Chemiluminescence (CL) of peripheral blood from the same donor was recorded after irradiation with various individual laser and superluminous diodes (660, 820, 880 and 950 nm, pulse repetition rates 16, 292 and 5000 Hz) during two periods of acute viral respiratory illness and in normal conditions of health. It was found that precise and statistically significant effects of laser radiation on CL (suppression of the CL) depend on wavelength, pulse repetition rate and dose and can be recorded only in the period of acute illness (i.e. at a certain immunological status of the organism) and there are practically no effects of laser radiation when the blood of a healthy donor is irradiated. The optimal irradiation parameters for suppression of free radical processes in human blood were as follows: dose range 10³-10⁴ J/m², pulse repetition rate 292 and 5000 Hz (16 Hz was ineffective), All wavelengths under study had the effect but λ = 660 nm was found to be most effective (65% of CL was suppressed).

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There have been many reports on the applications of low reactive level laser (LLL) therapy for pain attenuation or pain removal. Our group has reported previously on the effects of in vitro irradiation of LLL particularly on the phagocytic activity of human neutrophils, using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LmCL) for measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from human neutrophils. But the mechanisms of the attenuation of phagocytic activity of neutrophils by LLL irradiation is not yet full understood.
In this study, we used luminol-dependent and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (LgCL) for detection of affected ROS producing process of human neutrophils by LLL irradiation, Two soluble action stimuli, N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) were used to avoid the possible influence of lag-time from recognition to uptake of particles at the ROS production.
In case of using fMLP as a stimulus, the maximum luminescence intensity of LmCL was increased but LgCL luminescence was decreased by LLL irradiation. When PMA was used as a stimulus, the times to reach the maximum luminescence intensity of LmCL and LgCL were shortened by LLL irradiation but there was no effect on the maximum luminescence intensity of both.
These results suggest that LLL irradiation enhances the ROS production activity of human neutrophils by the activation of the superoxide converting system, the active element in which is mainly myeloperoxidase. LLL irradiation enabled a more rapid activation of the superoxide production system, NADPH-oxidase.

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Some biological properties of macrophages activated with Corynebacterium parvum, recombinant murine interferon-gamma (rMulFN-γ) and HeNe laser photodynamic therapy (PDT) were studied. Results obtained indicate the following: (i) macrophages activated with the three immunopotentiators have an intense phagocytic activity; (ii) the association of PDT-treated T and B peritoneal lymphocytes with macrophages increases their biological properties; (iii) the cytotoxic activity of photodynamically -activated macrophages (PD - AM Φ) varied between 42.8 and 59.4% of the normal function of the tumour target cells; and (iv) the three sets of macrophages exert cytostatic effects upon human and mouse leukaemia cells. In conclusion, macrophage immunopotentiation with photodynamic therapy has proved to be a useful method in cellular biological studies as well as for adoptive immunotherapy in various cancer forms.

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Forty patients with short and long-term neurosensory impairment following perioral nerve injuries are presented in this study. Assessment of their sensory level was undertaken using a variety of nerve tests, one of them was a visual analogue scale (VAS) for registration of sensitivity level prior to and after 10 treatment sessions and additionally for 21 of the 40 patients after 20 treatment sessions. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) was applied using GaAlAs 830 nm, 70 mW continuous wave, Dose of 6.0 J/cm² was standardized for all patients.
Improvement of the eight patients with clinical symptoms of less than 1 year after 10 treatments, was between 40-90% (average 51.9%) and after 20 treatments between 60-80% (average 66.7%) for the three patients who continued with the treatment. In 32 of the 40 patients with clinical symptoms of more than 1 year duration, their improvement was estimated at between 40 and 80% (average 54.8%), 21 patients completed 20 treatment sessions and the end results were between 60-90% (average 71.1%). This was an uncontrolled clinical study of LLLT on perioral nerve injuries and demonstrated the effectiveness of GaAlAs laser on the nerve involved when applied to the nerve trunk and terminal endings. Although controlled research into actual mechanisms and pathways is needed, the preliminary findings are very promising.

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In 52 patients who presented with peripheral facial paralysis, (idiopathic facial palsy or Bell’s palsy), 26 received stellate ganglion block (SGB) therapy, 11 received infrared (830 nm) diode laser low reactive level laser therapy (LLLT), and 15 received a combination of both of the above. The data were analysed to compare the effectiveness of the three regimens. Those patients who received only LLLT or the combination of LLLT with SGB showed a similar overall recovery from the paralysis compared to those treated with SGB alone. The group who received LLLT only also demonstrated a slightly better initial improvement in paralysis scores. No serious side effects were reported in the LLLT group, Taking the above data into consideration, the authors recommend diode laser therapy as a suitable single or adjunctive therapy for facial paralysis which is relatively easy and painless to apply, requires less technical skill, compared with SGB, and has no side-effects.

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Tinnitus is an annoying and often debilitating condition of neuro-otologic origin but of uncertain aetiology. Many treatment methods have been tried, but to date none has been consistently successful. The present preliminary study presents a blind trial of laser therapy (c/w HeNe 632.8 nm and pulsed GaAs 904 nm) combined with doses of an extract of Ginkgo biloba (50 mg) in two groups of 20 patients, one experimental and one control. All 40 patients received the biloba extract injection, but only the 20 experimental patients received real laser irradiation, 8 days, 8 min per day. The control group received sham irradiation in a blind arrangement. Fifty percent of the experimental group was assessed to have a reduction in tinnitus of more than 10 dB, compared with 5% in the control group in both self-assessment and audiometric findings. Although only a preliminary report, the results are very encouraging, and the authors suggest that this combined photochemotherapy is a promising treatment for tinnitus.

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