Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

Studies on Collagenase of a Marine Bacterium

Part I. The Isolation and Determination of Microorganism Producing Collagenase

Kazunori HANADA, Taku MIZUTANI, Michio YAMAGISHI, Masaharu TAMAI, Hiko ...

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1651-1659
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1651

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A Marine bacterium, strain 7-246-6, islated from sea water water was found to elaborate aerobically an extracellular enzyme specific for native collagen and gelatin. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa from the morphological and physiological characteristics, though the strain 7-246-6 slightly differs from the latter in the following points; the shape of the colony on the plate culture, the optimum growth temperature, the presence of granule by granular staining, the utlization of carbohydrates and the number of flagellum.

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Studies on Transglycosidation to Vitamin B₆ by Microorganisms

Part V. Enzymatic Properties of Pyridoxine Glucoside-synthesizing Enzyme (α-Glucosidase) of Micrococcus sp. No. 431

Fusako KAWAI, Hideaki YAMADA, Koichi OGATA

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1660-1667
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1660

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Some properties of pyridoxine glucoside-synthesizing enzyme were studied using the partially and highly purified enzyme preparations from Micrococcus sp. No. 431.
The enzyme was stable at pH 7.0 and between 0°C and 30°C. The maximal activity was obtained at pH 8.0 and 37°C. Besides sucrose, phenyl-α-D-glucoside and maltose served as glucosyl donor. Of vitamin B6 compounds tested, only pyridoxine served as glucosyl acceptor. The enzyme activity was inhibited by PCMB and heavy metal ions, and the inhibition was prevented by 2-mercaptoethanol, indicating the enzyme would be a sulfhydryl enzyme. The activity was not affected by chelating agents and not activated by metal ions.

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Isolation of a Protease from a Rhizopus Product

Yoshiaki KURONO, Masao CHIDIMATSU, Koki HORIKOSHI, Yonosuke IKEDA

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1668-1675
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1668

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1. A protease has been crystallized from Gluczyme (a mixture of extracellular en-zymes produced by Rhizopus niveus) by salting out with ammonium sulfate followed by dialysis against distilled water or 0.2M NaCl solution. The results of gel filtration, sedimentation, and N-terminal amino acid analyses have indicated that the crystallized preparation is quite pure.
2. The enzyme possesses the following properties: sedimentation coefficient. 4.37 S; specific extinction (E^1%_{280mμ, 1cm}), 12.6; N-terminal amino acid, glycine; molecular weight, 40300; total number of amino acid, 337; chemical composition (%), C, 50.94; H, 7.01; N, 15.39 and S, 0.33; optimum pH, 3.5_??_4.0 (casein); and optimum temperature, 50°C.
3. The enzyme hydrolyzes oxidized B-chain of insulin. The hydrolysis products differ a little from those reported with Rhizopus chinensis protease.

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Enzymatic Synthesis of D(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin

Part I. Selection of Penicillin Acylase-producing Bacteria

Takashi NARA, Masanaru MISAWA, Ryo OKACHI, Mitsuyoshi YAMAMOTO

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1676-1682
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1676

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In order to search for microorganisms able to synthesize D(-)-α-aminobenzylpenicillin (ampicillin) from 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), experiments were undertaken to screen out organisms possessing potent penicillin acylase (EC 3.5.1.11). From numerous bacteria, Actinomycetes, Yeasts and Basidiomycetes, we selected as acylase producers Pseudomonas crusiviae, Kluyvera citrophila, Streptomyces ambofaciens, and Nocardia globerula. The latter also could form the enzyme on a n-paraffin medium. Among these, K. citrophila KY 3641 was a most promising organism for ampicillin biosynthesis from 6-APA. Approximately 10mg/ml of 6-APA were formed from penicillin G in about 90% yield by use of its intact cells.

