The molecular weights of color components (designated as P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7 and P8 in order of elution from a DEAE-cellulose column) isolated by the conversion of color components of melanoidin produced from the glycine-xylose system in an oxidative browning were studied in relation to the color intensity. The molecular weights of P5, P6, P7 and P8 estimated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, G-75 and G-150 using dextran as a standard were approximately 2, 140, 3, 550, 5, 600 and 14, 200, respectively. The molecular weights of Pl, P2, P3 and P4 could not be estimated by the gel filtration method because of their low values.
On the other hand, a linear relationship between Kd, the distribution coefficient in dextran gel, and log ^1%_1cmE₄₅₀ (E) of the color components was observed. Thus, there is considered to be a linear relationship between log E and log molecular weight (M). The correlation coefficient between log E and log M was calculated to be from 0.96 to 0.98 in the visible wavelength region. Therefore, the equation, E=k×M^α was adopted. The value, E=2.75×M^0.29 was obtained from melanoidin prepared from the glycine-xylose system. The molecular weights of P1, P2, P3 and P4 were calculated from the equation to be 290, 360, 700 and 1, 200, respectively. The equation, E=k×M^α, was demonstrated to be reasonably applicable to the melanoidin from Glu-, Lys-, Gly₂-, Gly-Leu-, and Gly₃-xylose systems. It is concluded that the polymerization of the structural unit in melanoidin occurs in an oxidative browning and that their color tone is darkened and the color in melanoidin is increased by polymerization according to the equation, E=k×M^α.

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A bacterium YT-25 which produces enzymes lytic against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from soil and it was identified as Bacillus subtilis.
A₁-enzyme, A₂-enzyme, B-enzyme and NLF (Native Cell-Lytic Factor) which contribute the lysis of P. aeruginosa were purified from the culture filtrate of strain YT-25.
Purified A₁-enzyme, A₂-enzyme and B-enzyme individually lysed the vegetative cells of P. aeruginosa in the presence of NLF.
NLF is a low molecular basic peptide and seemed to alter the sufrace structure of P. aeruginosa.
B-enzyme hydrolyzed the peptidoglycan purified from P. aeruginosa to release the reducing groups, but A₁-enzyme and A₂-enzyme released neither reducing groups nor free amino groups from the peptidoglycan.

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The use of acetic acid as a carbon source in alkaline protease fermentation was examined. Acetic acid was a good carbon source and yielded a great deal of alkaline protease.
Acetic acid has advantages over ordinary carbon sources such as starch and glucose in that it can be supplied to culturing liquid as much as needed to perform the fermentation efficiently, that it has a function to control the pH of culturing liquid at a constant level and that it was obtained at lower price.
The maximum proteolytic activity attained was 1.6×10⁴units/ml (11.4mg-enzyme/ml).

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The effects of γ-irradiation on the antioxidative activity developing in the amino acidsugar reaction were investigated. The antioxidative activity of the nondialyzable melanoidin prepared from glycine and D-glucose was not much affected by γ-irradiation. However, the development of the antioxidative activity of an L-leucine-D-glucose solution on heating was markedly accelerated when the mixture had been preirradiated with γ-rays, and the development of the activity was more prominent than that of the brown color. The irradiation of a glucose solution alone accelerated the antioxidative activity development when heated with leucine, but the irradiation of a leucine solution alone did not cause a similar effect when heated with glucose. Except an L-cysteine-glucose combination, all combinations of amino acids and sugars tested gave rise to almost similar antioxidative effects.

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Roasted almond volatiles were separated into basic, carbonyl and non-carbonyl fractions, Each fraction was analyzed by combination gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twentyfive compounds, in addition to eighteen known components, were identified. Many of the components identified were considered to contribute to the overall flavor. 2, 5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3 (2H)-furanone, which was identified from methanol extract of roasted almond, seemed to make the largest contribution to the sweet aroma of roasted almond.

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Some molecular properties of α_s1-κ-casein complex, α_s1- and κ-casein polymers were examined by gel filtration, ultracentrifugation, and viscometry at pH 7.1. The Stoke's radii of α_s1-κ-casein complex, α_s1- κ- and casein polymers were 99, 44 and 108 Å, respectively. The molecular weight of the above proteins were approximately 45×10⁴, 10×10⁴ and 80×10⁴, respectively. The stokes radius of α_s1-κ-casein complex reduced compared with that of casein polymer and the molecular weight of the complex was about half that of κ-casein polymer. These results suggest that α_s1-casein polymer dissociates into 4 smaller particles when α_s1-κ-casein complex is formed. The frictional coefficient and Scheraga-Mandelkern constants for each protein suggest that the molecular shape of α_s1-casein polymer is globular and that of α_s1-κ-casein complex and κ-casein polymer is rod-like.

