechanism of the U-action, it was observed that the administration of a subnarcotic dose of U produced a rise in body temperature and in gas metabolism of rats.
Up to about 1930, many of reports had appeared in the literature on the effects of large dose of U on metabolisms in various tissues or cells, but some few on the gas metabolism in mammals, almost all of which were undertaken to elucidate narcotic phenomena. As the latters, it was reported that there was a decrease in the O2-consumption in narcotized rats with U (2, 3) and a similar effect in the O2-uptake and CO2-output in like urethanized rabbits (3, 4). On the contrary, Aub et al. (5, 6) had reported that in spite of a reduction of body temperature, there was an increased gas metabolism in the cats under U anaesthesia being converted into a prompt and progressive fall of the metabolism after removal of adrenal glands, probably owing to the increased secretion of adrenin. In the connection with this problem, it was also reported that U-administration brought about an increased liberation of epinephrine from adrenal glands in cats and dogs (7, 8). On the one hand, it had been evidenced that the O2-comsumption in the fasting rat without narcotica was increased approximately 30% by the injection of epinephrine (9).
In view of the literatures and our observations above mentioned, the present study was initiated to determine effects of the narcotic and subnarcotic dose of U on metabolism of rats and to determine whether U-effects are related to adrenal function or not.View full abstractDownload PDF (424K) -
KEIZO FUKUMA1956 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 102-114
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVeratramine, a secondary amine of veratrum alkaloids, was isolated first by Saito (1) from the Japanese Veratrum grandiflorum and found later by Jacobs and Craig (2) in the American Veratrum viride. Its pharmacological actions were studied first by Krayer (3) and later by many investigators. The most important property of this alkaloid is considered to be the antiaccelerator action on the heart, which was discovered by Krayer and has been thoroughly studied by him and his coworkers (4-10).
Another remarkable action of veratramine is the excitatory action on the central nervous system. This was found also by Krayer at the same time the antiaccelerator was discovered, but relatively little attention has been focused on this subject ever since. Krayer, the first reporter, described briefly that clonic convulsion occurred in dogs and it was suppressed by pentobarbital. Few other investigators observed also convulsive action of veratramine while they studied on its cardiovascular action (11-13). However nobody had studied in detail on its central action until Tanaka (14) took up this project. In his study on the central actions of veratrum alkaloids in mice, Tanaka pointed out that veratramine caused a unique excitation which was expressed as “struggling” movement and was antagonized by mephenesin or ether. Despite his relatively comprehensive survey on this project, the site of action of veratramine remained unelucidated.
The present investigation was designed to supplement the study of Tanaka on the central action of veratramine, by determining if the same excitation could be observed in other species of experimental animal, by searching for the antagonists against the excitation, by observing the influence of elimination of some parts of brain, by recording the electroencephalogram and by studying the circulatory effect when administered directly to the central nervous system.View full abstractDownload PDF (823K) -
1. MITTEILUNG, DEHYDROGENASEN UND ZYTOCHROMOXYDASE-AKTIVITÄTEN VERSCHIEDENER HIRNTEILE, UND EINFLÜSSE VON URETHAN UND PARALDEHYD DARAUFKANAME KURIAKI, KYOKO IWASE1956 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 115-121
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTrotz einiger widersprechenden Arbeiten wie die von Larrabee et al. (1) (1950) and die von Himwich et al. (2) (1947), scheint es im allgemeinen angenommen zu sein, dass die Narkotika auf die Atmung der Hirngewebe hemmend wirken, and unter anderem meint Quastel (3) (1951), Bass Narkose auf die Hemmung der Kohlenhydratverbrennung beruht. Indessen, über welche Stufe des Kohlenhydrat-Stoffwechsels sie betrifft, gehen die Meinungen der Autoren betrefflich auseinander. Nach Greig (4) (1946) ist die Bindung zwischen reduziertem Flavineiweiss und Zytochrom gebrochen. Dagegen geben Persky et al. (5) (1950) an, class die Oxydation von Zytochrom C durch die Barbitursäurederivaten nicht blockiert ist, auch nicht die Reduktion des Flavineiweisses, aber