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Katsufusa Shoda
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1271-1280
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
The polarization of bremsstrahlung produced by 8.5 MeV electrons incident on thin Al, Ag, Au and U targets in a betatron was studied with D
2O-loaded nuclear emulsions. The Polarization was measured at the characteristic emission angle
Θ=
mc2⁄
E0 by observing the azimuthal angular distribution of photoprotons from deuterons.
The results show different energy dependence of polarization for different elements. For low
Z targets the polarization is positive and large in the lower energy part of bremsstrahlung spectrum, in qualitative agreement with the theoretical calculations. For high
Z targets the polarization is negative in the higher energy range and positive in the lower energy range. This reversal of the sign of polarization occurs at much lower energies than those expected from the theory.
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Kazuo Hisatake
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1280-1291
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
The decay of Rh
102 has been investigated using scintillation spectrometers and a magnetic beta-ray spectrometer. The negatron spectrum have the end-point energy of 1.15 Mev and the positron spectrum consists of two groups of end-point energies of 1.30 Mev and 0.82 Mev. All of beta-spectra involved appear to have approximately “the allowed shape of the Fermi plot”. 12 gamma transitions were assigned to Ru
102 from the internal conversion spectrum and the single and coincidence gamma-ray spectra. Gamma-gamma angular correlations have also been measured. The results are consistent with the following level scheme for Ru
102: 0.476(2+), 1.106(2+), 1.53(3+), 1.85(?), 1.87(1+, 2+, or 3+), 2.06(?), and 2.23(3−) Mev. The transition between the first and second 2+ state was found to consist primary of E2 transition. The branching ratio obtained for the cascade to crossover transition form the second 2+ level is (4.2±0.8).
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Nahonori Miyata
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1291-1298
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The ferrite crystals of ternary system (Mn
xFe
yNi
z)Fe
2O
4, where
x+
y+
z=1, were grown by the Bridgman method in the air. According to the X-ray analysis, they have the spinel structure, except in the region near NiFe
2O
4, and their lattice constants depend linearly on the concentration:
a=(8.518−0.125
y−0.176
z)±0.005 A. The ferromagnetic crystalline anisotropy was measured by the torque method in the temperature range between 90°K and 300°K. In normal specimens
K1 decreases with decreasing temperature. NiFe
2O
4–Fe
3O
4 system shows an anomalous temperature dependence for a wide range of concentration:
K1 increases and changes its sign from negative to positive at low temperature. This will be due to the short range order of Fe
2+ and Fe
3+ at the octahedral site of the spinel lattice. If such an anomaly is subtracted,
K1 of the ternary system becomes maximum at a certain Fe
3O
4 concentration. This can be attributable to the special contribution of Fe
2+-ion.
The crystal of (Zn
1−yFe
y)Fe
2O
4 binary system were also investigated. They have the spinel structure with the lattice constant of
a=(8.445−0.052
y)±0.005 A. The relation of the anisotropy constant to
y also indicates the contribution of Fe
2+ mentioned above.
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Tatsumi Kurosawa
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1298-1308
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
A general theory of the polarization waves in crystals is developed in connection with the optical and the dielectric properties of the crystals. The result includes, in more general form, the relations by Szigeti and Fröhlich about the lattice vibrations in ionic crystals and the theory by Heller and Marcus for the exciton. The theory is applied to the analysis of the infra-red data of BaTiO
3-type crystals.
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Ry\={u}kichi Honda
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1309-1321
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Sheet specimens of single crystal of 2.9% silicon iron with {110} surface have been extended in the 〈100〉, 〈110〉 and 〈111〉 directions respectively at −196°C, until they have fractured. The twins and slip lines have been observed in the course of extension as well as after the fracture. The following two mechanisms by which slip or twinning causes the cleavage have been confirmed. In 〈100〉 extension, a twin stopped intersecting with another twin along the 〈110〉 direction causes a cleavage on the {100} plane parallel to the intersection line. In 〈110〉 extension, two {110} slip systems intersecting along the 〈100〉 direction cause a cleavage on either of two {100} planes parallel to the intersecting line. Cleavage in 〈111〉 extension seems to be understood by extended applications of the latter mechanism.
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Shozo Sawada, Ikushi Yoshida
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1322-1327
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The free energy of a ferroelectric was expanded as an even power-series of polarization in the customary phenomenological theory. For the case of the transition of the second order, the condition was examined under which the well-known relation holds that the temperature-gradients of reciprocal susceptibility immediately below and above the transition point stand in the ratio −2:1, and it was shown that this relation is valid regardless of the number of terms taken in the expansion and the temperature-dependence of their coefficients. When the transition is of the first order, on the contrary, this ratio was found to be very sensitive to the them, though a simple ratio −8:1 is obtained by postulating the temperature-independent coefficients of fourth- and sixth-powers and neglecting terms of higher powers. A similar result was also obtained concerning the antiferroelectricity.