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A γ-casein-like fraction (FIV) was isolated from the β-casein A hydrolyzate by milk protease and compared with γ-casein. The mobility in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sedimentation coefficient, molecular weight, amino acid composition and terminal amino acids of FIV were almost coincided with those of γ-casein. It is suggested that γ-casein is possibly a product of β-casein hydrolysis by milk protease.

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B-enzyme was produced by Bacillus subtilis YT-25 and lysed the native cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa extensively in the presence of NLF (Native Cell-Lytic Factor). NLF was a peptide which was also produced by B. subtilis YT-25. It was found that B-enzyme hydrolyzed the peptidoglycan of P. aeruginosa eventually to disaccharide units. Because the reducing end of the enzymatic digest was muramic acid, B-enzyme seemed to be an endo-N-acetylmuramidase. Whereas, egg white lysozyme which was an endo-N-acetylmuramidase hardly lysed the native cells of P. aeruginosa. Specific activity of B-enzyme for the murein of P. aeruginosa was higher than that of egg white lysozyme in the buffer of low ionic strength and the surface components of P. aeruginosa did not affect the activity of B-enzyme but strongly inhibited the activity of egg white lysozyme. These facts seemed to explain the superiority of B-enzyme to egg white lysozyme in the lysis of the native cells of P. aeruginosa.

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The enzymatic behaviour, amino acid composition and some physical properties of a new endo-N-acetylmuramidase (B-enzyme) of Bacillus subtilis YT-25 were determined and compared with hen's egg white lysozyme. The molecular weight was estimated to be about 13000 by the sedimentation equilibrium method. The isoelectric point was pH 9.8. The amino acid composition indicates that the enzyme is rich in basic amino acids, especially lysin. Maximal activity on the lysis of cell walls of M. lysodeikticus occurred at pH 6.2. The enzyme was stable at pH 3.5_??_6.0. The specific activity for the lysis of cell walls of M. lysodeikticus was less than fourth part of that of hen's egg white lysozyme. Digest of cell walls of M. lysodeikticus with B-enzyme consisted greater numbers of high molecular products than digest with egg white lysozyme. Substrate specificity of B-enzyme seemed to be different from that of egg white lysozyme.

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Regulatory properties of the enzymes in L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine terminal pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum were investigated. Prephenate dehydrogenase was partially feedback inhibited by L-tyrosine. Prephenate dehydratase was strongly inhibited by L-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan and 100% inhibition was attained at the concentrations of 5×10^-2m_M and 10^-1m_M, respectively. L-Tyrosine stimulated prephenate dehydratase activity (6-fold stimulation at 1mM) and restored the enzyme activity inhibited by L-phenylalanine or L-tryptophan. These regulations seem to give the balanced synthesis of L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine. Prephenate dehydratase from C. glutamicum was stimulated by L-methionine and L-leucine similarly to the enzyme in Bacillus subtilis and moreover by L-isoleucine and L-histidine. C. glutamicum mutant No. 66, an L-phenylalanine producer resistant to p-fluorophenylalanine, had a prephenate dehydratase completely resistant to the inhibition by L-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan.

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S-1358 (S-n-butyl-S'-p-tert-butylbenzyl N-3-pyridylimidodithiocarbonate) remarkably inhibited growth of Monilinia fructigena at 10μM, causing excessive branching and distortion of hyphae. Endogenous as well as exogenous respiration was not affected by the toxicant. The incorporations of uracil-U-¹⁴C and thymine-2-¹⁴C into nucleic acids and protein hydrolysate-U-¹⁴C into proteins were only slightly inhibited. Furthermore, S-1358 has no influence on the incorporations of n-glucose-U-¹⁴C and n-glucosamine-1-¹⁴C into cell wall during early incubation periods. On the other hand, although sodium acetate-U-¹⁴C incorporation into total lipids was only moderately suppressed, thin-layer chromatographic separation of labeled lipids revealed that the incorporation into 4-desmethyl sterols was strictly diminished by the toxicant and at the same time the accumulation of radioactivity into 4, 4-dimethyl sterols took place. The results presented evidence that S-1358 disturbs the biosynthetic pathways of sterols rather than the other metabolism in M. fructigena.

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A gas chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of xylooligosaccharides up to the tetraose is described. For analysis, saccharides are reduced to the corresponding alditols with sodium borohydride and subsequently converted into their trifluoroacetyl (TFA) derivatives with sodium trifluoroacetate and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) at 70°C for 15min. Excess TFAA is evaporated to dryness, then the TFA derivatives are dissolved in methylene chloride for injection into the chromatograph. Quantitative data are obtained in an overall working time of 2_??_3 hr per sample. The average recoveries inherent in this method are comparable to those obtained by paper chromatography.

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Action of the crystalline alkalophilic proteinase of a Streptomyces sp. which was active at pH values around 13, was investigated. The enzyme attacked various keratinous proteins such as wool, hair, feather etc., dissolving them with hydrolysis degrees from 2 to 6%, and the degradation of several keratins was observed under a microscope and scanning electronmicroscope. Specificity of the enzyme was also studied using oxidized insulin B-chain. The enzyme cleaved most easily the peptide linkages between -Ser•His-, -Leu•Val-, -Phe. Tyr- and -Lys•Ala-, though it split several other sites of oxidized insulin B-chain, too, indicating that the action pattern of the proteinase is distinguished from those of alkaline proteinases so far reported.

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The platinum electrode potentials relative to the standard half cell depended on a pH value, dissolved oxygen concentration, equilibrium constant and oxidation reduction potentials of the liquid The overall potential change in submerged fermentation gave no independent information on these individual factors A thermostatic and pH-static apparatus excluded influences of temperatures and pH values on the electrode pontentials If the determination was completed for short time duration, potentials were governed by the dissolved oxygen tension. While the oxygen concentration was maintained at a same level, redox potential changes became a dominant. This measurement of redox potential, which gave the concentration of extremely low dissolved oxygen that could not be detected by the membrane-coated oxygen electrode, was practically useful for the control of aerobic fermentation

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The most dominant factor influencing the oxidation-reduction potentials (E) in the cultured system was oxygen tension. E was an useful index to express the degree of oxygen supply in place of dissolved oxygen (PL) under a limited oxygen supply. The conversion of microbial products caused by the change in oxygen supply was clearly analyzed by the use of E value. Bacillus subtilis excreted lactic acid at the E value -220mV, 2, 3-butyleneglycol at -195mV and acetoin at -160mV as the main product. E also gave the significant information concerning the changes in cell's respiration. Cyanide at the concentration of 10^-5M, azide at 10^-3M and 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) at 10^-2M inhibited cell respiration causing the decrease in E and the increase in PL, and DNP at 0.4×10^-3M promoted oxygen uptake of the cells causing the decrease in both E and PL.

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The amounts of the cyclodextrins G6, G7 and G8 produced by the action of the enzyme from Bacillus megateriian (No. 5 enzyme) and Bacillus macerans amylase (BMA) on starch-¹⁴C (U) were determined by the calculation of radioactivity. Both fractions of No. 5 enzyme produced the cyclodextrin G6, G7 and G8 in the proportion of 1:2.4:1. On the other hand, BMA produced the cyclodextrin G6, G7 and G8 in the proportion of 2.7:1:1. The cyclodextrin G6 and G8 which are smaller parts of the reaction products by both fractions of No. 5 enzyme were found to be produced directly from starch, not from the redecomposition of cycledextrin G7. The ratio of the cyclodextrin G6, G7 and G8 were almost constant, regardless of the pH range of the reaction system.
By using the maltooligosaccharides terminated at the reducing end by radioactive glucose, the action of both fractions of No. 5 enzyme and BMA on the maltooligosaccharides were compared with each other. The results showed that both fractions of No. 5 enzyme acted on oligosaccharides larger than maltose, producing the radioactive glucose as the major product from each maltooligosaccharide (G2_??_G8). On the other hand, BMA acted on oligosac charides larger than maltotriose, producing the radioactive maltose as the major product.

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Production of polyols such as erythritol, D-mannitol and D-arabitol by citric acid-producing yeasts occurred only when the medium-pH was controlled at acidic pH, as described in the previous papers.
In order to elucidate the conversion mechanism of citric acid fermentation to polyol fermentation, the effect of pH on the activities of enzymes involved in polyol synthesis and tricarboxylic acid cycle was studied. Shifting down of the medium-pH from 5.5 to 3.5 led immediately to the change of intracellular pH, from 6.5_??_6.7 to 5.5_??_5.7. Such the change affected remarkably on the activities of intracellular enzymes. Citrate synthase was significantly depressed at pH 5.7, but isocitrate lyase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were reversely stimulated at this pH.
In some yeast strains incapable of polyol production, the change of medium-pH reflected directly on intracellular pH, whereby almost all enzymes were inhibited.
From these results, the conversion of citric acid production to polyol production was explained by the change in the enzyme activities caused by lowering of intracellular pH.

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Browning of egg albumen heated at 105_??_110°C was retarded by the addition of L-cysteine. A level of 5% L-cysteine was shown as a necessary amount for the effective retardation of browning. It was found that this retarding effect of L-cysteine on browning of egg albumen was caused by the elimination of carbohydrates in egg albumen which were necessary to browning reaction of proteins with the formation of 2-polyhydroxyalkyl thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acids, The depletion of carbohydrates by adding cysteine may be applicable to prevent the browning which occurs during spray drying of egg albumen and whole egg.

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A novel synthesis of cis-3, 4-ureylenethiophane-1, 1-dioxide (VII) via a key intermediate which can be obtained by only two steps from sulfolene was described.

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Three kinds of acid proteases were purified from the culture filtrate of Scytalidium lignicolum ATCC 24568. About 3mg of A-1, 6mg of A-2 and 6mg of B were obtained from one liter of culture broth. These purified enzymes were monodisperse by physicochemical criteria such as ultracentrifugal analysis and disc electrophoresis.
A-1 and A-2 were very similar to each other on their enzymatic properties except the small difference of isoelectric point. A-1 and A-2 were active between pH 3.0_??_3.5 toward casein, and stable between pH 2.5 and 5.5 for 20 hr at 37°C. Both enzymes were strongly inhibited by NBS, but not by EDTA, DFP and sulfhydryl reagents.
B was most active at pH 2.0, and stable at pH values between 1.5 and 5.0. This enzyme was also inhibited by NBS and KMnO₄, but not by EDTA, DFP and sulfhydryl reagents. The molecular weights and isoelectric points of A-1, A-2 and B were 43, 000, pH 3.6; 43, 000, pH 3.8 and 22, 000, pH 3.2, respectively.
A-1 and A-2 were not inhibited by S-PI and synthetic pepsin inhibitor such as diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methylester (DAN) and 1, 2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)-propane (EPNP). B was inhibited by EPNP, but not by S-PI and DAN.

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Gliadin was fractionated into three fractions; ω-gliadin, Fraction III (γ-gliadin) and Fraction IV (α- and β-gliadin). The determination of the molecular weights (MW) of the three fractions was performed by both SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and sedimentation equilibrium. In SDS-PAGE, ω-gliadin gave three bands (MW 50, 000, 54, 000 and 64, 000), Fraction III two bands (MW 38, 000 and 46, 000) and Fraction IV two bands (MW 33, 000 and 38, 000). The sedimentation analysis showed that each fraction was fairly homogeneous relative to molecular weight. The molecular weights obtained by sedimentation were 28, 000 for Fraction III and 27, 000 for both Fraction IV and ω-gliadin. The disagreement in molecular weight between sedimentation and gel electrophoresis was discussed.

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Excretion, distribution and metabolism of the fungicide, hymexazol, (3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole), labeled with carbon-14 were examined after administration of a single oral dose to Wistar-strain rats. Hymexazol was rapidly absorbed and distributed in the tissues. During 96 hr, 97% of the total radioactivity was excreted in the urine and 0.89% in the feces, and 0.86%. was found in the expired gasses for 24 hr. Two metabolites were detected in the urine, whose chemical structures were determined as 3-(β-D-glucopyranuronosyloxy)-5-methylisoxazole and 5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl sulfate.

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The minor RNA components in large ribosomal subunits of rat liver were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Quantitative analysis showed that these minor components, whose apparent molecular weights ranged from 8.48×10⁵ to 11.4×10⁵, represented 10 to 13% of the total high-molecular-weight ribosomal RNA.
It was elucidated that they were not artifacts arose during the cell homogenization, subcellular fractionation, RNA preparation and gel electrophoresis.
Labeling experiment in vivo showed that they were preferentially present in “old” ribosomes. It was predicted that these minor components were the intermediates in the degradation of 28S ribosomal RNA in vivo.
In the regenerating liver, where the degradation of proteins was reported to be blocked, the relative amount of the minor RNA components was decreased to about a half of that of normal liver. There was, however, no increase in their relative amount in the long-term starved rat liver, where RNA degradation should be going very rapidly.