dass sie um Acetaldehyddehydrogenase mit Brenztraubensäure wettbewerben. Die Aktivität der Milchsäuredehydrogenase ist nach ihnen durch die Barbitursäurederivate nicht beeinflusst. Nach Elliot et al. (6) (1947) anderseits üben 0.001 M (höher als die für Narkose notwendige Dose) Demerol oder Amidon eine starke Hernmung auf die Oxydation der Milchsäure and der Brenztraubensäure, und die Autoren führen diese Wirkung zu der Hemmung der entsprechenden Dehydrogenasen zurück. Quastel fanden, dass Chloreton die Bernsteinsäuredehydrogenase und Zytochromoxydase nicht hemmt ; es hemmte aerobisch die Aktivität der Milchsäuredehydrogenase (des Hirnbreis), aber anaerobisch wurde die Hemmung viel schwächer (ungefähr 1/10 der aerobischen Hemmung). Daher soil es geben einen intermediären Faktor des Atmungssystems, der gegen Chloreton aerobisch reaktiv und anaerobisch unreaktiv ist. Der Traubenzucker war unter dem Vorhandensein der wasserlöslichen Traubenzuckerdehydrogenase (präpariert von der Schweineleber) und der Cozymase durch Ferrizyanid anoxisch oxydiert. Diese Oxydation wurde durch 0.083% Chloreton nicht gehemmt, aber wenn man eine robe Präparat von Zytochromoxydase noch an dieses System hinzusetzte and die aerobe oxydation des Traubenzuckers vorgehen liess, wurde das System sofort durch das Narkotikum beeinflusst (0.083% Chloreton ergibt mehr als 90%ige Hemmung). Es folgert nach ihnen daraus, class die Traubenzucker-dehydrogenase selbst gegen das Narkotikum relativ unempfindlich ist, aber ein Faktor welcher zwischen Dehydrogenase und Zytochromoxydase funktioniert soll dagegen empfindlich sein.
Da es solche Unterschiede der Meinungen über den Angriffspunkt der Narkotika auf den Kohlenhydrat-Stoffwechsel gibt, wollten wir die neue Reagens Triphenyltetrazoliumchlorid (TTC) and die Nadi Reagens zu Nutze machen and ein grösseres Hirn wie das des Rindes bedienend die Dehydrogenasen- und Zytochromoxydase-Aktivitäten verschiedener Hirnteile näher erforschen, und die Wirkung einiger Narkotika über sie klar machen, weil man bisher hauptsächlich mit kleineren experimentellen Tieren und der schwer zu behandelnden Methylenblau-Methode studierte und daher nähere Analyse der FermenteAktivitäten verschiedener Hirnteile unmöglich war.View full abstractDownload PDF (299K) -
TADASHI MURANO, KOICHI YAMANE1956 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 122-131
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAvacan was introduced as an effective synthetic spasmolytic by Brock (1) in 1950. Since then it has been tested by many workers with favorable results. There are a few reports including one by author's colleaque Yamane (2), in our laboratory that the drug, for all its obvious pharmacological actions in vitro, has variable and temporary actions in vivo with a variety of toxicity according to the site of administration.
Experiments were performed in an attempt to clarify the differences in efficacy of the drug in vivo and in vitro.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
YUTAKA KUROCOCHI, YOSHITERU FUKUI, NOBORU ADACHI1956 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 132-138
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (286K) -
SHOJI KUWANA1956 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 139-150
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the past studies of the effect of alcohol on the EEG, attentions have been paid chiefly to the electroencephalographic observations of the effect of alcohol on the central nervous system or to the observations of the EEG in the state of delirium caused by drinking. These are described by George et al.(1), Gibbs et al.(2) and many other workers.
To summarize these observations, it seems that after the administration of alcohol, both in man and animals, the cortical frequencies decrease progressively as intoxication develops, and in man at least, the degree of slowing, as measured by the displacement of frequency spectrum, ran parallel to the increase in the concentration of alcohol in blood. There is no gross change in the appearance of the EEG unless the subject falls asleep or passes into coma.
Fujiwara(3) and Fujiwara & Kuwana(4) of our Department already reported on the metabolism of alcohol and the action of antabuse in rabbits. The report of the latter contained the observation of the EEG. The purpose of this paper is to describe the effects of ethyl alcohol, antabuse and acetaldehyde on the EEG of rabbits.View full abstractDownload PDF (492K) -
NORIHIKO FUJITA1956 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 151-173
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2344K)
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