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Akira Sugiyama
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1327-1336
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The Fermi momentum
km and the interior density ρ
i are calculated for free electron metals perturbed by localized imperfections, and the Thomas-Fermi relation ρ
i=
km3⁄3π
2 is verified up to the higher order. Then it is shown that the Friedel theorem can be based on the above relation. When the Fermi momentum
km is expressed in terms of the phase shift η of the free electron wave function, the charge neutrality condition in the interior leads to the Friedel sum rule for the case of the plane surface as well as of the point imperfection.
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Muneyuki Date
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1337-1351
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Antiferromagnetic resonance experiment was performed on a single crystal of CoCl
26H
2O in the frequency range of 9.5 to 47 kMc/sec at liquid helium temperature. The result can be understood by the theory of antiferromagnetic resonance developed by Nagamiya and Yosida and also by Ubbink et al., except for certain systematic deviations from the theory. These deviations can be removed by introducing a large anisotropic exchange interaction of the symmetric tensor form in place of the ordinary small anisotropy energy. Thus, the effective fields acting on sublattice magnetizations, M
+ and M
−, are assumed to be of the form
HE±=−
AM\mp−
ΓM±−
A′
M\mp−
Γ′
M±,
where
A and
Γ are the isotropic molecular field constants and
A′ and
Γ′ are newly introduced anisotropic molecular field tensors. It was found that the symmetry axes of
A′ and
Γ′ coincide with those of the
g-tensor and their components are given by
Ax′=0.25 A,
Ay′=0.20 A,
Az′=−0.45 A,
Γx′=0.19 A,
Γy′=0.18 A,
Γz′=−0.37 A,
where
x,
y and
z correspond to the
c-,
b- and
a′-axes, respectively. Line width measurements were also performed in the para- and antiferromagmetic regions and a rapid narrowing was observed at low temperatures.
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Shoichiro Nomura
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1352-1357
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
Specific heat and thermal expansion coefficients of NaNO
2 crystal were measured from room temperature to 210°C. A conduction-type calorimeter was adopted for the measurement of the specific heat and a differential-type dilatometer for the measurement of the thermal dilatation. A λ-type anomaly in specific heat was observed near the transition temperature, the transition heat being calculated as
ca 285 cal/mol. The crystal expands in the
a and
b direction, while it contracts in the
c direction with increasing the temperature, and further the transition is accompanied by abrupt changes in the cell dimensions. Our results on thermal dilatation were compared with the ones obtained from the x-ray data. Ferroelectricity in NaNO
2 was discussed in connection with our results on thermal properties.
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Jien Nishiwaki
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1358-1360
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
Moiré patterns produced by passing diffuse light from uniformly illuminated background through two net or gauze screens of suitable mesh size, set face-parallel, one behind the other with a space in between, are tinged with some lustre which is more or less vitreous or slightly metallic. A number of results obtained by visual observation and photographing show that this is a typical case in which the so-called false stereoscopic effect gives rise to the impression of gloss.
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Yoshihiro Kamiya, Ryozi Uyeda
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1361-1366
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
The electron micrographs of crystalline specimens are taken by placing the aperture of the objective lens at various positions. Extinction contours, equal-thickness fringes and dislocation images are observed under a condition that none of the coherent waves—the transmitted and diffracted waves—enters the aperture. This implies that the above contrast effects are formed by incoherent waves which are neglected in current theories of diffraction contrast.
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Ryuzo Koyama
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1366-1376
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
By making use of a gaussian chain model for a polymer molecule, a theoretical calculation on the flow birefringence of polymer solution is carried out, in which the optical internal field in the polymer molecule in solvent is taken into account.
The obtained expression for the intrinsic birefringence contains a quadratic form of the refractive index of solvent, and this can account for several experimental results. The expression for the intrinsic extinction angle also has a certain optical factor, and thus it predicts that the extinction angle depends on the refractive index of the solvent.
Assuming that there is no hydrodynamic interaction between molecular segments, we carried out some numerical calculations to the optical factors. The result can well reproduce the recent experimental values of the polystyrene molecules, and of the polymethylmethacrylate molecules.