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A species of Aerobacter KY 3071 isolated from soil was found to produce a guanosine analog. It was isolated in a crystalline form from the broth culture through chromatographies on ion-exchange resins and porous resin, and characterized as 9-(2'-amino-2'-deoxypentofuranosyl) guanine by paper chromatographies, UV, NMR, IR spectra and chemical analysis.
This compound inhibited the growth of E. coli KY 8323 but not of other bacteria including most of the other strains of E. coli. It also showed antitumor activity against HeLa cell and Sarcoma 180.

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For the purpose of improving the productivity of corynecins (chloramphenicol analogs), the mutation study of the producer, Corynebacterium hydrocarboclastus, was concerned in this investigation with the isolation of glycolipids defective strains. The mutant KY 8834 possessed glycolipids less than one-third to one-tenth of the parent. Productivity of corynecins of the mutant was better than that of the parent. In addition, this character of the mutant was advantageous for the stirring fermentation, because aggregation of cells was remarkably diminished unlike the case of the parental strain.
Another mutant was isolated by mutagenesis of glycolipids defective mutant, KY 8834. The mutant, KY 8835, produced dominantly corynecin I (less toxic homolog to the producer strain). Thus, the productivity of corynecins was elevated to about two-fold of that of strain KY 8834.

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Corynecins (N-acyl derivatives of D-(-)-threo-p-nitrophenyl serinol), which were firstly discovered in the culture broth of Corynebacterium hydrocarboclastus KY 4339 grown on n-alkane were also produced when n-alkane was replaced by sucrose. The corynecins production in the sucrose-medium was significantly stimulated by the supplement of molasses. On the basis of the composition of ingredients in molasses, the preferable culture medium was designed for the production of corynecins from sucrose. This semi-synthetic medium is consisted of low concentration of phosphate, high concentration of potassium chloride, inositol, fructose and yeast extract in addition to ordinary mineral salts. By controlling the pH of the medium at the neutral range and keeping the aeration at a relatively high level, approximately 4g of corynecins (as l-base) per liter of the medium were produced using a 5-liter jar fermentor.

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ATP: nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase-producing microorganism was isolated from soil in Osaka prefecture. The morphological and physiological characteristics of this microorganism were studied. This strain was identified and named Streptomyces adephospholyticus nov. sp.
When this strain was aerobically cultured in a fermentor at 30°C in a medium containing 2% glycerol, 4% polypepton, 0.1% KH₂PO₄, 0.04% MgSO₄°7H₂O, 2 ppm FeSO₄°7H₂O and 2ppm MnSO₄°6H₂O at pH 7.0, ATP: nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase was produced in the culture filtrate. The highest activity was obtained after 30 to 40 hr cultivation. The maximum enzyme production was 3000 to 4000 unit per liter.

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ATP: nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase was purified from culture filtrate of Streptomvices adephospholyticus A-4668 about 13, 000 fold by the method including ammonium sulfate fractionation, Amberlite IRC-50 treatment and column chromatography with DEAE-cellulose, DEAF-Sephadex A-25, SP-Sephadex C-25 and Sephadex G-75. The purified enzyme was homogenous on disk gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation and the specific activity was 915 units per mg protein. The molecular weight was determined as 28, 000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. The enzyme was found to be stable in the pH range of 5.5 to 10.5. More than 80% of the activity was remained after heating at 60°C for 30min. The enzyme exhibited maximum activity at 50°C.

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It was indicated from fluorescence spectra and fluorescence titration that a hydrophobic probe, 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS), binds to casein components (α_s-, β- and κ-casein). Fluorescence intensity and affinity of ANS- κ-casein complex were larger than that of ANS- α_s- and ANS-β-casein complexes. Enhancements of fluorescence intensity of complexes of casein components were observed by the addition of KCI or CaCl₂. Reason for the enhancement was postulated to be the increase of the quantum yield of the ANS fluorescence caused by the environmental change of ANS binding region of the casein components.
Marked increase of sedimentation coefficient of β-casein in the presence of KCI or CaCl₂ at 10°C was caused by the addition of ANS. This may be responsible for the stimulation of the Ca-dependent precipitation of β-casein by the addition of ANS.
It was found that α_s•κ-association was prevented by ANS and that hydrophobic interaction have an important role for α_s•κ-association.

