Understanding Color is the fusion of today's imaging technology with our 160-century history of making pictures. Molecular physics describes the mechanisms of light-matter interactions, while painters and picture makers have led the way to understanding how we see Color. The painter's hand is controlled by his Color Vision. While Molecular Physics happens at the atomic scale, Color Vision is controlled by neurons interacting with the entire scene. The threads of Painting, Reproduction Technology, Physics, and human Color Vision weave together to make 2020‘s Color.

Observing is the act of actively approaching an object, and the results of observation vary according to the approach, so it can be thought of as similar to talking with the object. The 5th exhibition, “Talking with Color”, held at the col.lab Gallery from Nov 19, 2019 to Apr 25, 2020, is an art exhibit in which viewers can feel as if they are interacting with color, such as by changing it autonomously or according to their behavior or subjectivity.

This paper presents real-time emotion estimation system using the Face API of Microsoft Azure. The system can display the results of estimated emotion extracted from face image with color light. We introduce the Face API of Microsoft Azure which is a kind of cognitive service to identify and analyze content within images. Experimental results showed that the proposed system is effective for implementing an estimation of not only emotion but also age and gender in real-time.

Conventional lights used in house were only white and the industrial standard that has recommended the optimal usage of lights have based on the color temperature. Illumination used in daily life these days has extended to provide the capability of using full color lights thanks to recent progress of LED lighting technology, but the standard mentioned above has not considered the effect of color lights on humans yet. Here we investigated the effect of colored lighting conditions on human cognitive performance by conducting an experiment where the subjects from multiple elderly generations executed cognitive tasks under several specific illumination conditions with color to see how the task score and their biological responses would vary among the conditions.

Butterflies often feed on nectar of colorful flowers. How do they find flowers? Do they discriminate flowers by color? We found a swallowtail butterfly uses sophisticated color vision when searching for food. Surprisingly, color vision system appears to be very much different among animals, even among butterflies. I will overview the current understanding of insect color vision from the evolutionary point of view: each animal has its own visual world. Study of insect vision should also contribute designing novel “visual” devices and to manage insect pests for the crop without using chemical insecticides.

Contemporary photographers have the idea of conflating the imaging possibilities of digital technologies with an experimental spirit. The AI photographer developed in this project can produce experimental photographs using deep learning, by which the methods of a human contemporary photographer are learned by artistic style transfer neural networks. The AI photographer generated thousands of diverse mutations of a photograph as if forming a new generation that builds the future as the descendants of a few pairs of parents.

Focusing on the mortar portion, which is considered to determine the color of concrete, experimental verification was conducted on the effect of the amount of pigment used on the color of colored mortar. In the preliminary experiment, the color of the mixed powder of cement and pigment constituting the cement paste appearing on the surface layer of the mortar was measured. As a result, it was found that the region in which the color of the mixed powder effectively changes as the pigment substitution rate increases or decreases is in the range where the pigment substitution rate relative to the cement mass is lower than 5% to 10%. Further, in the range where the pigment substitution rate relative to the cement mass is lower than 5%, a clear change appears in the L*a*b* values of the mortar as the pigment use amount is increased or decreased. As the pigment substitution rate increased, the L* value decreased and the a*b* value approached the pigment color. However, since mortar with the low pigment substitution rate of 1.25% can be clearly confirmed visually to be blue, green, or yellow, relatively inexpensive colored mortar is considered to be usable, taking into account the optimum use method, including the factor of cost.

This project constitute of the two independent themes related with the structural color materials. (1) The one is to develop the structural color materials detecting the aging degradation of building material as the change of color. (2) The other one is to develop the educational tool made it possible to visualize and colorize the sounds. At first, we succeeded in directly applying a structural color pigment on the rough surface of concrete without primer coating. Secondary, we demonstrate the visualization and colorization of Chladni patterns created by the structural color materials.

This paper contributes to reevaluation of German classic ideas of colors, especially of Goethe. First, the outline and feature of Goethe’s theory of color is described. Next academic relation between Goethe and Hegel on color is considered from the development of Hegel’s philosophic logic. Then we compare some modernist remarks on German classic thoughts of color from contemporary Aspect.

Graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) exhibit various colors depending on the materials used for intercalation and their concentrations. The color of a GIC, which suggests its electrical properties, is the most important characteristic of a GIC. In this study, we synthesized graphite compounds with many different types of intercalated materials, such as alkali metals, metal chlorides, acids, and amalgams to obtain GICs that display a range of striking colors. Here we present a summary of the color images of the GICs together with their synthetic procedures, structures, and selected physical properties.

A multicolor holographic flip-books system is presented, in which angle-multiplexed image plane holograms are recorded using an Fe-doped LiNbO3 (LN) crystal as recording media with a 532-nm green laser. A 633-nm red He-Ne laser, the 532-nm green laser, and a 432-nm blue diode laser were used to illuminate the recorded holograms. Multicolor flip-books are obtained when the LN crystal was slowly rotated. Bragg mismatching from the use of three wavelengths is compensated by changing the reconstructing angles.

The fundamental data of color science are color matching functions, which represent the spectral absorption properties of cone photoreceptors. All colorimetry follows from these functions, which, in standard form, are intended to represent the average sensitivities of the population of human observers with normal color vision. Individuals are, however, individual and have their own color matching functions and other visual responses that naturally vary from the mean. This paper provides a review of the nature and magnitude of individual differences in color matching functions and other mechanisms of color perception along with suggestions for practical systems to account for individual differences in colorimetric practice.

We demonstrated the emissions of multi-colored light from a powder electroluminescent device using a thermochromic material through a temperature control. At room temperature, the emission of a sapphire blue light from the device was observed under the application of an alternative current voltage. With an increase in the temperature, the color of the thermochromic materials changed from orange to white, leading to sky blue emissions from the device owing to the decrease in energy transfer from the excited state of the phosphor to the thermochromic material.

Au nano-islands were immobilized on ITO electrodes by pulse electrolysis. Poly(pyrrole) [PPy] was electrochemically polymerized using the nano-structured electrode (Au-ITO). The electrochromic changes of PPy on the Au-ITO could be more stable than one on an untreated ITO electrode.

High quality safflower red pigment was extracted by an improved method of traditional one. The extracted pigment shows a green metallic luster in a dry state. In this project, this phenomenon was studied scientifically and the obtained results were expressed as a movie film.

We developed a self-localization technique using an omnidirectional camera for an autonomous soccer-playing robot. Positional information is important for the robot’s strategic behavior and cooperation. We developed a self-localization method, which uses the white lines on the soccer field to generate a search space model, and a fitness function in a genetic algorithm (GA) to identify the robot’s position on the pitch. We conducted an experiment to verify the accuracy of this method and confirmed the difference in positional accuracy by using team members who adjust the parameters for color detection.

Our visual system can adapt to various changes in the color environment and maintain a stable color appearance (e.g., color constancy). The combination of multiple cues presents within objects and surroundings in a natural three-dimensional scene should contribute to color constancy. However, specular highlights would have only a little contribution. Face and skin are essential natural stimuli in our life. It has been suggested the existence of color perception specific to facial skin. We showed that reddish skin appears brighter than yellowish skin for Japanese observers, but our international comparison implies that various factors may also influence facial color perception.

Color is closely related to photography, printing, and optics, which have been research fields of TPU since its foundation. Color is also one of the fundamental elements of art. In such a background, In such a background, our project have held between exhibition including workshop. and research of scientific view point. Since the category adopted by the University is Type B (global development type), some of the above activities will be introduced and exhibited at museums overseas. Specifically, the representative activities were exhibited at the Emile Kreuz-Seder Museum (Municipal) in Finland. Furthermore, in the foreign country of Finland, we took care to convey Japanese culture from the viewpoint of art and engineering from the ancient tradition of Japan, "BENI".