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V. D. Gupta
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1377-1380
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Hermans’ orientation factor can be evaluated only when the diatropic and paratropic interferences arise from planes which form an orthogonal set. This is only approximately satisfied in case of both Cellulose I and Cellulose II. In the present communication an exact expression has been derived which can be evaluated from x-ray measurements, angle between face normals of paratropic interferences and the optical constants.
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K\={o}ji Uo
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1380-1395
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
A magnetic field named the Heliotron field is produced by the electric current in a series of pair coils wound around the discharge tube with regular intervals. The electric current in each coil of the pair differs both in intensity and direction. The lines of force in this field undulate near the tube axis without cutting the wall, while these near the tube wall cross the wall. Thus the high temperature plasma can be produced by ohmic heating in the central region of this field being prevented from touching the wall. This field is found to satisfy the necessary condition for the equilibrium. The interchange instability of the plasma confined in this field is discussed. A general expression is given for the magnetic field, and it is shown that the Heliotron B magnetic field, the cylindrical cusp field, the helical winding field of the Stellarater and the Picket-Fence field are derived as special cases of this general formula.
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Susumu Takeda, Michel Roux
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1395-1402
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The interaction of microwave with gaseous plasmas is used to study. weak shock waves in low pressure gases. In order to study by this method shock waves of low Mach number, which are incapable of ionizing the gaseous medium in which they propagate, this medium is weakly preionized.
In a tube of 5 mm in diameter, condenser discharges are fired for the production of shock waves up to 200 joules, in a pressure range of 4–13 mm Hg in Neon and Argon and with Mach number up to 5, and it is found that the measured electron density increase across the discontinuity is in the ratio of the gas density ratio. The electron temperature, deduced from the measured electron-ion collision frequency, is, as expected, lower than the gas temperature estimated from the Mach number.
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Yukio Midzuno
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1403-1417
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The scattering of a microwave, which is fed by an oscillating electric dipole, is treated in the Born approximation. When the source is a dipole
p0ejωtez, where
ez is a unit vector in the
z direction, the scattered field from a collisionless cylindrical plasma is given by
Es(
r,
t)=
p0\sqrt\fracπ2
e(3⁄4)πj\frac
k4\sqrt
klρ(
l+ρ)
ej(ωt−kl−kρ)∫
0∞η(ρ′)
J0\left(2
kρ′sin\fracθ2\
ight)ρ′
dρ′
ez,
where (
l, π, 0) and (ρ, θ, 0) are the cylindrical coordinates of the source and the observing point, respectively, η(ρ′) is ω
p2⁄ω
2 with the plasma frequency ω
p and here only the term lowest in 1/
kl and 1/
kρ is retained. Formulas are also derived to the next order in 1/
kl and 1/
kρ, when the plasma has collision loss and the dipole source has the axis in any one of the three independent directions. Remarks and discussions are given on the nature and the accuracy of the formulas. Finally the cases, where the observing point does not lie on the plane
z=0, are treated in the lowest order in 1/
kl and 1/
kρ.
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Koichi Kobayashi, Tetsuhiko Tomiki
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1417-1422
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Optical absorptions of the fundamental absorption tail of specially purified KCl and those due to bromines in KCl were measured between room temperature and 196°C. The latters were estimated from the differences between the fundamental absorption tails of pure KCl and KCl with bromine of which concentration was 1.3×10
−4 in mole fractian. Measured absorption coefficients were corrected by considering the errors due to the finite band width of the spectrometer. The fundamental absorption tail of KCl was found to be represented by the Urbach rule with σ=0.80±0.02 and
hν
0=7.76±0.10 ev. The long wavelength side of the bromine absorption was able to be described by the same rule where σ=0.51±0.03 and
hν
0=7.35±0.15 ev.
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Akira Ogawa, Yoshio Sone
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1423-1426
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The effect of the transverse magnetic field on the commencement of the two dimensional Poiseuille flow of conducting fluid between two parallel walls is discussed. Owing to the invariance of the flow characteristics in the direction parallel to the walls, the fundamental equations reduce to linear equations and can be solved exactly. Several limiting cases are surveyed on the basis of the solution obtained. Detailed numerical calculation is also made for a special case in which the values of the Reynolds number, the magnetic Reynolds number and the pressure number are all equal to unity.
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Hiroshi Sato
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1427-1433
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The electrical conductivity of an ionized gas is anisotropic in the presence of magnetic field (Hall effect). The conductivity is expressed by a tensor in the same form for both fully and partially ionized gases. By the use of modified Ohm’s law and conventional magnetohydrodynamical equations the incompressible viscous flow between parallel plates under the transverse magnetic field is analyzed and an exact solution is obtained when the magnetic Reynolds number is small. The numerical results reveal a remarkable effect of anisotropy of conductivity. The acceleration and deceleration of viscous ionized gas under combined electric and magnetic fields are also calculated.
