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Eiji NIWA, Teruo NAKAYAMA, Iwao HAMADA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
341-344
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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In order to clarify the participation of hydrophobic amino acid residues on the protein surface in the setting phenomenon(low temperature gelation of fish flesh sol), the thermal behaviors of muscle proteins arylated with arylsulfonates and arylsulfonyl chlorides were investigated. The arylated hen and pig myosins and actomyosins gelled readily at 40°C. An elastic modulus of the resulting gel increased with an increase in the binding amount of the arylating reagent, but this increase was suppressed by the addition of sucrose. Gelation was induced even at 4°C.
The viscosity of hen and pig actomyosin arylated with β-naphthoquinone-4, -7disulfonate increased rapidly on heating to 40°C, while that of the unmodified actomyosin did not.
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Tadashi INOUE, Kazuyoshi MORITA, Tsuneo KADA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
345-353
Published: 1981
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A desmutagenic factor for Trp-P-2 which is a potent mutagen discovered by Sugimura and his colleagues in pyrolysis products of tryptophan has been identified from extracts of cabbage (
Bvassica oleracea) leaves. Analysis of this factor to determine its composition revealed that it had a molecular weight of 43, 000 and contained 45.2 μg of sugar per mgof protein. The purified factor exhibited a hemo-protein-like absorption spectrum with a Soret band of 404 nm and α and β bands at 640 and 497 nm, respectively. In addition to counteracting the mutagenicity of Trp-P-2, the mutagenic activity of Trp-P-1, which is 4-methyl derivative of Trp-P-2, was equally abolished by the factor. Other mutagens, such as ethidium bromide and 2-aminoanthracene, were found to be susceptible to the factor, but it had no effect on such mutagens as ICR-170 and AF-2. Furthermore, the factor greatly enhanced the mutagenicity of 1, 2-diamino-4-nitrobenzene.
Several lines of investigations were pursued to determine the possible mode of action to explain the results obtained with the factor. These studies indicated that the factor was a peroxidase which possessed NADPH-oxidaseactivity. In this paper, the mechanism of the desmutagenic action of the factor is discussed with special reference to these enzymatic activities.
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P. MAYER, H.-P. KRIEMLER, H. HAMBÖCK, T. L. LAANIO
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
355-360
Published: 1981
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The fate of
O, O-dipropyl
S-[2-(2'-methyl-1'-piperidinyl)-2-oxo-ethyl] phosphorodithioate (C 19 490, piperophos) was followed in greenhouse-grown rice after application of 1.6 kg/ha
14C-labeled C 19 490 into the paddy water. At maturity the shoots contained 2.5 ppm and the hulled grains 0.16 ppm
14C-C 19 490 equivalents. Small amounts of unchanged C 19 490 were found in the shoots but none in the grains.
The main metabolites found were : 2-(2'-methyl-1'-piperidinyl)-2-oxo-ethane sulfonic acid, 2-(2'-methyl-1'-piperidinyl)-2-oxo-ethanoic acid and a fraction of polar unknown substances.
O, O-Dipropyl
S-[2-(2'-methyl-1'-piperidinyl)-2-oxo-ethyl] phosphorothioate, 2-(2'-methyl-1'-piperidinyl)-1-methyl-sulfinyl-2-oxo-ethane, 2-(2'-methyl-1'-piperidinyl)-1-methyl-sulfonyl-2-oxo-ethane, 2-methyl-piperidine and CO
2 were found in smaller amounts.
