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Masaru YOSHIKAWA, Yasunori KABEYA, Masaharu KIKUCHI, Hiroshi ITO
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0224
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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We have developed a lead-free PTFE-based composite bearing material, filled with BaSO_4, MoS_2 and graphite instead of lead, because lead contained in the conventional PTFE-based composite bearing material has been recognized as a serious pollutant. Frictional and wear-resistant properties of the new material has been found to be as excellent as those of the conventional one. We, therefore, examined to clarify the mechanism focusing the behavior of BaSO_4 by using surface analytical tools such as SEM, EPMA, AES and TOF-SIMS. Some interesting results obtained are described below.
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Yugo IDE, Kazuhiko SAKAGUCHI, Takashi MATSUOKA, Takahiro MURAKAMI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0225
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this paper, the fatigue life characteristics of Ball Way were investigated on two loading conditions of 9.8kN, 13.7kN at room temperature. For better reliability, the Raydent surface treatment was applied, which shows excellent corrosion prevention, base material homeostasis because of brittleness deterioration, and adhesive strength with another materials. So species with the Raydent treatment and those coated with solid lubricity PTFE after the treatment were used in this investigation. Because of Raydent treatment, life values of Ball Way were a few improved on any loading conditions. Besides, species coated with PTFE after the treatment showed three times as much life values as those without the treatment.
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Katsumi FUKUDA, Takahisa KATO, Junho Choi, Takahiko UEMATSU
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0226
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In recent years, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have attracted much attention to improve the surface properties of solid in nanometer scale. In this study, nanoindentation properties of the solid surface modified by SAMs were investigated and we obtained new results about the nanoindentation behavior of solid surface coated with SAMs.
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Tadashi SAITOH, Shojiro MIYAKE, Shuichi WATANABE, Tsuyoshi HASHIZUME
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0227
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Diamond like carbon (DLC) films were deposited on various polymers bymagnetron type RF sputtering, and the effects of DLC coating on tribological properties were investigated by a ball on disk type tribometer. DLC coatings on high stiffness and heat resistant polymers such as LCP (liquid crystal polymer), PPS (polypheniren sulfide) and PES (polyether sulfone) reduce the friction.Especially, DLC films coated on PPS and PES decrease friction coefficient to one fifth and one third, respectively.
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Mikio NASUDA, Tomomi HONDA, Yoshiro IWAI, Naoki YASUMARU
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0228
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Austenitic stainless steel (SUS304) was ion-plated with Cr-Ni-N, with various Ni concentration. The films deposited by the modified AIP (arc ion plating) source exhibided a higher nitrogen concentration. The interface strength was measured by scratch testing and hardness by nanoindentation test. For the evaluation of the interface strength of Cr-Ni-N coatings, the correlation between interface strength and hardness has been investigated for Cr-Ni-N coatings on nitrided SUS304 and SUS304. When the ratio of penetration depth to the film thickness is less than about 0.2, the film hardness is not influenced by substrate. The hardness and the interface strength of Cr-Ni-N coatings decrease with an increase of Ni concentration.
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Hiroyuki MIZUKAMI, Tomomi HONDA, Yoshiro IWAI, Naoki YASUMARU
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0229
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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For the evaluation of tribological properties of thin hard coatings, several experimental techniques are normally used, such as scratch testing and testing against abrasive, erosive, and sliding wear, and fretting. We have proposed slurry jet, a new type of solid particle impact test, in order to quickly and sensitively evaluate wear properties of thin coatings. In this paper, slurry jet 1 μm alumina particles were impacted at high velocity perpendicular to thin Cr-Ni-N coatings deposited on an austenitic stainless steel (SUS304) substrate material. For the same kind of coatings, the coating with nitrided substrate exhibited the higher wear resistance compared with untreated substrate. When the Ni concentration increases, the hardness becomes small and the wear rate increases. The Cr-Ni-N coatings with the larger hardness proved to have the higher wear resistance.
