The purposes of the present study were to develop the Anger Scale for Children and Adolescents (ASCA),which was designed to measure the respondents' self-reported anger, and to investigate and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Anger Scale, based on COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments).A sample of 1,088 children and adolescents completed questionnaires. The results suggest that the Anger Scale for Children and Adolescents has adequate reliability and moderate validity. Additionally, the boys and older respondents reported experiencing anger more often than the girls and younger respondents did. A series of analyses using item response theory revealed that the Anger Scale for Children and Adolescents had good measurement accuracy in those children and adolescents who reported experiencing moderate to severe levels of anger. The applicability of the Anger Scale for Children and Adolescents in cognitive behavioral practice with young clients experiencing severe anger, limitations of the present study, and direction for future research were discussed.

Increasingly, studies of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) have suggested that psychological flexibility is related to mental health. However, too few studies have examined the model of psychological flexibility from the point of Relational Frame Theory (RFT), the basis of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Related to that, behavioral variability governed by rules may provide a new point of view for Relational Frame Theory. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between behavioral variability governed by rules and psychological flexibility, and the benefit of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with reference to Relational Frame Theory. Participants responded to questionnaires and completed 2 computer tasks which measured their behavioral variability governed by rules. The findings revealed that the participants' scores on the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) and on behavioral variability governed by rules were weakly but not significantly correlated. On the other hand, the participants with poor mental health tended to exhibit psychological inflexibility and behavioral rigidity, and psychological flexibility and behavioral variability governed by rules seemed to predict mental health. In conclusion, the present study suggests that behavioral variability governed by rules may reflect one part of psychological flexibility, and benefit Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with reference to Relational Frame Theory.

The present article reports a case study of a patient who recovered from prolonged depression with HIV-infection phobia and returned to work. Combined exposure and response prevention and medication adjustment, and combined cognitive therapy and medication adjustment were used to treat this patient. HIV-infection phobia was identified as one of the factors that prolonged his depression. The patient's physical symptoms were alleviated by making adjustments to his medication, and then exposure and response prevention was conducted for HIV-infection phobia. Exposure and response prevention was highly relevant and easily implemented for this patient. Although exposure and response prevention is rule-governed behavior, it was expected to have an intrinsic reinforcement value through the homework of being able to feel happy or to feel that the patient's life would become easier immediately upon achievement. Recovery from HIV-infection phobia was achieved by efficiently introducing exposure and response prevention, which was emotionally painful in a normal situation. As a result, it was possible for the patient to recover from depression that was influenced by his HIV-infection phobia.