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P. MAYER, H.-P. KRIEMLER, T. L. LAANIO
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
361-368
Published: 1981
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The fate of C 18 898,
i.e. dimethametryn or
N-(1', 2'-dimethylpropyl)-
N'-ethyl-6-methylthio-1, 3, 5-triazine-2, 4-diamine (I), was followed in greenhouse-grown rice after application of 0.4 kg/ha of ring-
14C-labelled herbicide into the paddy water. At maturity the leaves contained 1.37 ppm and the hulled grains 0.088 ppm of
14C-C 18 898 equivalents. The following degradation products were isolated from the plant:
N-(1', 2'-dimethylpropyl)-6-methylthio-1, 3, 5-triazine-2, 4-diamine (II),
N-(1', 2'-dimethyl-2'-hydroxypropyl)-
N'-ethyl-6-methylthio-1, 3, 5-triazine-2, 4-diamine (III),
N-(1', 2'-dimethyl-3'-hydroxypropyl)-VN'-ethyl-6-methylthio-1, 3, 5-triazine-2, 4-diamine (IV),
N-(1', 2'-dimethylpropyl)-
N'-ethyl-1, 3, 5-triazine-2, 4, 6-triamine (V),
N-(1', 2'-dimethylpropyl)-1, 3, 5-triazine-2, 4, 6-triamine (VI),
N-(1', 2'-dimethylpropyl)-
N'-ethyl-6-hydroxy-1, 3, 5-triazine-2, 4-diamine (VII), and
N-(1', 2'-dimethylpropyl)-6-hydroxy-1, 3, 5-triazine-2, 4-diamine (VIII). Some polar transformation products were characterized as amino acid conjugates. Products isolated from the soil were : (I), (II), (III), (IV), 6-hydroxy-analogues of (III) and (IV), (VII), (VIII), and
N-(1', 2'-dimethylpropyl)-
N'-ethyl-6-methylsulfinyl-1, 3, 5-triazme-2, 4-diamine (IX).
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Minoru UCHIDA, Kazuyuki NAKAGAWA, Tsutomu NEGISHI, Shoji ASANO, Kenji ...
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
369-372
Published: 1981
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The Comstock mealybug sex pheromone 2, 6-dimethyl-1, 5-heptadien-3-ol acetate and three analogs were synthesized and comparedwith natural material.
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Izumi YAJIMA, Tetsuya YANAI, Mikio NAKAMURA, Hidemasa SAKAKIBARA, Kazu ...
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
373-377
Published: 1981
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Volatile flavor compoundsin the headspace vapors of fresh Matsutake were absorbed on Porapak Q in a column, then flushed out by heating the column and collected in.a cold trap. They were analyzed directly by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The aroma concentrate obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction with a Likens and Nickerson Type apparatus was also analyzed. By both methods 59 compounds were identified and five were tentatively identified. Sixty of these compounds were identified here for the first time.
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Takakazu ENDO, Hajime TAKAHASHI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
379-383
Published: 1981
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Three non-flocculating mutant strains were derived from the flocculating parent
Flavobacterium strain B. And then flocculating revertant was isolated from one of the mutants. Guanidine hydrochloride-extracted cells were prepared from the parent, mutant and revertant cells, and their capacity to form aggregates was examined in the presence of the partially purified aggregation factor from the parent. The extracted cells from the parent, revertant and two mutants formed aggregates in the reconstitution system, indicating that these two mutants did not flocculate because of their inabilities to form a functional aggregation factor. The extracted cells of another mutant failed to form aggregates even in the presence of the aggregation factor, indicating that some other component(s), different from the aggregation factor, is involved in the flocculation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the envelope proteins revealed that the envelopes from cells whose extracted cells formed aggregates in the presence of aggregation factor contained two dense protein bands, and the envelopes from cells whose extracted cells did not form aggregate with aggregation factor contained smaller amounts of these bands. It was also noted that the calcium-binding activity of the envelopes was generally higher in the former than the latter. The results appear to indicate that one or both of these proteins might be involved in flocculation.
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S. CHAKRABORTI, S. K. BANERJEE, G. C. CHATTERJEE
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
385-391
Published: 1981
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Amino acid incorporation into plasma membrane proteins of
Vigna sinensis (L) was inhibited by malathion, an organophosphorous insecticide, whereas some stimulatory effect was elicited by plant growth hormones,
viz., IAA, GA
3 and kinetin. The inhibitory effect of malathion towards amino acid incorporation into plasma membraneproteins was marked at concentrations above 50 ppm, and at 400 ppmthe amino acid incorporation was muchless. Up to 100 ppm of malathion treatment, the plant growth hormones could counteract the malathion-induced inhibition on amino acid incorporation into plasma membrane protein but above this concentration, the plant hormones gradually lost their effectiveness. Plasma membrane fraction was characterized by studying the activities of enzymes like IDPase, Oligomycin treated ATPase, Cytochrome ooxidase and glucan synthetase, and also by a sterol/phospho lipid ratio study. From the above studies it appears that glucan synthetase may be the marker enzyme of the plasma membrane of
