A new type of an electric field in which the converging field component and the dipole field component vary independently, was proposed. According to this assumption, the differential equation of aparaxial beam was deduced from the Lagrangian function firstly in the cylindrical co-ordinate system and then in the arbitrarily given curvilinear co-ordinate system. Especially, in the latter case, only the central plane symmetry of the field wasassumed. Then the results of these two cases were compared with each other.
Ion intensity thermal analysis by means of a Knudsen cell-mass spectrometer combination was applied to the study of invariant reactions in the Ag-Mn alloy system. In this study, the ion intensity of a component of the sample was measured as an index of temperature of the sample. Sensitivity and features of the ion intensity thermal analysis were discussed in comparison with the conventional thermal analysis with thermocouples. Temperature and type of the invariant reactions in Ag-Mn alloys were reported. Comparison of several published phase diagrams for this system was made in the light of the present study.