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Yoshio Toyoda
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
415-426
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Using a large multiplate cloud chamber containing absorbers of 43 radiation lengths and 24 density detectors, characteristics of the electron-photon component of energy more than 1 Bev in extensive air showers (EAS) were studied at sea level. The size N of the selected shower extended from 2×10
4 to 5×10
6. The obtained results were compared with data observed at 2770 m altitude.
The main results are as follows:
(1) The mean lateral distribution of the high-energy electron-photon component in the energy region 1∼20 Bev can be represented by the form (
r+2)
−n, with
n expressed by 2.6
E0.24, where the energy
E and the distance from the axis
r are measured in the unit of Bev and of meters, respectively.
(2) The energy flux of the high-energy electron-photon component in the core fluctuates very remarkably, and the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value is greater than 100 in the showers with the same size.
(3) The integral energy spectrum of the electron-photon component can be expressed by the form E
−(1.5±0.1) in the energy range of 2∼50 Bev.
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Morikazu Toda, Takeyasu Kotera, Kouzou Kogure
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
426-433
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
It is shown that the problem of localized vibration of a lattice with an impurity can be treated as a problem of random walk.
s-dimensional simple cubic lattice is considered. Examples are given for the special cases of 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional lattices with an impurity. Probability of steps of the random walk is interpreted by introducing a virtual time.
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Hideo Futama
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
434-441
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The hysteresis loop, the specific heat and the thermal expansion of CS (NH
2)
2 have been studied with particular reference to its ferroelectric transitions.
The hysteresis loop in intermediate phase III is transformed into a double loop with a variation of temperature. The field dependence of the transition temperature is given by
dTc⁄
dE=+ and −0.5 deg. cm/kV for the upper and lower sides of phase III, respectively. Below phase III, a decrease of the critical field is observed by applying a stress on the (100) or (001) face. A new ferroelectric loop is also observed at −102°C with the spontaneous polarization of 2×10
−4μ coul/cm
2. The specific heat anomaly is found at −106°C with the latent heat of 6.6±01 cal/mol. In [100] and [001] directions, expansion anomalies are found; a jump of 0.9×10
−3 is observed especially in the [100] direction at −105°C.
The results are examined according to the phenomenological theory. The dipole moment of the molecule in the crystal is discussed and a molecular model of the transition is also introduced.
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Yohko Asao, Ikushi Yoshida, Rinjiro Ando, Shozo Sawada
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
442-446
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
The
dc electrical resistivities of NaNO
2 and KNO
3 crystals were measured by the potentiometer method in the temperature range covering their transition points. The obtained results were found to obey the conventional exponential law and the activation energies in both phases were calculated. It was observed that at the transition point the electrical resistivity shows a steep jump, which is about two∼six times in NaNO
2 and about one hundred times in KNO
3. A little discussion was made about this phenomenon in connection with the appearance of some disordering in the crystal structure.
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Tadasi Numata
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
447-454
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Turnover relations associated with the general class of the isothermal current-voltage characteristics of the form
I=
A(
T)
Vnexp [−
f(
V)⁄
kT] have been derived generally by using contact temperature
Tc as
Tc=
Ta·exp (
P⁄2π
rξ) and the turnover condition (∂
V⁄∂
Tc)
Tc=0, where
Ta is the ambient temperature,
P the rate of power generation in a barrier, ξ⁄
T the thermal conductivity of a semiconductor,
r the radius of a whisker tip. According to the results of the numerical calculations of the turnover relations, using the modified isothermal diode theory taking into account minority carriers (generated by intrinsic condition) as one kind of thermal equilibrium approximation and assuming the effect of image force and a Mott barrier, it was found that the above type of isothermal characteristics could not only lead to the essential features of the observed turnover behaviour that both turnover power and voltage decrease with increasing ambient temperature, but also agrees fairly well with the experimental results on germanium point-contact rectifiers obtained by Benzer. The simple isothermal diode theory taking into account majority carriers only can also lead to the essential features of the turnover behaviour although agreement between the theory and the experiment is very poor. From considerations of the rectification mechanism of the above mentioned modified isothermal diode theory, it was found that minority carriers, as well as majority carriers, played an important role in the turnover behaviour.