V. sinensis (L), and some change at the membrane level on malathion exposure is suggested.
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Tsuyoshi SUGIO, Tatsuo TANO, Kazutami IMAI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
393-403
Published: 1981
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The solubilization method of the iron-oxidizing system of
T. ferrooxidans was investigated. Two factors affected the iron-oxidizing and cytochrome-oxidizing activities of the bacterium, and they were separated by sonication in different ionic strengths of potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). One of them stimulated both activities and was tentatively called the stimulating factor. The other inhibited both activities and was tentatively called the inhibiting factor. The stimulating factor was a light yellowish-green and heat labile substance. The inhibiting factor was a fairly heat stable and not dialyzable substance and masked the stimulating factor activity.
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Tsuyoshi SUGIO, Tatsuo TANO, Kazutami IMAI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
405-412
Published: 1981
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A factor that stimulated iron-oxidase and cytochrome c oxidase of
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was purified from the bacterium. The stimulating factor was a copper-containing protein. The purified factor was homogeneous in disc-gel electrophoresis and showed absorption maxima at 278 nm, 400nm and 597 nm. The last absorption which corresponds to copper protein diminished after the addition of ferrous ions at pH 3.5. The yield of this factor from cells grown in medium supplemented with copper sulfate was twice that of cells grown in medium without copper sulfate.
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Takashi OZAWA, Masuro YAMAGUCHI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
413-416
Published: 1981
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Amixed culture of soybean cells and some strains of
Rhizobium developed nitrogenase activity which was determined by reduction of acetylene. The acetylene reduction activity of the mixed culture was revealed in the period when the respiratory activity of soybean cells was maintained at their original level. Effective strains of
Rhizobium for soybean produced higher acetylene reduction activity than ineffective strains.
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Tsukasa MATSUDA, Kenji WATANABE, Yasushi SATO
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
417-423
Published: 1981
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The secondary structure of chicken egg white ovomucoid (186 residues) was predicted from the amino acid sequence by the method of Chou and Fasman (P. Y. Chou and G. D. Fasman,
Biochemistry, 13, 222 (1974)). The ovomucoid α-helix regions were predicted by the method of Lewis
et al. (P. N. Lewis
et al.,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S., 65, 810 (1970)). The relative composition of the secondary structure obtained by the former method was : α-helix (7 regions) 27%, β-structure (10regions) 33 %, β-turn (11 regions) 23 % and random coil 17%. In the predicted conformation, there were some α-helical and β-structure segments that tended to be segregated along the polypeptide chain. These results indicate that the ovomucoid may be classified into the α+β type protein group and that the reactive site (Arg
89↓-Ala
90) of trypsin inhibition is probably situated at the C-terminal β-structure end. In comparisons of the predicted structures of the three domains in ovomucoid, domains I and II were suggested to be partially homologous to one another and not to domain III.
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Yozo MACHIDA, Toru NAKANISHI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
425-432
Published: 1981
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Enterobacter cloacae KY3074 grown in a medium containing xanthine, hypoxanthine, guanine, or their nucleosides and nucleotides produced xanthine oxidase. The purified enzyme preparation showed a major protein band and a few minor bands in acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular oxygen was the most effective electron acceptor. Ferricyanide and 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol also served as electron acceptors, but NAD and NADP did not. Xanthine and hypoxanthine were good substrates, and guanine was also an effective substrate. The activity was inhibited by Ag
2+, Cu
2+, PCMB, and ascorbate. The spectrum of the
Enterobacter enzyme resembled that of some knownxanthine oxidizing enzymes, and this suggests a similarity in the prosthetic groups of these enzymes. The molecular weight of the native enzyme and subunit was 128, 000 and 69, 000, respectively.
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Takanori KASAI, Yoshihiro HIRAKURI, Sadao SAKAMURA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
433-437
Published: 1981
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γ-Glutamyl peptides and acidic cysteine derivatives were found in low concentrations in asparagus shoots. However, the presence of α- and βaspartylaspartic acid, α-aspartylglutamic acid, γ-glutamylaspartic acid, γ-glutamylglutamic acid, γ-glutamyltyrosine,
S-(2-carboxy-
n-propyl)-L-cysteine and
S-(1, 2-dicarboxyethyl)-L-cysteine was demonstrated in the acidic amino acids fraction of asparagus shoots.
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Yoshinobu NAOSHIMA, Mitsugu KAWAKUBO, Shoji WAKABAYASHI, Shuichi HAYAS ...
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
439-442
Published: 1981
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A new method is described for synthesis of (
Z)-7-eicosen-11-one (1) and (
Z)-7-nonadecen-11-one (2), the active principles of the sex pheromone of the peach fruit moth, using the Wittig reaction for γ-keto aldehydes prepared from diethyl 3-oxoglutarate (3).
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Hirohiko SAKUMA, Sachiko MUNAKATA, Shiro SUGAWARA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
443-451
Published: 1981
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Cellulose was pyrolyzed under various conditions, and 82 compoundswere identified as volatile products. The temperature for maximumformation of most of these compoundsin nitrogen was in the range of 600°C-650°C, while it was 50°C-200°Clower in air. The maximumyield of most of the products was also lower in air than in nitrogen. The temperature for maximumformation of most volatile products offilter paper treated with potassium nitrate was 50°C-100°C lower than the temperature required for untreated paper, although the maximumyields of volatile products from treated filter paper did not bear any relationship to the maximumyields from untreated paper.
Comparisons between volatile pyrolysis products and components of cellulose cigarette smoke proved that they were qualitatively similar, but that most pyrolysis products were obtained in muchlarger quantities than smoke components per weight of cellulose.
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Tomomi ASAKAWA, Setsuro MATSUSHITA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
453-457
Published: 1981
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The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test for detecting lipid hydroperoxides does not require for fomation of TBA-reacting compounds from hydroperoxides, but oxygen has an unfavorable effect, that is, it forms new hydroperoxides during the reaction when unoxidized lipids co-exist. Therefore, a method using a vacuum reaction tube was proposed.
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Tatsunori YAMAGISHI, Fumio YAMAUCHI, Kazuo SHIBASAKI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
459-467
Published: 1981
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The heating of 11S globulin in the presence of
N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) caused changes in the intensities of the second derivative spectra, but scarcely affected the positions of the peaks and troughs.
The difference-derivative absorption spectra indicated that half of tyrosine residues burried in native 11S globulin was exposed by heating, but tryptophan residues were hardly done. Furthermore, the tryptophanyl fluorescence spectra gave the same information as that obtained by the difference-derivative absorption spectra. The second derivative spectrophotofluorimetry maybe used to discriminate between burried and exposed forms of tryptophan residues in protein depending on solvent polarity. These results suggested that the blocking of sulfhydryl residues on heating caused them to retain a hydrophobic region burried in the protein.
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Yoshiaki IIDA, Yasuhira TOMINAGA, Ryozo SUGAWARA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
469-473
Published: 1981
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All the positional and configurational isomers of methylcyclohexanol were prepared. They were converted into C
3-C
6 n-alkanoates. Their attractiveness to the Germancockroach was tested by a comparative trap test.
trans-4-Methylcyclohexyl butanoate exhibited the heights activity. This compound has the same longitudinal molecular size as that of propyl cyclohexaneacetate, and hence was supposed to interact with the receptor site that accommodates the latter. Neither
cis- nor
trans-3-methylcyclohexyl butanoate gave a significant result. 1-Methylcyclohexyl butanoate was also inactive.
trans-2-Methylcyclohexyl butanoate, as well as
cis- and
trans-2-methylcyclohexyl pentanoates attracted the cockroaches only when the
cis and
trans pairs were tested simultaneously.
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Takeshi TABUCHI, Teruhide SUGISAWA, Tsuguo ISHIDORI, Tadaatsu NAKAHARA ...
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
475-479
Published: 1981
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Many yeasts were isolated from natural sources in the tropics and subtropics by enrichment culture technique, using medium which contained a surfactant. The medium was acidified with citric acid. A strain S-10 belonging to the genus
Candida was found to produce itaconic acid. Under suitable conditions in shake culture, a mutant derived from this strain produced the acid at about 35% yield on the basis of glucose supplied.