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Tosio Miyagi
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1434-1446
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
This paper deals with the flow of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid past an inclined elliptic cylinder in a parallel magnetic field, making use of a perturbation method similar to Oseen approximation. Approximate formulae for the forces experienced by the cylinder are obtained only to the lowest order of the Reynolds number and the magnetic Reynolds number. The drag and lift coefficients are then expressed as functions of five non-dimensional parameters, i.e., the Reynolds number, the magnetic Reynolds number, the pressure number, the thickness-ratio and the angle of incidence of the cylinder. Numerical calculations for the drag and lift coefficients as well as their ratio are carried out for various values of these five parameters. It may be noted in the numerical results that the angle of incidence of the cylinder at which the lift coefficient has a maximum value with the increase of the pressure number
S when
S<1, and the reveres is the case when
S>1.
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S. V. Subrahmanyam, J. Bhimasenachar
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1447-1449
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
From an examination of the available ultrasonic and density data, in the case of eleven inorganic melts, the relation between the molar volume (
M⁄ρ) and sound velocity,
V, is found to be
MV2⁄3⁄ρ=
S where
S is a constant independent of temperature. The molar sound velocity
S is found to be an additive property. The contributions of different ions to the molar sound velocity of a liquid have been evaluated.
The variation, of
V2⁄3⁄ρ with percentage weight of the solute in aqueous solutions for a number of univalent electrolytes, is found to be linear. The linear plots are extrapolated to get the value of
V2⁄3⁄ρ for 100 percent of the solute. These values are multiplied by the respective values of the molecular weights of the solutes to give the molar sound velocity for the substance-Such extrapolated values have been found to correspond to the molar sound velocity of the substance in the liquid phase.
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Katsuo Negishi
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1450-1465
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
Using a miniature spherical hydrophone made of barium titanate, the individual cavity collapse was detected as a sharp impulse (0.5 μs width) slightly after the pressure maximum of sound cycle. When may cavities collapsed simultaneously, sinusoidal sound-pressure waveform was turned into saw-tooth form. By comparing the flash of sonoluminescence with the instantaneous change of scattered light from cavitating bubbles in dark-fiield illumination, the sonoluminescence from water has been decided to occur during the final stages of the bubble collapse. The sonoluminescence from aqueous solutions of various sodium salts, organic solvents and luminol has also examined. The luminescence of luminescence of luminol has been applied to develop a new method for the visualization of ultrasonic fields.
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Mitsuru Yoshimastu
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1465-1469
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
In X-ray diffraction micrographs of a silicon single crystal, some nodes where three dislocation lines meet were observed. The Burgers vectors of these dislocations were determined, except of their sense, from the change in intensity contrast with different reflecting lattice planes. Frank’s theorem, corresponding to Kirchhoff’s law for electric current, was experimentally confirmed.
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Yoshio Ishida
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1469
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Yasuaki Nakagawa, Tomiei Hori
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1470
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Louis Gold
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1471
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Takeo Igo
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1472
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Kiyoshi Miyake
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1473
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Atsushi Okazaki, Yasutaka Suemune
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1474
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Eizaburo Yamada, Kisaburo Shogenji
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1475
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Riso Kato
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1476
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Masamitsu Hirai, Mikihiko Ikezawa, Masayasu Ueta
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1477-1478
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Takashi Sambongi, Tadayasu Mitui
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1478
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Shigehiro Komura, Nobuhiko Kunitomi, Poh-Kun Tseng, Naomoto Shikazono, ...
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1479
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Kenji Mitani, Hiroshi Kubo
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1480-1481
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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C. D. , Jr Graham
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1481-1482
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Pyon-un Chong, Yoshio Inuishi
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1482
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Hiroshi Kojima, Kimiyoshi Goto
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1483
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Yo Mita
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1484
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Kenji Matsuura, Yoshio Inuishi
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1485
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
-
Shigehiro Komura, Nobuhiko Kunitomi, Yoshikazu Hamaguchi, Masanobu Sak ...
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1486
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Shoji Kojima, Eiichi Kawasaki, Kiyoe Kato
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1487-1488
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Seiji Ogawa
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1488-1489
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Tokumichi Tamai, Eiichi Matsui
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1489
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Syôhei Miyahara, Kiyoshi Muramori, Naoki Tokuda
1961 年 16 巻 7 号 p.
1490
発行日: 1961/07/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり