Journal of the Japan Association of Home Economics Education

The Effects of Homemaking Coeducation in Junior High Schools in Oita Prefecture (1) : Views toward Home Life and the Homemaking Subject

Katsuyo Kubo

Article type: Article
1993 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 1-6
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11549/jjahee.36.3_1

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We have investigated the results of teaching homemaking on a coeducational basis. The following results were obtained : 1 The students are free from the traditional views of home life. 2 They recognize the necessity of the homemaking subject and enjoy the coeducational approach.

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The Effects of Homemaking Coeducation in Junior High Schools in Oita Prefecture (2) : Firm Knowledge and Skills acquired on Food and Clothing Areas

Katsuyo Kubo

Article type: Article
1993 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 7-12
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11549/jjahee.36.3_7

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We investigated further on the knowledge and skills acquired on food and clothing areas. The main results are as follows : 1 Students have acquired knowledge on food and clothing, 2 They have learned adequate cooking techniques. 3 The knowledge and skills on food and clothing have taken root in their daily life. 4 Their skills on food and clothing differ between the sexes. Considering the fact that coeducational homemaking is about to be implemented within the country, it is important that studies of the subject materials be undertaken particularly from the view point of encouraging self-support within the home.

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Study on Coeducational Nursery Education (1) : A Course in line with Image toward Infants

Yaeko Muto, Kiyomi Eda

Article type: Article
1993 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 13-19
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11549/jjahee.36.3_13

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This study investigated parents' image of their infants and their views on the scope of nursery education by the sematic differential technique. The differences between parents and junior and senior high school students were also investigated. The results are as follows : 1. DIfference between fathers and mothers was only in regard to the image toward infants' treatment. Parents tend to be less different in their with each other. 2. There was a major difference between junior and senior high scool male students and fathers in regard to the image toward infants' cheerfulness. 3. There was a slight difference between junior and senior high scool female students and mothers in regard to the image toward infants' cheerfulness.

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Study on Coeducational Nursery Education (2) : Opinions of Parents' with 3 or 4 Year Old Children

Kiyomi Eda, Yaeko Muto

Article type: Article
1993 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 21-25
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11549/jjahee.36.3_21

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A questionaire was used to investigate parents' views on the scope of nursery education. The results are as follows : As parents with 3 or 4 year old children. they believe the contents of nursery education should consist of adolescence sex. kowledge about marriage and labor. and child problems.

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Awareness and Behavior of Schoolchildren in Ehime Prefecture in Their Way of Wearing Clothes (1) : Case of Wearing Everyday Clothes

Sakiko Funada

Article type: Article
1993 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 27-33
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11549/jjahee.36.3_27

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This report is based on a questionnaire which was conducted on 989 schoolchildren in 1989 to find out their awareness and behavior about the way of wearing everyday clothes. The main results are as follows : 1 There are wide differences due to school year, sex and locality in their way of wearing everyday clothes. 2 Their wearing of clothes has some relation to their mending rents in clothes. 3 It is necessary to give schoolchildren advice and guidance about the perception and practice in the correct way of wearing clothes.

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Awareness and Behavior of Schoolchildren in Ehime Prefecture in Their Way of Wearing Clothes (2) : Schoolchildren's Perception and Experience

Sakiko Funada

Article type: Article
1993 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 35-41
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11549/jjahee.36.3_35

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This report is based further on schoolchildren's feelings and actual experiences in the wearing of clothes. The main results are as follows : 1 47% of the subjects feel pleasure in wearing their clothes and have high expectation and interest in the matter of clothes. 2 Girls have a higher awareness in wearing their clothes, and this awareness becomes remarkably high in the case of sixth graders. 3 Learning to enjoy wearing clothes leads to schoolchildren's energetic lives through contribution toward their independence in wearing habits and better performance in wearing clothes.

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An Experimental Guidance Example in the Field of Clothing : With Special Reference to a Simple Method for Measuring the Iron Base Temperature

Michiko Nakahashi, Linn Cheng-Ru

Article type: Article
1993 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 43-47
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11549/jjahee.36.3_43

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Ironing guidance in the school education is an indispensable practical approach to teaching in the field of clothing. With the recent remarkable spread of synthetic resines, no-iron materials have been increasing in number, making ironing less frequent in our daily life. On the other hand, however, frequent occurrence of troubles due to ironing of thermolabile synthetic resines is a fact. The appearance of thermostatic iron led to the simple availability of ironing itself, and cosequently, pupils and students are actually ignorant than expected in the general knowledge of ironing. Such being the case, the author tried to develop a more effective teaching approach on how to make students grasp a correct knowledge of ironing and its application. The application of heat sensitizers and sensors (thermolabel, thermo-crayon) enables us to make a simple measurement of the iron base temperature. This is regarded as an effective practicable approach in school education.