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Seiichi TANIDA, Toru HASEGAWA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
481-485
Published: 1981
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Ansamitocins in combination with amphotericin B produced synergistic inhibition on the growth of several yeasts in liquid cultures, Ansamitocin P-3 at 5 μg/ml completely suppressed the growth of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae whereas ansamitocin P-3 alone at 50 μg/ml hardly affected growth. Ansamitocin P-4 and maytansine also showed synergistic activity with amphotericin B against
S. cerevisiae. The synergism also occurred in cultures of
Candida albicans and
Hansenula anomala. Combinations of ansamitocin P-3 with various agents revealed that the synergism depended on the specific property of amphotericin B. Ansamitocins showed no interfering activity against regeneration of protoplasts of
S. cerevisiae. These results suggest that the limited activity of ansamitocins against these yeasts is due to the membrane permeability barrier of these cells.
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Tetsu ANDO, Hiroshi KUROKO, Shiro NAKAGAKI, Osamu SAITO, Toshio OKU, N ...
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
487-495
Published: 1981
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More than 100 multi-component lures consisting of primary straight chain alkenols, their acetates and alkenals were prepared and tested as attractants of male lepidopterous insects. In field trials, male moths of 52 species were specifically attracted to two- or three-component lures. Further 35 lepidopterous species were found to be attracted to single componentlures used as control. The main families captured by the multi-component lures were Tortricidae (24 species), Noctuidae (11 species) and Acrolepiidae (3 species). This successful attraction of so many species indicates the usefulness of systematic field tests using multi-component lures of selected synthetic chemicals.
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Kazuo SAKKA, Takakazu ENDO, Minoru WATANABE, Shin-ichi OKUDA, Hajime T ...
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
497-504
Published: 1981
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A bacterium belonging to
Pseudomonas which was isolated from activated sludge formed floes in glycerol-containing medium. The floes were deflocculated by deoxyribonuclease treatment in the presence of magnesium ions. Floes were also deflocculated by 2 M NaCl, heating at temperatures higher than 50°C, and at pH below 1 or above 11. The observations suggest that deoxyribonucleic acid is directly involved in the association of cells and that ionic bonds are responsible for the flocculation of cells.
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Yasuo YONEZAWA, Shigekazu MARUYAMA, Kaname TAKAGI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
505-506
Published: 1981
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Mitsuo MIYAZAWA, Masaki TOKUGAWA, Hiromu KAMEOKA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
507-510
Published: 1981
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Tomotada ONO, Tomomi FURUYAMA, Satoshi ODAGIRI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
511-512
Published: 1981
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Takakazu ENDO, Hajime TAKAHASHI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
513-516
Published: 1981
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Yoko NAKASONE, Michinori NAKAMURA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
517-518
Published: 1981
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Misao TASHIRO, Nobuo SUGIHARA, Zensuke MAKI, Masao KANAMORI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
519-521
Published: 1981
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Satoshi AOKI, Aogu NAKAYAMA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
523-524
Published: 1981
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Yoshiaki IWAMURO, Michiko MURATA, Koichiro KANAMARU, Yoichi MIKAMI, Ta ...
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
525-526
Published: 1981
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Masako HORIKOSHI, Yuhei MORITA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
527-529
Published: 1981
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E. A. SHERIF, Rajinder K. GUPTA, M. KRISHNAMURTI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
531-533
Published: 1981
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Tetsuya SUZUKI, Teruo KAWADA, Kazuo IWAI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
535-537
Published: 1981
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Nobuhiro MORI, Yoshiki TANI, Hideaki YAMADA, Rikimaru HAYASHI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
539-540
Published: 1981
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Hideaki TSUJI, Noriko BANDO, Tadashi OGAWA, Kei SASAOKA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
541-542
Published: 1981
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Haruhiko KAWASAKI, Kinya MIYOSHI, Kenzo TONOMURA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
543-544
Published: 1981
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Makoto KISO, Kaoru NISHIHORI, Akira HASEGAWA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
545-548
Published: 1981
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Takashi TACHIKI, Shinji WAKISAKA, Hidehiko KUMAGAI, Tatsurokuro TOCHIK ...
1981 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
549-550
Published: 1981
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