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Kôji Sumino
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
454-462
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
A dislocation model of the plastic deformation of crystal, in which the flow stress of crystal is closely related to the back stress acting upon the active dislocation source, is presented in order to explain the experimental observation on the preferential deformation in the surface region of a deformed crystal. It is shown, on this model, that the dislocation source existing in the surface region can emit a large number of dislocations much more easily than that in the interior at any stage of deformation; most of dislocations emitted from the source in the surface region take the form of half loop and are under the influence of the images of themselves.
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Junkichi Itoh, Riichiro Kusaka, Yushiro Saito
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
463-480
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Line shapes of proton magnetic resonance absorption in single crystals of ammonium chloride and bromide were measured in temperature range from 90°K to room temperature. At liquid air temperature, broad lines with structures corresponding to rigid configuration of ammonium ions were observed for both crystals. These structures were analysed by solving the nuclear magnetic energy levels of ammonium ion containing four protons and one nitrogen nucleus, and also by estimating the width of each component line. Theoretical line shapes coincide well with experimental ones in the chloride, but the agreement is worse in the bromide. Some possible origins for the disagreement in the latter case are discussed. Line width at higher temperatures narrowed by rapid rotation of ammonium ions was measured for various orientations of the crystal. A slightly discontinuous change of the second moments of the line was observed at the order-disorder transition point in the bromide.
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Junkichi Itoh, Yukio Yamagata
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
481-507
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The chemical shift, spin-lattice relaxation time, and intensity of nuclear magnetic resonance line were measured for ammonium chloride, bromide and iodide in various phases. It was found that the reorientational motion of ammonium ion is the origin of time dependent interaction necessary to relax the nuclear spin orientation. The deformation of the halogen ion core, arising from the interaction with alkali ions, is discussed in connection with the chemical shift and spin-lattice relaxation time. In ordered phase,
T1 in the chloride became much longer than that in phase II, while in the bromide electric quadrupole splitting of NMR line appeared, and the ordering parameter was estimated. From the result of the intensity measurements, the effect of crystal imperfection upon NMR is discussed.
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Ken-ichi Shimizu
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
508-519
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Substructures in martensites produced in a bulk Fe-Ni alloy have been studied by means of transimission electron microscopy and selected-area electron diffraction. Long fine bands and short bands were observed. It was concluded that both of them were due to thin twin plates of the form of a ribbon of thickness 30∼70Å and elongated in the direction of twinning shear 〈111〉. The twin plates are crowded in the region which seems to be a mid-rib. The twinning plane is {112}, but the plane of the twin plate deviates from the twinning plane by an angle which is almost constant in one martensite crystal but varies in the range of 3°∼21° from martensite to martensite. This fact, together with the appearance of fine striations along 〈111〉 in the twin plate, suggests that the ribbon-like twin plate is subjected to slipping along a plane parallel to 〈111〉 axis.
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Hatsujiro Hashimoto, Michihiko Mannami
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
520-526
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The out-of-focus electron microscopic images of a crystal lattice near the edge of the crystal are discussed by the dynamical theory of electron diffraction for the case where a single Bragg reflection is excited in the crystal. In the out-of-focus image of a crystal lattice, extra fringes whose spacings are nearly the same as that of the crystal lattice appear outside the crystal. The number of the lines outside the crystal increases with the increase of the amount of defocus. One of the theoretical intensity profiles of the fringes is compared with the observed one. The coincidence between them is satisfactory.
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Tadayoshi Yamashita, Youji Taneda
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
527-531
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
The phenomena resulting from the allotropic transformation of thin foils as well as thick specimens (7/100 mm thickness) of pure iron were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The cloudy structure in the specimens quenched from a temperature higher than the α→γ transformation point was observed in both cases. The cloudy structure is seen in α phase and consists of lattice defects such as dislocations distributed so densely that they can be unresolved with the present electron microscopy. The lattice defects can be annihilated and displaced by the subsequent annealing at a temperature below the transformation point. At the same time, irregularly arranged dislocations, dislocation networks, sub-boundaries consisting of dislocations can be observed. When a thin foil is cooled slowly from a temperature higher than the transformation point, the cloudy structure and dislocations can not be observed. The thick specimen cooled down slowly has irregularly arranged dislocations and sub-boundaries consisting of dislocations.
