済州島糸状虫浸淫地のミクロフィラリア (mf.) 陽性者の住居で採集した, 自然感染Aedes togoiより得た感染幼虫を, 鼠径部皮下に注射して, 3頭のイエネコにChe-ju strainのB. malayiを感染させることに成功した。その感染ネコを, 恒温室内で累代飼育中のAe. togoi (Nagasaki strain) に吸血させて得た感染幼虫を接種し, 9頭のネコに第2代の感染を成立させた。Ae. togoiを用い2頭の, Ae. aegypti (Liverpool strain) を用い4頭のネコに, 皮下接種により第3代の感染を成立させた。接種後mf.を末梢血に検出するまでに91-131日を要した。末梢血中のmf.数は感染の成立したネコの1/3-2/3では, 次第に増加した。従ってネコはChe-ju strainのB. malayiの比較的好適な宿主と考えられる。Che-ju strainのmf.はヒトではperiodic typeであるが, ネコでは夜間出現性が顕著でなく, 昼間にもかなり末梢血中に認められ, sub- periodicの傾向を示した。生前或は剖検時mf. が検出された8頭のうち, 2頭の腎周囲脂肪組織より成虫が回収された。成虫の局在部位は, 接種された虫体の体内部リンパ管への移動を示唆し, その為, 剖検時成虫の検出が困難となると思われる。累代飼育中のAe. tojoiのB. malayi感染幼虫による感染率は69.3%で, 感染蚊1個当たりの平均保有感染幼虫数は, 5.8隻であった。従ってAe. togoiはB. malayiのlaboratory vectorとして用い得る。Armigeres subalbatusはB. malayiに感受性を示さなかったが, 近似種のB. pahanjiは両種の蚊にて感染幼虫まで発育した。

抄録全体を表示

Acute schistosomiasis japonica has become a rare disease in the past fifteen years in Kofu basin because of the marked decrease of Oncomelania nosophora, however, our attention is drawn to the chronic type of disease which has many clinical problems.
The purpose of this study is to clarify epidemiological status of schistosomiasis at present by means of rectal biopsy, the threshold value of the skin test and COP test.
In the period from 1967 to 1973, the 217 patients of Koma-Kyoritsu Hospital were examined by rectal biopsy, the skin test with Melcher's antigen and COP test under the suspicion of chronic schis-tosomiasis. For determining the threshold value of the skin test, twofold dilution series of the antigen solution were prepared, and microscopic examination was made on the raw specimen obtained by rectal biopsy to see whether the eggs were fresh or old.
The results were as follows :
1) The egg positivity of rectal biopsy specimen was significantly higher than that of stool specimen tested with MIFC method.
2) The COP positivity increased in parallel to the increase of the threshold value of the skin test indiluting grade. Among the patients of rectal biopsy, the COP positivity seemed to be higher in the case with 100 or more eggs. It was also significantly higher in the case being detected fresh eggs in the mucosal specimen.
3) The area irrigated by the River Kamanashi was divided into three districts, I, II and III, according to the collected numbers of the snails, which increased in number in order of I < II < III.
a. The incidence of cases with low dilution threshold value of the skin test decreased in order of I = II > III, while cases with high dilution threshold value increased in order of I< II< III.
b. The incidence of the egg-positive cases by rectal biopsy increased in order of I< II< III.
c. The incidence of the patients with eggs over 100 by rectal biopsy increased in order of I < II <III.
d. The incidence of the patients with only old eggs by rectal biopsy decreased in order of I > II > III, while that of the patients being detected fresh eggs increased in order of I< II < III. Thus, results of rectal biopsy and the threshold value of the skin test corresponded with the distribution of the snails both quantitatively and qualitatively.
As mentioned above, the rectal biopsy and the threshold value of the skin test are the important diagnostic parameters, and they are also important for epidemiological analysis of chronic schistosomiasis in such a situation of infection in Japan, where the eggs in feces used to be discovered with difficulty.

抄録全体を表示

A new improved method to demonstrate plasmodia in tissue section is presented and discussed. Sections are treated with 0.25% potassium permanganate, 2% oxalic acid and 2% iron alum before the application of Giemsa solution buffered at pH 7.2. Differentiation is carried out in 0.5% acetic acid and then in methanol and isopropanol. From our experience this method provides advantages over other methods such as Sano's Giemsa stain, Sano's Pappenheim double stain, Thomas' method, Mallory's PMB method, Price's method, Wolbach's method, Bayley's method and Drury's method, since plasmodia in the tissue can more clearly be demonstrated and more constant results can be obtained.
Ten-percent buffered formalin and Zenker's formalin solution are better fixatives than Bouin's, Carnoy's and ethanol for this purpose.
A new method for the removal of malarial pigment using pyridine is also presented.

抄録全体を表示

A 21-year-old nurse was admitted to Tenri Hospital on June 25, 1973 in comatous state. She had neither been to the malarial endemic area nor been transfused. However, three weeks before admission she had taken care of a patient with falciparum malaria as a nurse for two days. Six days before admission she had suffered from fever and headache. And three days before admission she had lapsed into coma.
The thin blood films revealed Plasmodium, falciparum parasites. The parasite count was 4, 230/cmm, erythrocyte count was 423 × 10⁴/cmm, and leucocyte count was 14, 300/cmm.
She was administered 600 mg of chloroquine, 1, 000 mg of sulformethoxine and 50 mg of pyri-methamine through a stomach tube, but she died 4 hours after her admission.
Necropsy findings were as follows : (a) Macroscopic findings; the brain was violet in color and splenomegaly, 330 g, was seen. Several small bleeding foci were seen in the gastrointestinal tracts and respiratory organs. (b) Microscopic findings; malarial parasites were revealed in the red blood cells of many organs, especially of the brain, spinal cord, spleen, liver, lungs and lymph nodes. Malarial pigments were demonstrated in the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, heart, lungs, kidneys, ovaries, uterus and bone marrow.
Possible infectious course of this case was discussed. It was presumable that the source of the infection was an imported falciparum malaria case and that she was accidentaly, artificially and directly infected through nursing.

抄録全体を表示

Leishmania donovaniのpromastigote formをBHK 21に感染させて標的細胞とし, これに同原虫とFreund's complete adjuvantを混ぜて感作したモルモットからの感作脾細胞及び抗血清を加え, in vitro細胞障害性試験を行ったところ, 抗血清に補体の存在下で著明な標的細胞破壊が認められたが, 感作脾細胞及びFreund's complete adjuvant単独免疫抗血清では細胞障害能はみられなかった。又, 非感染BHK21を標的細胞とすると抗血清にも障害能はみられず, 同原虫の防御免疫における, 液性抗体の重要性を示唆する結果を得た。

抄録全体を表示