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Jun HASHIZUME, Hiroshi IIZUKA, Masato HUKUMURA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0301
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Synchronous belts are widely used in various industrial equipments as a power transmission element. In the synchronous belt, the helical cord is inserted as the tension member. The main fracture mode during the belt driving is considered to be the bending fatigue of the helical cord. In this study, the failure mechanism of the synchronous belt is investigated. At first, the failure mode is observed. Then, the curvature of the synchronous belt is measured to discuss the belt bending. Moreover, the bending fatigue failure of the helical cord is investigated.
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H. Iizuka, K. Ohta, T. Mizuno, N. Ohsako
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0302
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The fatigue failure in helical cords is initiated by the shearing stress along stranded glass filaments, which stress is caused by the bending of the helical cord. In this study, the authors propose a parameter S_f=Rr/(scos α) to estimate the resistance of the bending fatigue failure basing on our mechanical analysis. Then, the authors carried out bending fatigue tests by using five types of test pieces, of which the geometrical factors, such as helix angle and radius of strand, are controlled. The fatigue failure resistance is well estimated using S_f. The fatigue failure is hard to initiate in the test pieces with small S_f
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Yoshikatsu OHTA, Hiroshi IIZUKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0303
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Synchronous belts for automobile is used under fluctuating torque conditions. In such conditions, fatigue cracks are usually initiated at tooth root in the driving direction side of the belt. At first, the shearing strain oat the tooth root was measured. Then, the shearing stress at the tooth root was analysed by using the FEM analysis in order to discuss this failure mechanism.
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Hiroyuki UEDA, Masanori KAGOTANI, Tomio KOYAMA, Shigemitsu TOCHIMORI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0304
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Helical synchronous belt drives are superior to conventional synchronous belt drives in terms of transmission and noise, however side tracking in helical drives is more problematic than in conventional drives due to the helical shape of the tooth trace. Helical synchronous belt runs on the pulley, while side tracking is occurred with offset, which is a difference in the axial direction between the belt on the driving pulley, and that on the driven Pulley, when the belt undergoes torque during operation. Therefore, the flange is generally fitted on the pulley to prevent the belt from running off the pulley. By using the flanged pulley, the side face of the belt is considered to result in wear because the belt is forced against the pulley flange. In the present study, the behavior of helical synchronous belt in the axial direction under torque was investigated when a flange was fitted to the driving or driven pulley. It was found that offset could be reduced by fitting a flange to the driving pulley alone, and that the quantity which pressed the belt to the flange could be reduced by fitting a flange to the driven pulley alone.
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Tomio KOYAMA, Weiming ZHANG, Masanori KAGOTANI, Atsusi SUGITANI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0305
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this papaer, the contact state between belt and pulley, the load distribution on pulley teeth and the frictional work of curvilinear tooth profile synchronous belt drives are computed by a finite element method. The calculation has been done every one tenth of the belt pitch. The contact between the belt tooth and the pulley tooth at the outlet incomplete meshing region of the driven pulley is kept around 1 pitch of the pulley. At the same time, the frictional work between the belt teeth and the pulley teeth becomes the maximum at this region. The frictional work at the complete meshing region is almost nothing. The tooth load on both the driving and the driven pulleys becomes the maximum at the meshing region which is close to the tight side of the belt.
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Weiming ZHANG, Tomio KOYAMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0306
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this paper, as a basic study on sandwich-belts conveyor, the belt tension distribution and belt conveying condition is discussed analytically. The analysis is carried out under static condition. Euler's friction transmission theory is used for judging belts conveying condition. A numerical calculation example for four pulleys and two belts layout is provided.
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Takayuki TOKOROYAMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0307
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In order to know the running-in process for ultra low friction of CNx sliding against Si_3N_4 balls in N_2, the effect of surface roughness of balls on friction coefficient was investigated. As results, it was shown that friction coefficient for all of Si_3N_4 balls decreased with sliding cycles and reached to the specific minimum values less than 0.05. For friction coefficient less than 0.01, smooth surface of ball with 30nm Ry as initial surface roughness was necessary. Smooth surfaces of CNx coating and Si_3N_4 ball after running-in provide ultra low friction after the transfer of tiny amount of CNx to Si_3N_4 ball and the generating of thin and uniform transfer film on balls.
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Tomohisa YAMADA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0308
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper proposes studies on a tribo-sheet that reduces the friction in short-stroke oscillating motions. The tribe-sheet has small embossed processes on the surface, and elastic deformation of the embossed processes generates a fluid flow wedge that can reduce friction loss. The experimental results on the lubrication properties show that low values of coefficient of friction are obtained for a sliding velocity range. Also, calculated results from a soft-EHL analysis show that the resulting pressure due to the shape modification of the sheet enables the system to support the applied load.
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Michiya OKAMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0309
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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An ultra-precision method of joining optical lenses in a cell has been developed by using a shrink fitter, which is made of plastics. This method gives contact pressure to the shrink fitter inserted between the optical lenses and the cell in various environmental temperature. Therefore, the contact pressure of the shrink fitted assembly decreased with time because of stress relaxation of the shrink fitter. Consequently, the assembly loosened and the radii of curvature of the lenses changed. We examined the effect of creep properties of the shrink fitter on its mounting performance for optical lenses theoretically and experimentally.
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Hiroshi OKUBO
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0310
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The characteristics of the motion of slipper bearing in swash plate type piston pump and motor effect greatly the performance, the reliability and etc. To estimate the fundamental motion of the slipper bearing, the measurement method of the rotational speed of the slipper bearing by means of an eddy current displacement sensor was presented. The method was proposed by paying attention to operating principle of the equipment. The rotational speed of the slipper bearing equaled approximately that of the swash plate. It was found that the rotational motions of the slipper bearing and of the piston synchronized.
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Shimpei NAKADA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0311
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The present report describes a new method for numerical analysis of tooth forms of shaved gear which is includes a new element for the finite element analysis; tooth flank film element. The new element has been proposed in order to solve a contact problem appearing in stress analysis of meshing gear pair, and has not only conventional information; e.g., node position and node displacement, but also special information on gear; e.g., tooth form deviation and normal vector of flank. Such a new element is applied to calculations of geometrical depth of cut at each cutting position which is used for calculation of material removal, and enables all of simultaneously contacting teeth to be considered. Calculated tooth forms with the new method showed good agreement with the measured one.
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Toshimasa KIKUCHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0312
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Concave conical gear can be cut with gear shaper. The tooth surface generated by this cutting method is different from the tooth surface of the conical involute gear. In this paper first, the theoretical profile of tooth surfaces is obtained. Secondly, principal radii are expressed in terms of basic dimensions of test gear and pinion-type putter. Finally, the tooth surfaces of the gear made for trial are compared with the theoretical tooth surfaces.
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Shinsuke IZUMI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0313
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In order to realize high speed casting to enlarge the working space of a casting manipulator that is composed of a rigid link, flexible link like tether and a gripper, three methods of generating its motion, that is transient swinging, rotating and extending have been proposed. Then, numerical simulations have been carried out to show their effectiveness from the points of view of the casting speed of the gripper and the requied time for generaing motion.
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Yuki Ishii
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0314
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A new surface mount system composed of parallel arrangement miniature manipulators was proposed by one of this paper authors. The miniature manipulator consists of a molded pantograph mechanism, which is composed of large deflective hinges and links, both made of the same materials, i.e., PP( Polypropylene). In the present study, the moment acting at the hinges in the molded pantograph mechanism is investigated dynamically by a theoretical analysis. In theory, the equation of moment at the hinge is shown by the sum of a restoring moment of elastic deformation and a viscous damping moment. In the experiments of the vibration between relative two links, a spring constant in the equation of restoring moment of elastic deformation and a viscous damping coefficient in the equation of viscous damping moment are obtained. By use of the dynamic theory including the equation of hinge moments, forces and moments acting at the hinges are analyzed. The obtained forces acting at the hinges are discussed, and compared with the forces acting at the pairs of the pantograph mechanism with revolute pairs. Furthermore, the dynamic output displacement of the pantograph mechanism is investigated experimentally comparing with the theoretical result.
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Takashi YARI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0315
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The present report describes finish-rolling of gears with shaving machine. In order to obtain the general information on die wheel design and the development of simulation program, plunge load of die wheel was measured. As a result, plunge load increases with the increase of die stroke on plunge process, and remains constant on dwell process. Furthermore, change in plunge load within short period has no definite frequency components. This fact shows that it is impossible to determine when, where, and how large plastic deformation is induced on tooth flank of work gear. Therefore, in order to develop the simulation program for finish-rolling of gears with shaving machine, a new deformation model should be constructed.
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Tatsuo SUZUKI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0316
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Micro-dies have sub-millimeter order shapes to make miniature products, for instance parts of information technique equipments. It is difficult to polish the die surface, because the polishing for such micro-dies needs microscopic hand polishing generally. So the development of an automatic polishing machine is required. In this study, polishing of micro-dies were carried out using MR fluid. Alumina particles were added to MR fluid at 0.2 or 0.4 g/ml as abrasives for polishing. MR fluid was held with a permanent magnet as polishing tool. From the results of polishing tests, the effectiveness of MR fluid polishing for deburring of micro-dies is shown.
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Shinji KAWAURA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0317
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Contaminants in hydraulic and lubricating oils are harmful to lubrication. There are two types of oil cleanliness standards; one is based on particle count like NAS 1638, ISO 4406, SAE AS4059 and JIS B9930, the other gravimetric analysis like ASTM D4898 and JIS B9931. The particle count method can tell us the number of particles of certain size ranges and the gravimetric method. the gross weight of contaminant in a certain quantity. But they cannot tell us what the contaminants are. When oils are used in machines for a long time, oils will be oxidized. As oil oxidation products are of molecular size, it is difficult to check by particle count. The authors have investigated the color of contaminants collected on membrane filters by a colorimetric device and found that the color of the contaminants in used oils showed a certain tendency.
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Yukinobu OHTAKI, Naoya OZAWA, Junji SUGISHITA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0318
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Toshikazu OSHIDARI, Jun WATANABE, Katuya KOBAYASHI, Itsuro MURAMOTO, H ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0319
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Toroidal continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) are being developed with a construction that uses power rollers to improve torque transmission capacity. This paper explains the static power roller synchronization mechanism. It makes clear the mechanism causing the power rollers to vibrate easily with mutually opposite phases. The results of this analysis show that the application of a spring effect relative to the displacement of the power roller axis in the tilt direction is effective in preventing this vibration.
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Masashi YAMANAKA, Gensou IGARI, Katsumi INOUE
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0320
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The crossed axle traction drive developed by authors has been applied to the new mechanism of CVT. The input and output shafts attaching conical disks are parallel and a idler shaft having conical roller at the end is placed across the input/output shafts. The relation between the movements of each axis to change a ratio is analyzed geometrically. Because the spin is generated during the speed change, the shape of curved disk was considered to decrease the amount of spin. The effect of it was confirmed by calculating the spin velocity at each contact point.
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Satoshi KISHI, Masaaki NAKAZAWA, Hitoshi WADA, Shuiti SANO, Tomio HORI ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0321
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A new type of a mechanical variable speed transmission, which consists of a 2K-H type differential gear and a HST unit, is devised. The pattern of this transmission is replaced with a combined planetary gear train system. Through a theoretical analysis of the system, it is confirmed that the power circulation is occurring in the system. And it is made possible to realize a new highly efficient transmission only by controlling the quantity of power circulation.
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Hiroshi GUNBARA, Akira TAKENOSHITA, Kiminori SATO, Hiroshi USUKI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0322
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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As a finishing of the gear, the gear honing is offten used recently. However, it becomes urgent that we extends the grinding wheel life and lowers the cost for the processing. This paper describes the effect of gear ratio between work gear and grinding wheel on the tool life, when the fixed crossed axes angle system was adopted. First, when the dressing was repeated, the difference of accuracy of work gear tooth profile in two gear sets with different gear ratio was shown by processing experiment. Considering from the viewpoint of skew gear, the change of the form of contact lines at every dressing is different between two gear sets, and it was proven that this gave great difference to the change of the tooth form accuracy of work gear.
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Isao SAKURAGI, Yasuhiro OCHI, Masao KAWATA, Masaaki NISHIOKA, Masataka ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0323
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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With the development of high-speed hobber and improvement of gear technology, high-speed dry hobbing has found extensive use in industry. In this paper, the authors have investigated the cause of and countermeasures against inclusion of chips occurred on gear tooth during high-speed carbide dry hobbing.
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Tomio HORIUCHI, Satoshi KISHI, Muneharu MOROZUMI, Yoshitaroh YOSHIDA, ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0324
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A precise analysis has been made for the polygonal error of the screw rotor which is cut by using the hob. Firstly, in case that the cutting edge profile of the hob is given as a series of dispersive points, theoretical equations are derived to represent the profile of the screw rotor which is cut by using the hob. Secondly, a theoretical analysis is made to obtain the polygonal error of the screw rotor by using these equations. Thirdly, a numerical analysis method is proposed to obtain the polygonal error of the screw rotor. Finally, the theories in this analysis are verified by applying the numerical analysis method to the dimensions of the screw rotor hobs.
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Kazuteru NAGAMURA, Kiyotaka IKEJO, Yasumasa HYAKUTANI, Masanobu UEDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0325
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper presents a study on the performance of external gear pumps with some asymmetric tooth profiles. We designed an involute gear and some non-involute gears with asymmetric tooth profile which has different tooth profiles on the sides of working flank and non-working flank. Then, we calculated the discharge volume of these gear pumps by using a new calculation method, and the calculated results were compared. Consequently, it is confirmed from the calculation result that the discharge volume of the gear pump with asymmetric involute tooth profile is about 15% larger than that of the gear pump with symmetric one.
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Hideo TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0326
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Many factors have ettect on load carrying characteristics or the spur gear pair. One of them is the lubricating oil. In especial, the temperature in oil is the most important item, because high temperature in oil causes decrease in viscosity and a degradation chemical action of additives. The temperature in oil has a relation to the bulk temperature of gear. Therefore, the effect of each condition, such as the transmitting torque, the rotational speed of gear, the quantity of oil and the module of gear, on the bulk temperature of gear was investigated. The aim of this paper is to estimate the bulk temperature rise of spur gears, which relates the temperature rise in oil. Each condition was investigated by using the testing equipment that is a power circulating type. As a result, the effects of operational conditions were found. The bulk temperature of spur gears in oil bath and various other conditions were discussed.
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Kazuteru NAGAMURA, Kiyotaka IKEJO, Susumu SAITO
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0327
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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We have proved that involute-cycloid composite tooth profile spur gear was superior to involute spur gear regarding the surface durability and the tooth bending strength. In this study, we measured gear loss by the oil immersion formula using the involute-cycloid composite tooth profile spur gear and the involute spur gear, and we discussed on the power transmission efficiency of involute-cycloid composite tooth profile gear. Consequently, the tooth surface friction loss of the involute-cycloid composite tooth profile spur gear was about 40% less than the involute spur gear, and it was identified that involute-cycloid composite tooth profile spur gear was superior to involute spur gear on the power transmission efficiency.
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Hiroshi GUNBARA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0328
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Face gears can be substituted for bevel gears or hypoid gears. However they can be used only in restricted applications today. Recently, a new application of face gears for helicopter transmissions has been proposed and face gears have attracted special interest. In the face gears, generally, the pinion is a conventional spur or helical gear with involute form. Therefore, when the gear dimensions were given, there is little degree of freedom for the gear design. This paper introduces a face gear adopting arcuate tooth profile on the pinion. And this paper describes the effects of the radius of the arcuate tooth profile on the constitution of the surface of contact and on the tooth contact patterns.
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Takao KOIDE, Satoshi ODA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0329
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper presents a study on the surface load bearing capacities of WN (SymMarC and Haseg SymMarC) and involute gears. A method for calculating contact stress of WN gear teeth in mesh, which was developed by the authors, was indicated. The contact stresses of WN and involute gear teeth with various dimensions were calculated under different applied loads. The relations between the applied load and maximum contact stress and the surface load bearing capacities of WN and involute gears were determined. The maximum contact stresses of WN gears were found to be relatively larger than those of involute gears for smaller applied load, but to become relatively smaller than the latter for larger applied load. WN gears are considered to be better to use than involute gears for the case of larger module and applied load and smaller helix angle and number of teeth
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Shigeru HOYASHOTA, Kazutoyo HIRA, Kei NAKAMURA, Noriaki HAYASHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0330
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Ryohei ISHIMARU, Yasutsune ARIURA, Koichi YOSHIOKA, Wataru TOMETAKA, M ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0331
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this paper, the load-carrying capacity, in particular, the surface durability of gear pairs with a combination of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) gear and hardened steel one is investigated using a power-circulating type gear testing machine. At high load conditions, a shot-peening must be conducted on the tooth of ADI gears to increase its bending strength. But the surface durability of conventional shot-peened ADI gears decreases because the surface roughness increases by the conventional shot-peening with shots diameter of 0.3mm. The authors applied two types of fine particle shot-peening with shots diameter of about 40〜45μm in order not to make the gear tooth surface rough. As the result of experiments, the surface durability of fine particle shot-peened ADI gear is improved compared with conventional shot-peened one because the tooth surface roughness does not increase.
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Akira YOSHIDA, Yuji OHUE, Masanori SEKI, Masayasu SATO
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0332
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this report, the influence of shot peening on the surfce durability of plasma case-hardened sintered powder metal gears was investigated using a power circulating gear testing machine. The hardness and the surface roughness of the gears increased by the shot peening. The failure mode of the unpeened gears was pitting, and that of the shot-peened gears was spalling. The surface durabilities of the shot-peened gears were higher than that of the unpeened gear in these experiments. While, the failed location on the tooth surface and each failed tooth could be detected by using the wavelet transform of the dynamic characteristics of the gears, such as dynamic tooth root strain and vibration acceleration of gear box.
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Shigeru HOYASHITA, Hiro KUBOTA, Norikazu FUJII, Mituie TAKEMASU, Tatuo ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0333
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Kouitsu MIYACHIKA, Takao KOIDE, Satoshi ODA, Naoki MOTOOKA, Keiichi UE ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0334
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A FEM simulation program for induction hardening of sintered metal shafts was developed. An electromagnetic field analysis, a heat conduction analysis and an elastic-plastic stress analysis during the induction hardening process of sintered metal shafts were carried out for various hardening conditions by using this program, considering changes of the magnetic permeability, the resistivity, the thermal expansion coefficient and the yield stress with the temperature. The effects of the electric power and the frequency on the temperature and the stress during the hardening process, the residual stress and the hardened layer of sintered metal shafts were examined, and compared with those of wrought metal (S35C) shafts.
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Fumihiro OHSHIMA, Hidehiro YOSHINO
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0335
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A generalized method to calculate axis displacements of gear pairs caused by bending and twisting deflections of gear shafts is proposed, and also a calculation method of equivalent tooth surface errors based on the axis displacement is proposed. Through a couple of calculation examples, it is shown that there is a combination of gear dimensions and gear drive structure to minimize the equivalent surface errors.
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Hidehiro YOSHINO, Fumihiro OHSHIMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0336
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A new practical method to analyze tooth contact of involute gears with modified tooth surfaces in consideration of tooth deflection and alignment error is proposed. 3-D tooth deflection was calculated by replacing to a 2-D problem. Transmission error and contact pattern calculated using the proposed method almost agreed with the measured ones.
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Syuhei KUROKAWA, Yasutsune ARIURA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0337
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Exact analytical solutions to obtain transmission errors with radial eccentricities of involute cylindrical gears are derived. Transmission errors including eccentricities of a pair of spur gear are measured and compared with analytical results. The measured and calculated transmission errors agree with each other and the proposed analysis is verified accurately. The influence of phase angle differences is investigated under no load. It is quite small but is not negligible comparing to the amount of transmission error caused by tooth flank topography and tooth deflections. In addition, transmission error of a micro gear system is calculated. The result shows that if the system is similar in shape, the calculated results are exactly the same. That means it will be quite difficult for the micro gear system to keep smooth engagement comparing to the conventional one.
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Syuhei KUROKAWA, Yasutsune ARIURA, Yoshikazu KAWAMURA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0338
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Experimental formulas of gear deflection are derived from measured transmission errors. Supposing that tooth deflection with respect to applied load can be expressed approximately as a curve of the second order, the compliance of one-tooth engagement is estimated. Transmission error curves of a helical gear pair under load are calculated with obtained tooth compliance. To obtain more accurate transmission error, load sharing rate is modified so as to become smooth. Calculated transmission error curves under the modified load sharing rate are very similar to measured ones. That means the behavior of load sharing rate is clarified by experiment in a reverse way.
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Ichiro MORIWAKI, Kenji Inoue, Myungsoo Kim
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0339
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The present paper describes the noise appeared in measured tooth form. The noise is inevitable, and affects on measurement accuracy. However, the noise could not be determined. Therefore, in the present report, the noise was extracted from flattened tooth form by the moving average method comparing it with raw output from measuring apparatus. As a result, the noise can be considered as random numbers with normal distribution. Furthermore, tooth form can be measured in sufficient accuracy when it is flattened by the moving average method.
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Shigeki MATSUMURA, Naohiro MARUYAMA, Haruo HOUJOH, Shun-ichi OHSHIMA, ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0340
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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For further vibration reduction of a gear system, we discuss about availability of active vibration reduction of a gear system. We proposed a gear system whose driven shaft is pushed with PZT actuators toward the direction of line of action of the gear pair. Because main vibration component is mesh frequency component, there is a possibility that gear vibration can be suppress rather easily than other types of machinery. As a foundation, the active vibration reduction gear system is operated changing the phase and amplitude of PZT actuator force and vibration behaviors are measured.
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Shuting LI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0341
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper investigates resonance frequency behavior of three-dimensional, thin-rimmed spur gears (3DTRG) by experimental methods. Resonance frequencies and mode shapes of the 3DTRG are measured and compared with solid gears with the same gearing parameters at the speed range of 500 to 3000rpm. Critical speeds of the 3DTRG are measured also. Fourier Transformation is used to analyze frequency components of the vibration signals at critical speeds. It is found that there are several resonance frequency components existing in the same time at gear's critical speeds and the 4^<th> order rim bending structural vibration is a very important vibration mode that make amplitude of vibration signal very big. Effects of gear wall thickness, teeth mesh stiffness and assembly errors on resonance frequencies and dynamic load factors of the 3DTRG are investigated experimentally.
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Masaya HAGIWARA, Hidetaka OKUBO, Takeshi NAKAYAMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0401
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The dynamic loadability of bolt-nut joints is one of the most important indices in designing machinery or structures, and many studies have been carried out on the fatigue strength of the bolt-nut joints having standard specifications specified in ISO 898's. However, there are many other practical applications of bolt-nut assemblies in which the mechanical properties of nuts (or female threaded fasteners) are not in accordance with ISO standards. This paper deals with the fatigue strength of such types of bolt-nut joints. Nut height, nut property class and nut material are selected as variables, and their effects on the fatigue strength have been investigated both by fatigue testing and FEM analysis. The results show that all of the variables affect on the fatigue strength and/or failure mode, and hence, it is concluded that we should pay more attention on the nut specifications in the fatigue design of bolt-nut assemblies.
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Michihiko TANAKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0402
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The strength of a threaded connection depends upon the type of the load applied to the connection. There must be some cases when the threaded connections are loaded eccentrically in tightening. For the case with the threaded connection in eccentric tightening, if the geometry of the connection can be regarded as axisymmetric, but the loading components are not. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the technical application for performing the boundary elements analyses of axi-symmetric bodies with non symmetrical loading.
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Toshiyuki SAWA, Akira MURAMATSU, Yoshihito SUZUKI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0403
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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