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Flavonoids in Citrus and Related Genera

Part II. Isolation and Identification of Isonaringin and Neoeriocitrin from Citrus

Masao NISHIURA, Shintaro KAMIYA, Sachiko ESAKI, Fumiko ITO

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1683-1690
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1683

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Chemical structure of isonaringin (I), originally isolated from C. pseudogulgul and C. tengu, was studied. Permethylation of I followed by acid hydrolysis yielded 2, 3, 4-tri-O-methyl L-rhamnose and 2, 3, 4-tri-O-methyl D-glucose which were identified by comparing with authentic specimens by paper and thin-layer chromatographies. Partial methylation of I with dimethyl sulfate afforded didymin (II), 7-rutinoside of isosakuranetin, which could further be dehydrogenated to linarin (V), 7-rutinoside of acacetin. II and V were identified by mp, mixed mp, UV, IR, and comparison with authentic specimens, respectively. Thus I was proved to be identical with narirutin, 7-rutinoside of naringenin. Isolation of I from many species of citrus was also carried out. Neoeriocitrin, 7-neohes-peridoside of eriodictyol, was isolated from two Japanese miscellaneous varieties of citrus and a poncirus hybrid. The structure was assigned by degradative, spectral and thin-layer chromatographic evidences.

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Flavonoids on Citrus and Related Genera

Part III. Falvonoid Pattern and Citurs Taxonomy

Masao NISHIURA, Shintaro KAMIYA, Sachiko ESAKI

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1691-1706
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1691

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The occurrence and distribution of flavanone glycosides in flowers, young and mature leaves, young and ripe fruits, dividing them into peels, segment membranes and juices, of many kinds of citrus were investigated. The occurrence of narirutin, eriocitrin and neoeriocitrin is fairly common to a number of species in genus citrus. Results also indicate that flavonoid patterns in citrus can be classified into eleven groups or more and further they can be summarized in two large groups: (a) those composed of flavanone rutinosides and (b) those composed of flavanone neohesperidosides. Thus the chemotaxonomic table of citrus was given as the results of our study in connection with the Tanaka's classification.
Flavonoids in some artificial citrus hydrids were also studied.

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Studies on Biological Activity of Cyclic Imide Compounds

Part I. Antimicrobial Activity of 3-Phenyloxazolidine-2, 4-diones and Related Compounds

Akira FUJINAMI, Toshiaki OZAKI, Shigeo YAMAMOTO

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1707-1719
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1707

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The structure-activity relationships of 3-phenyloxazolidine-2, 4-diones, 3-phenyl-4-imino-oxazolidine-2-ones and N-phenylcarbamates were investigated on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by the agar medium dilution method. In addition, antimicrobial spectra of several compounds against other 15 pathogenic microbes were investigated by the same method. In each series, 3, 5-dihalo-substituents on benzene ring are essential to high antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and in the case of N-phenylcarbamates, it is necessary that the α-position of alcohol moiety is substituted by such a group as cyano group, ethoxy-carbonyl group or carbamoyl group. α-Cyanoisopropyl N-(3, 5-dichlorophenyl) carbamate, 3-(3', 5'-dichlorophenyl)-5, 5-dimethyl-4-iminooxazolidine-2-one and 3-(3', 5'-dichlorophenyl)-5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione were the most effective and completely inhibited the mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at 3.2 pM (about 1.0ppm). In general, 3-(3', 5'-dichlorophenyl) oxazolidine-2, 4-diones and related compounds are highly active against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea, and fairly active against Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Pellicularia filamentosa, Pellicularia sasakii and Alternaria kikuchiana.

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Micro-analysis of Amino Acids with Fluorescein-isothiocyanate

Part I. Preparation and Chromatography of Fluoresceinthiocarbamyl Amino Acids

Hiroshi KAWAUCHI, Katuyuki KADOOKA, Makoto TANAKA, Katura TUZIMURA

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1720-1726
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1720

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Studies on Mold Dextranases

Part II. Dextranase Production by a Strain of Astpergillus carneus

Daisuke TSURU, Nobutsugu HIRAOKA, Tsuneyo HIROSE, Juichiro FUKUMOTO

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1727-1732
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1727

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Nine strains capable of producing dextranase were isolated from soil. Among them, a strain belonging to the genus Aspergillus was chosen as the best producer of the enzyme. The mold produced greater amounts of dextranase than those found in some strains in the genus Penicillium, when grown aerobically at 28°C for 5 to 6 days in medium containing 1% dextran, 1% NaNO₃ or polypeptone, 0.2% yeast extracts, 0.4% K₂HPO₄ and small amounts of inorganic salts, pH 8.5. From the comparative taxonomic experiments, the mold used here was identified to be a strain belonging to Aspergillus carneus.

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Studies on the Ventilation in Submerged Fermentations

Part I. Dissolution and Dissociation of Carbon Dioxide in the Model System

Ayaaki ISHIZAKI, Hiroshiro SHIBAI, Yoshio HIROSE, Teruo SHIRO

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1733-1740
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1733

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Studies on Composition of Tobacco Smoke

Part XV Volatile Compounds from the Neutral Fraction of Tobacco Smoke Condensates (1)

Yoichi KABURAKI, Hitoshi SHIGEMATSU, Yusuke YAMASHITA, Hideko KUSAKABE

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1741-1750
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1741

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The steam volatile neutral fraction of tobacco smoke condensates was separated into n-hexane, nitromethane and 1:4 water-methanol soluble fractions by solvent partition.
Skatole, 3-ethylindole, aromatic nitriles, phenols, acetophenones, 1-indanones, coumarins, 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-hexenoic acid lactone, dihydroactinidiolide and phthalide were isolated from the 1:4 water-methanol soluble fraction, the highly polar portion of the steam volatile neutral fraction was designated as the M fraction.

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Studies on Composition of Tobacco Smoke

Part XVI. Volatile Compounds from the Neutral Fraction of Tobacco Smoke Condensates (2)

Hitoshi SHIGEMATSU, Reiko ONO, Yusuke YAMASHITA, Yoichi KABURAKI

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1751-1758
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1751

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Synthese von 1, 3, 5-Triazinen aus Aminosäuren-Derivaten (II)

Von Eiichi KUWANO, Eiji TANIGUCHI, Kazuyuki MAEKAWA

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1759-1767
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1759

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The carboxyl group of N-blocked amino acids or peptides was combined with biguanides in the presence of DCC to obtain s-triazin-derivatives.

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Synthetic Studies on Cyclopentane Derivatives

Part III. A New Synthesis of Prostaglandin-F₁ Skeleton

Junki KATSUBE, Hiromi SHIMOMURA, Eichi MURAYAMA, Katsuyuki TOKI, Masan ...

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1768-1774
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1768

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A new synthetic route to prostaglandin-F₁ skeleton from readily accessible 2-carboxy-hexyl-cyclopentane-1, 3, 4-trione was achieved. The route included 2-alkyl-3-cyano-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-l-one as an intermediate.

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Studies on Bacteriolytic Enzymes

Staphylococcus aureus-lytic Enzyme from Streptomyces

Tadashi YOSHIMOTO, Toshihiro NAKANISHI, Juichiro FUKUMOTO, Daisuke TSU ...

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1775-1782
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1775

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Production of Alkaline Enzymes by Alkalophilic Microorganisms

Part II. Alkaline Amylase Produced by Bacillus No. A-40-2

Koki HORIKOSHI

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1783-1791
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1783

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Bacillus No. A-40-2 isolated from soil produced an alkaline amylase in alkaline media. The characteristic point of this microorganism was especially good growth in alkaline media, and no growth was detected in neutral media such as nutrient broth. The alkaline amylase of Bacillus No. A-40-2 was purified by DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyl apatite columns. The amylase was most active at pH 10.5 and stable pH was about 8.5. Calcium ion was effective to stabilize the enzyme especially at high temperatures. The sedimentation constant was about 3.8 S and molecular weight estimated by the Sephadex gel-filtration method was about 70000. The enzyme was inactivated by urea, sodium laurylsulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. EDTA, PCMB and DFP did not show inhibitory effect. The enzyme hydrolyzed about 700 of starch and yielded glucose, maltose and maltotriose. If the enzyme is a single entity, this alkaline amylase is a type of saccharifying α-amylase.

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Separation of Component-Polypeptides of Glutenin by Isoelectric Focusing

Tomoyoshi MITA, Daizo YONEZAWA

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1792-1798
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1792

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1. By isoelectric focusing S-cyanoethyl glutenin was observed to be composed of various component-polypeptides having a pI spectrum in a pH range from 6 to 9.
2. During isoelectric focusing a precipitation zone was built up in the column in spite of the presence of 6M urea. The amount of the precipitate formed was less with S-cyanoethyl glutenin than with S-sulfo glutenin.
3. Scyanoethyl glutenin was divided into eight fractions by isoelectric focusing. By starch-gel electrophoresis it was suggested that Fractions I, III and P were mainly composed of_??_single component.
4. Major N-terminal amino acids of Fractions I, III and P were phenylalanine, glycine and alanine, respectively. In the amino acid composition, distinct differences were observed in the respective fractions, especially in Fraction P. Fraction P showed a much higher content of basic amino acids and_??_lower content of glutamic acid in comparison with the other two.

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Intracellular Distribution of Ciliatine (2-Aminoethylphosphonic Acid) in Tetrahymena

Masato TAMARI

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1799-1802
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1799

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The mitochondria of Tetrahymena pyriformis (GL) contains approximately 19 percent of ciliatine, highest concentration found in total cell; other fractions contain smaller amounts of ciliatine. In labelling experiments, the mitochondria fraction showed higher value than that found in other fractions. This result indicates that the rate of biosynthesis of ciliatine is predominant in the crude mitochondria. In contrast, incorporation of ³²P-phosphorus into phosphonate was not found in the microsome fraction.

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Determination of the 5'-Terminal Nucleotide of φX174 DNA in RF II in the Late Phase of Infection

Yoshitsuru YOKOYAMA, Minoru OHTAKI, Tohru KOMANO, Konoshin ONODERA

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1803-1805
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1803

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Studies on α-Alkyl-α-amino Acids

Part II. Hydantoins Containing Chlorines on the Side-chain and their Alkaline Hydrolysis Products

Satoshi TAHARA, Junya MIZUTANI, Yataro OBATA

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1806-1809
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1806

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Isolation and Identification of 6-Methylsalcylic Acid and Gentisyl Alcohol from Phyllosticta sp

Sadao SAKAMURA, Tsutomu CHIDA, Jiro ITO, Ryutaro SAKAI

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1810-1811
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1810

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Synthesis of 3, 5-Di-sec-butylphenol

Yih-Shen HWANG, Masanao MATSUI

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1812-1815
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1812

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Synthesis of 3, 5-di-sec-butylphenol, an intermediate in the synthesis of auxin b lactone, was described. Hydrogenation of 3, 5-di-sec-butylphenol afforded 1, 3-di-sec-butylcyclo-hexane.

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NMR Spectra of Some Monosaccharides of Galactopyranose Series in Deuterium Oxide

Kunihiko IZUMI

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1816-1818
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1816

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Incorporation of Streptidine-C₆ phosphate into Phosphorylated Streptomycin by Resting Cell of Streptomyces griseus

Osamu NIMI, Yu NORIMOTO, Ryosaku NOMI

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1819-1821
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1819

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The Synthesis of Dilnethyl Esters of dl-O, O'-Dimethylfukiic Acid and dl-O, O'-Dimethylepifukiic Acid

Teruhiko YOSHIHARA, Akitami ICHIHARA, Sadao SAKAMURA

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1822-1824
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1822

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Synthetic Studies on C-Nucleosides

Part I. A Synthesis of Oxoformycin

Tomoya OGAWA, Yasuo KIKUCHI, Masanao MATSUI, Hiroshi OHRUI, Hiroyoshi ...

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1825-1827
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1825

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A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of Prostaglandin-F₁ Skeleton

Junki KATSUBE, Hiromi SHIMOMURA, Masanao MATSUI

1971 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1828-1829
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.35.1828

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