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In the biosynthesis of corynecins by Corynebacterium hydrocarboclastus, it appeared that shikimic acid was one of the efficient precursors, where shikimic acid-U-¹⁴C was incorporated into corynecins in the yield of approximately 15%. Analyses of degradation products of labeled corynecins demonstrated that shikimic acid was incorporated specifically into aromatic ring of corynecins.
The incorporation of shikimic acid was inhibited by several aromatic amines such as p-aminophenylserinol-N-propionamide, although the uptake of shikimic acid was not affected, suggesting that biosynthesis of corynecins might be regulated by p-aminophenyl intermediates. Furthermore, p-aminophenylethylalcohol was found to be a potent inhibitor of biosynthesis of corynecins. In contrast, corynecins and other p-nitro-phenyl derivatives, aromatic amino acids and vitamins related to shikimic acid pathway did not inhibit the biosynthesis of corynecins from shikimic acid.

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The change of endogenous gibberellin in the germinated seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Kentucky Wonder was investigated. Based on this result, endogenous gibberellins in the mature seeds were extensively investigated to result in the isolation of GA₁, GA₈, GA₈ glucoside, AB-II (unknown gibberellin-like substance) and glucosyl esters of GA₁, GA₄, GA₃₇ and GA₃₈.

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From the immature seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Kentucky Wonder GA₁, GA₈, GA₃₈, ABA and GA₈ glucoside were isolated, and GA₄, GA₅, GA₆ and GA₃₇ were identified by GC or GC-MS. Unknown substance, AB-II, was also suggested to be present in the immature seeds. In the etiolated seedlings glucosyl esters of GA₁ and GA₃₈ were identified by GC. GA₈ glucoside and AB-II were shown to be present by the histograms.

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The structure of detoxin D₁, one of the main active principles of detoxin complex, has been established on the basis of the degradative studies and spectral evidences as depicted in formula (I).
Detoxin D₁ has been demonstrated to belong to a new class of the depsipeptide contained an amino acid designated detoxinine which was newly isolated as a natural product.

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Periodate oxidation of some sugar alcohols, methyl glycosides and a synthetic glucan in an amount of 5_??_20mg was performed in ca. 0.2_??_0.4ml of D₂O involving NaIO₄ (1.5_??_2.0 moles excess) in a NMR sample tube, and the reaction products were examined in the course of oxidation by NMR spectroscopy.
In addition to proton signals of formyl and formaldehyde (in acetal), proton signals at hemiacetal carbons were identified in the periodate oxidation. Splitting and change in O-methyl and N-acetate-methyl signals indicated presence of more than one structures for each of the reaction products in the periodate oxidations of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside and methyl N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminide. A condensation product was detected in the periodate oxidation of glycolaldehyde, D, L-glyceraldehyde and n-galactitol. A synthetic glucan was found to have a structure of 1, 6-linkage in a DP=15-17.

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Characteristic yellow substances obtained when tocopherols were treated with trimethylamine oxide under a nitrogen stream at 180°C were purified by means of silicagel column chromatography and preparative TLC. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic studies.
Treatment of α-tocopherol with trimethylamine oxide gave 7-formyl-β-tocopherol, 5-formyl-γ-tocopherol-3-en and 5-formyl-γ-tocopherol. Yellow reaction products from γ- and δ-tocopherols with trimethylamine oxide were 5-formyl-γ-tocopherol and 5-formyl-δ-tocopherol, respectively.

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Sulfoquinovosyldiglyceride and triglycosyldiglyceride were isolated from rice grains, mainly by column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. The major component fatty acids were palmitic, oleic, stearic and linoleic acids in sulfoquinovosyldiglyceride whereas they were linoleic, palmitic and oleic acids in triglycosyldiglyceride, in decreasing order of amount. The component sugar in sulfoquinovosyldiglyceride was sulfoquinovose, while those in triglycosyldiglyceride were galactose and glucose, the latter being predominant.

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Reduction of methyl 4, 6-O-benzylidene-α- and β-D-glycopyranosidulose derivatives with sodium borohydride was carried out. From the yield of the axial and equatorial epimers, a possible mechanism of the borohydride reduction and factors determining the directions of the reagent's attack to a carbonyl group are discussed.

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