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Noboru Nishida
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
531-537
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
In the concentrated aqueous solution of the sodium salt of carboxy methyl cellulose the interactions of polyions, hydlation layers or hydrogen bonds are studied through the dynamic viscoelastic modulus at the frequency of mainly 500 c.p.s. over the temperature range of 0°C–50°C. The dependence of rigidity and absorption on temperature seems to indicate that this material has such a property as to show two kinds of relaxation phenomena, and that each phenomenon is observed to be controlled individually by ethanol, urea, neutral salts or dioxane. The interrelation between the relaxation phenomenon and the interaction is discussed here. These results are also supported by the existence of two activation energy for static viscous flow.
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Eiko Hiroike
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
538-546
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The behaviour of the coupling constant
JHH′ between two protons when a terminal atom of a molecule is substituted by other one is discussed with the aid of the previous theory by the same author. It is found that
JHH′ depends almost only on the ionic characters of the chemical bonds H–X and H′–X′, where X(X′) denotes an atom forming a chemical bond with H(H′). The result of the calculation is compared with that of the experiments on C
2H
3R molecule, where R is the substituted atom.
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Yukio Ôsaka
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
547-565
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
An evaluation is carried out for corrections to screening constant and correction to the dispersion coefficient for the plasmon energy in a degenerate electron gas due to diagrams which consist of all possible combinations of “ladder interaction” and “exchange self energy” without making use of the high density approximation. Also contribution of diagrams consisting of all possible combinations of “exchange self energy” to the low temperature specific heat is computed. It is shown that the exchange effect of the effective interaction has little effect on the low temperature specific heat and that higher order diagrams in the “ladder interaction” have appreciable contribution to screening constant. It is also shown that correction factor for the dispersion coefficient of the plasmon energy is larger then unity for
rs>1 and that the convergence of high density expansion is very slow especially for the exchange effect of the effective interaction and the results obtained by using the high density approximation are found to overestimate the exchange effect.
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Masamitsu Hirai, Masayasu Ueta
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
566
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Hisatsugu Kashiwabara
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
567-568
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Nobuhiro Kuwahara, Motozo Kaneko, Yasuhiro Miyake, Jiro Furuichi
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
568
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Hiroshi Watanabe, Ryoji Uyeda
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
569-570
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Kan-ji Kubota
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
570-571
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Masayasu Ueta, Hiroshi Sugimoto
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
571-572
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Hiroshi Sasakura, Nozomu Takeuchi, Toshiaki Mizuno
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
572
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Shoichiro Nomura, Tatsuyuki Kawakubo
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
573-574
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Koichi Sugiyama, Akio Kobayashi
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
574
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Sanemi Sonoike
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
575-576
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Masakazu Katagiri
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
576
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Masao Shimizu, Hisayosi Niu
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
577-578
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Nobuhiro Kuwahara, Yasuhiro Miyake, Motozo Kaneko, Jiro Furuichi
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
578-579
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Yutaka Toyozawa
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
579
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Eizo Otsuka
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
580
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Atsushi Komaki, Syukuro Yano, Hiroshi Yoshida, Seizo Okamura
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
581
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Itaru Tatsuzaki
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
582
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Mitsuru Yoshimatsu, Tetsuro Suzuki, Teruo Kobayashi, Kazutake Kohra
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
583-584
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Hiroshi Kojima, Kimiyoshi Goto
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
584
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Minoru Takahashi, Tetsuzo Sasakawa, Hiroyasu Fujimori
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
585-586
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Takeo Kikuchi, Ken-ichi Shiozawa
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
586-587
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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A. M. Portis, J. Kanamori
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
587-588
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Mikio Yamamoto, Takurô Nakamichi
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
588-589
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Kazutake Kohra
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
589-590
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Robert Stratton
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
590-591
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Eiji Tatsumoto, Takahiko Kamigaichi, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Yoshiki Kato, H ...
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
592
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Motoo Hori
1962 年 17 巻 3 号 p.
593
発行日: 1962/03/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり