The cell wall of tomato pericarps prepared with sucrose density gradient centrifuga-tion showed considerable binding capacity to pectinesterase(PE) and β-fructofuranosidase (β-FF). The half maximal binding concentration of PE for the cell wall decreased, while the total uronic acid content increased as ripening and senescence developed. Potassium β-indoleacetate (IAA) had no promoting effect on the binding capacity of PE and β-FF to tomato cell wall at least at the concentration range of 10^-8 to 10^-10M. Divalent cations such as calcium ions and magnesium ions at the concentration of 10^-2M decreased the binding capacity of PE and β-FF to the cell wall by 20%. The PE-saturated cell wall still retained 59% of the binding capacity to β-FF, while the β-FF-saturated cell wall retained 73% of the capacity to PE. It is suggested that PE and β-FF are bound to different sites on the tomato cell wall.

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Coloring reaction of sake caused by exposure to sun-light was investigated. There is one of the coloring reactions in which deferri-ferrichrysin participate. The reaction was named Reaction I.
Deferri-ferrichrysin, tyrosine, Mn²⁺ and unknown nitrogenous compound named con-veniently compound X were essential for Reaction I and citric acid was stimulative.
Compound X was purified by using Amberlite IR 120 (H type) column, active carbon column, silicic acid column and alumina column, and crystallized from methanol-water (1:1).
The crystals decomposed at 288_??_290°C. The ultraviolet and infrared spectra of the compound X were essentially identical with those of authentic kynurenic acid.
From these results the compound X was identified as kynurenic acid.
Since kynurenic acid alone did not cause the color development and riboflavin could be substituted for kynurenic acid in Reaction I, kynurenic acid may act as photosensitizer in Reaction I.

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myo-Inositol monophosphate was isolated from ripening rice grains and identified as myo-inositol-2-phosphate. Incorporation of the label into myo-inositol-2-phosphate from labeled myo-inositol was observed in ripening grains of rice and wheat. ³H-myo-Inositol monophosphate showed a higher incorporation into phytic acid than ³H-myo-inositol in the ripening grains of rice. The evidence presented here indicates that myo-inositol-2-phosphate is the early phosphorylated intermediate in the formation of phytic acid from myo-inositol.

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α-Ethyl glucoside was found in sake, Japanese rice wine, as much as 1_??_2mg/ml together with small amounts of erythritol, arabinitol and mannitol
Quantitative analysis of those components was performed by gas chromatography for various kinds of sake and synthetic sake obtained commercially.

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It was found that CDP-choline was formed with good yield from 5'-CMP and choline phosphate or choline chloride by yeast cells. The effects of pyrophosphate (PPi) on the formation of UDPG, GDPM and CDP-choline from respective nucleoside monophosphate by yeast cells were studied. By the addition of PPS to the reaction mixture, the phosphoryl-ation of G-6-P from glucose was inhibited and then the phosphorylation of nucleoside monophosphates was restrained. Such inhibition was reversed by the decomposition of PPi by inorganic pyrophosphatase of yeast cells. The addition of PPi after the formation of nucleotide derivatives caused the accumulation of UTP and GTP and molar yields from nucleotide as substrate was about 80% But that of CTP was a little in the reaction system of CDP-choline synthesis. Further, this method seems to be suitable for the accumulation of sugar-l-phosphates.

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When Streptomyces olivaceus 605 was cultivated in a medium containing glycerol as sole carbon source, it was found to produce three kinds of corrinoids, i.e. 5'-deoxyadenosylco-balamin (DBCC), 5'-deoxyadenosylcobinamide (CC), and methylcobalamin (Me-B₁₂). The amount of these corrinoids changed markedly according to the cultural conditions. When cobalt ion was added at the optimal level to form large amounts of corrinoids, CC was the most predominant form in the glycerol medium. On the other hand, DBCC was the main corrinoid formed in the glucose-lactose medium. The forms of corrinoids varied also during the cultivation period. The ratio of the amount of Me-B₁₂ to the total corrinoids was significantly high in the early stage of the growth, while DBCC was predominant after the later exponential phase. Under the cobalt-deficient conditions in both the glycerol medium and the glucose-lactose medium, the amount of CC was drastically decreased.

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This paper deals with the confirmation of the existence of a cobalamin-dependent terminal step in the methionine synthesis, that is, the methyl transfer from N⁵-CH₃-H₄-folate to homocysteine to form methionine, in the cell-free extracts of Strebtomyces olivaceus 605.
This transmethylation reaction required a reducing system and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as cofactors.
Methionine formation from serine was observed in the cell-free system and thus this reaction is considered to participate in a series of one-carbon metabolism from serine.

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The formation of corrinoids and porphyrins in S. olivaceus was affected by the addition of the endproducts or intermediates in the biogenesis of tetrapyrrole compounds such as heme and vitamin B₁₂. The addition of vitamin B₁₂ and its related compound to the medium caused an appreciable promotion of porphyrin accumulation and a slight decrease of the de novo synthesis of the vitamin itself. Heme showed a reverse effect on the porphyrin accumulation in contrast to the case of the vitamin. The activity of δ-amino-levulinic acid (δ-ALA) dehydratase in vitro was hardly affected by the addition of heme or CH₃-B₁₂ to the reaction mixture when the enzyme preparation was obtained from the cells grown in the glycerol medium in which S. olivaceus accumulated much porphyrins. On the contrary, the activity of the enzyme from the cells cultured in the glucose-lactose medium in which less porphyrin was excreted by S. olivaceus was found to be modulated by the addition of heme or CH₃-B₁₂.

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Being solubilized by treatment with 0.01M mercaptoethanol, the ovomucin gel(B) was found in free boundary electrophoresis to contain subunits which were consisted of two components. Changes in the physicochemical properties of all the insoluble ovomucin gel(B) and sol(B) obtained from stored egg white were studied after this treatment.
The fast moving component of the ovomucin gel(B) in free boundary electrophoresis decreased during storage and disappeared completely after 30 days. On the other hand, the fast moving component of the ovomucin sol(B) increased during storage.
The acid mucoprotein concentration of the ovomucin gel(B) in acrylamide gel electro-phoresis decreased and that of the ovomucin soi(B) increased during storage, although the protein pattern did not show significant changes.
The interaction of the ovomucin gel(B) with lysozyme decreased whereas that of the ovomucin sol(B) increased during storage.
By summarizing these results, a model of ovomucin gel structure and a mechanism of egg white thinning were proposed.

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1. Incorporation of ethanol-2-¹⁴C into furanoterpenoids such as ipomeamarone in sweet potato infected with the black rot fungus, Ceratocystis fimbriata, was demonstrated by silica gel chromatography and radioautogram analysis of extracts (lipid fraction) soluble in chloroform-methanol (1:1, v/v) after feeding ethanol-2-¹⁴C to the tissue.
2. Further proof for ipomeamarone biosynthesis from ethanol-2-¹⁴C was established by the fact that the specific radioactivity of ipomeamarone semicarbazone, the crystalline derivative of ipomeamarone, was not lowered throughout the respective crystallizations.
3. The rate of incorporation of ethanol-2-¹⁴C into ipomeamarone was about two fold more efficient than for acetate-2-¹⁴C.
4. Incorporation of ethanol-2-¹⁴C into ipomeamarone and chloroform-methanol soluble lipid fractions was markedly decreased by treating sweet potato root tissue with pyrazole, the potent inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase.
5. These results suggest that ethanol was utilized for lipid synthesis after being directly converted to acetyl CoA via acetaldehyde, and it appears likely that a CoA-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase operates in sweet potato root tissue infected with C. fimbriata.

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New metabolites, A-, B- and X-substance and piericidin X, were isolated from mycellia of Streptomyces mobaraensis. Structure of A-substance was decided as VII and B-substance was identified as reticulol (VIII).

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Lipid analyses in the fatty liver of rats, which was induced by feeding an amino acid-imbalanced diet containing 8% casein supplemented with 0.3% DL-methionine, were per-formed. In this type of fatty liver, triglycerides were found to be remarkably increased, in comparison with cholesteryl esters, cholesterols, non-esterified fatty acids, phospholipids and glycolipids. In the fatty acid composition of each lipid, no significant difference for the imbalance group was observed, except for that of triglycerides.
It is suggested from the results of treatment with Triton WR-1339 that the transport of triglyceride from the liver to the plasma is not inhibited at all in the imbalance group, and from the determination of fatty acid distribution after feeding a dietary coconut oil that the transport of triglyceride from the adipose tissue to the liver is not almost altered.

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The UV-photolysis of L-3-thiomorpholinone-5-carboxylic acid (TOGA) in aqueous solutions has been studied by the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the degradation products such as amino acids, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, sulfate ion and carbonyl compounds with the lapse of irradiation time.
It may be concluded that the main photodegradation pathway of TOGA in aqueous solutions is the initial hydrolysis of TOGA to S-carboxymethylcysteine (COMC), which is then decarboxylated to S-methylcysteine followed by desulfurization to alanine. In addi-tion, although the elimination of hydrogen sulfide from TOGA was also observed, the degradation product has not been characterized.

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A 7S protein in soybean globulins consisted of at least nine polypeptide chains (subunits). Complete dissociation into subunits, having a sedimentation coefficient of 1.1_??_1.4S and a molecular weight of 22000_??_24000, occurred in the presence of 8M urea and 4M guanidine hydrochloride. However, it was found by sedimentation, ultraviolet spectrophotometry and optical rotatory dispersion that the dissociation with various concentrations of urea accom-panied simultaneously with the destruction of the internal structure of the protein. No disulfide bond appeared to participate in the binding between subunits from the results of sedimentation and disc electrophoresis. These results suggested that the subunits were very compactly and complicatedly folded on the formation of the gross structure, and hydro-phobic bond with hydrogen bond also participated in the interaction between subunits.
The dissociation was interfered with the increase of ionic strength using sodium chlo-ride, particularly in low concentration of urea. In other words, the gross structure of the 7S protein was stabilized with high ionic strength. This inclination was also recognized in alkali denaturation of the 7S protein.
Almost all tyrosine residues in the 7S protein ionized with a pK value (about 11), so they seemed to exist in the same state and to be hurried in the interior of the molecule or to be participated in some combinations.

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Procedure of bioassay for chicks was applied to ruminants. Calves of about 8-week-old were fed the same but restricted amount of basal diet and graded levels of corn starch or test materials. The feeding conditions was so adjusted that body weight gain of calves from 1 st to 6 th week was in proportion to dietary energy supply. Digestive ability of the calves was not disturbed and growth was smooth in the feeding conditions. All of the 3 samples tested were suggested to be available by calves, although palatability of di-lauryl succinate was low. Reliability of the estimate was discussed.

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Reactions of enol ethers of cyclopentane-1, 3-dione derivatives (I) with cyanide ion were investigated in order to develope new synthetic routes to 3-functionalized-2-cyclopenten-l-one derivatives from I.
I could be converted to the 3-cyano-2-cyclopenten-1-one skeleton by several procedures for hydrocyanation, among which Nagata's reagents (HCN-triethylaluminium, ⁶⁾ diethyl-aluminium cyanide⁸⁾ were proved to be potent ones.
Reactions of enol ethers of 4-hydroxy-cyclopentane-1, 3-dione derivatives were also in-vestigated. From 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one derivatives (V) 1, 4-addition type products with the 4-hydroxy-3-cyano-2-cyclopenten-l-one skeleton (VIII) were obtained as sole isolatable products. NMR studies of some hydroxy-cyclopentenone derivatives were also described.

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Orally administered Cyanox, O, O-dimethyl O-(4-Cyanophenyl) phosphorothioate, label-led with carbon-14 at p-cyano group was easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of male Wistar rats, and distributed into tissues. Elimination of the radioactivity was rapid and essentially complete; namely during 96 hr approximately 90.7% and 100 of total radioactivity were excreted respectively into urine and feces. Carbon-14 in expiration was negligible. No detectable amount of Cyanox was found in the urine and 0.01% of the administered compound was present in the feces. Degradation products in the urine were identified as demethylcyanox, demethylcyanoxon, p-cyanophenol and p-cyanophenylsulfate.

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There are numerous reports on studies of aflatoxins, but there are only a few reports on the isolation and mutual separation of aflatoxins by liquid chromatography. Following the previous reports on the liquid chromatography of four kinds (B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂) of aflatoxins, the authors carried out the chromatography of six kinds of aflatoxins including aflatoxins B_2a and G_2a. Various kinds of adsorbents and eluting solvents were examined, and then the good mutual separation of aflatoxins was obtained by using the Sephadex G-10 (CM), a newly prepared adsorbent containing carboxymethyl group, and pure water for eluting solvent. Aflatoxins G_2a, B_2a, G₂, B₂, G_l and B₁ were eluted in this order.

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The specific activities of aspartate kinase, aspartate-β-semialdehyde (ASA)^* dehydrogenase, homoserine dehydrogenase, homoserine kinase and threonine synthetase, were measured for the cell free extracts of Brevibacterium flavum grown on glucose-salts medium containing aspartate family amino acid(s). Synthesis of both homoserine dehydrogenase and homoserine kinase was repressed by methionine. Any other enzymes except homoserine dehydrogenase and homoserine kinase were not repressed significantly by amino acids of aspartate family. Although an over-production of L-lysine by a homoserine-requiring mutant of B. flavum was strongly inhibited by the excess addition of L-threonine, specific activities of aspartate kinase and ASA dehydrogenase were almost independent of the amount of L-threonine added. When a threonine-requiring mutant derived from B. fiavum was cultured in a medium containing fixed amount of L-threonine, the addition of L-methionine, which repressed homoserine dehydrogenase, caused the increase of L-lysine produced but a decrease of L-homoserine production. Repression by L-methionine of homoserine dehydrogenase in the wild strain of B. flavum was accompanied by the accumulation of 5 g/liter of L-lysine monohydrochloride.

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The structure of justicidin A was deduced on the basis of its spectral evidences and it was confirmed to be identical with diphyllin methyl ether. Three possible structural formulae were proposed for justicidin B, and its structure was determined by the syntheses of these compounds.

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