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Pupil's Understanding on Dump Refuse in the Kitchen

Kikuko Yamamoto, Kazuo Irie

Article type: Article
1993 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 49-53
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11549/jjahee.36.3_49

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There are two kinds of bags to filter kitchen garbage for disposal. One is made of plastic which is Polyethylene and the other is made of Japanese paper. These filter bags have "EcoMark" indicating environmental protection. Kitchen garbage and paper bags are classified as combustible waste, and plastic bags are classified as incombustible waste. However, when a plastic filter bag is full of garbage, both the garbage and plastic filter bag have to be thrown away as combustible waste. We asked elementary school pupils whether a plastic and a paper filter bag are both combustible waste. Most pupils' answeres showed that a plastic filter bag was classified as incombustible waste, and a paper filter bag was classified as combutstible waste. Their reasons were as follows : When a plastic bag in burned, poisonous gas is yielded, but when a paper bag is burned, poisonous gas is not yielded. On the other hand, some pupils' answers showed that a plastic bag was classified as combustible waste. Their reason was that an "EcoMark" was printed on the bag.

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The Reform of Home Economics Education in the United Kingdom (1) : Characteristics of the Domestic Subject and the Formative Process of Home Economics

Sono Sato

Article type: Article
1993 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 55-61
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11549/jjahee.36.3_55

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In U. K. the reform in school education was carried out in the 1980's and the National Curriculum was established. On its occasion, the DES which falls to the Ministry of Education in Japan published The School Curriculum in 1981, and The Home Economics from 5 to 16, a guideline for coeducation, in 1985. This study attempts to perceive the course of this reform and to make the substantial problems explicit, and aims at an implication for discussion about Home Economics Education in Japan. This first report made explicit the charecteristis of Domestic Subject before the establishment of Home Economics and the process followed by the reform of Home Economics. 1. Concerning the Domestic Subject, distinct subjects were taught such as "Technology(Domestic Subject)" as a general subject for the first three secondary years, and as an elective subject for the next two years. 2. For its practice, distinct subjects such as cooking and sewing, which aimed at mastering of vocational and technical skills, were taught to girls in need. But there were few who took such lessons. 3. The reform of Home Economics was proceeded centering on "The Joint Council Home Economics Working Party" for the subject location in "The School Curriculum". The issue was to show the criterion not as separated areas but as synthesized "Home Economics" or not.

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The Reform of Home Economics Education in the United Kingdom (2) : Characteristics and Issues in Home Economics Described in the Guideline of DES

Sono Sato

Article type: Article
1993 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 63-70
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11549/jjahee.36.3_63

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In this study the author made a comparison between the Domestic Subject, described in the first report, and Home Economics on the guideline of DES. It analyzed the issues in the reform of Home Economics in U.K. viewed from the subject location in the National Curriculum. The study gave the following results: 1. The guideline proposed by DES intended to eliminate the principles in Domestic Subject and to construct Home Economics as a coeducational subject. 2. In the National Curriculum, however, Home Economics was designated not as a compulsory subject but as an elective subject. 3. As its reasons, in DES's Home Economics was found a lack of purpose synthesizing each area, inadequacy as vocational education, problems in teacher training, and necessity of improvement in the social estimation of finance for educational practice and the subject itself. 4. For the establishment of Home Economics Education in U.K., these four items have to be overcomed. The above mentioned findings are acceptable for the study of our Home Economics Education in the future.

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Reconsideration of Yojyoho, a Subject in Gakusei, in the 1872 School Ordinance : From the Viewpoint of Health Education inherent in Homemaking Education

Hitomi Nakagawa

Article type: Article
1993 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 71-77
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11549/jjahee.36.3_71

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Until now, two viewpoints have been proposed about the nature of yojyoho, a subject specified in Gakusei, the 1872 School Ordinance. One stated that yojyoho was the origin of kajika, and the other denied that this was the case. The present study aimcd to shed a new light on the issue, through a thorough investigation of the curriculum of the subject. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Yojyoho was included as a subject in Gakusei, the 1872 School Ordinance, for the purpose of health education. 2. Through several amendments of the school ordinance, the name of the subject was changed to yojyo-kojyu or yojyo-dan. 3. Some localities, for example, Niikawa-ken and Osaka-fu, began instructions of this subject early in the Gakusei period, but other localities, such as Ishikawa-ken, Tokyo-fu and Nagano-ken, started it late in the period. 4. Toward the end of the Gakusei period, the curriculum of yojyoho became enriched, covering the domains of food, clothing, housing, sports, mental and contageous diseases. 5. It can be concluded that yojyoho was the origin of kajika, or homemaking education, from the viewpoint of health education which should be inherent in homemaking education.

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Study on the Development of Manual Skills (1) : The Learning of Elementary Pupils and Preschool Children on Tying Strings

Uta Shimizu, Hiromi Mori

Article type: Article
1993 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 79-84
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11549/jjahee.36.3_79

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Remarkable learning effects on elementary school pupils as the results of experimental guidance and practice of tying strings have been reported previously. Thereafter, the same experiments were conducted on preschool children of the five-year-old group (May-July, 1991 ; 63 subjects of both sexes) and the four-year-old group (October-December, 1991 ; 54 subjects of both sexes). The subjects were given initial guidance to tie "Mamusubi (square knot)" and practised it regularly once a week for seven weeks. Follow-up experiments were done after seven weeks. In this report, comparisons of results by age including six and seven-year-old elementary school pupils are described. The most favorable effects were observed in the five-year-old group.

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