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Volume 38, Issue 3
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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James A. Henry, Brian Angus, Charles H. W. Horne1989 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 241-261
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBreast growth and development is influenced by oestrogens and the growth of many breast cancers is driven by oestrogens, an effect which is utilised in the endocrine treatment of breast cancer. Oestrogens act by binding to the oestrogen receptor, a specific protein which in turn binds to specific regulatory regions of DNA, thereby altering gene expression. The effects of oestrogens may be mediated by growth factors and other substances under oestrogen regulation. Oestrogen receptor status in breast tumours can be determined by cytosolic radioligand binding assays, enzyme linked immunoassay, immunohistochemistry and measurement of messenger RNA levels. Tumour oestrogen receptor content is an established but not absolute predictor of both response to endocrine therapy and prognosis in breast cancer. Paradoxically, a small proportion of apparently oestrogen receptor negative tumours do respond to endocrine therapy, perhaps reflecting expression of low and unmeasurable levels of receptor or tumour heterogeneity with respect to receptor expression. A larger proportion of oestrogen receptor positive tumours unexpectedly fail to respond to endocrine therapy; in these cases it is possible that oestrogen receptor has become dissociated from the transcriptional and translational events which it normally regulates. Determination of levels of expression of substances regulated by oestrogens can provide information regarding the functional integrity of the oestrogen response pathway and such substances include the progesterone receptor, plasminogen activator, cathepsin D and a variety of messenger RNA sequences.View full abstractDownload PDF (2056K) -
Rajko Dolecek1989 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 262-276
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter burn trauma, a very marked endocrine response occurs. Almost all the known hormones take part in it. Their response influences very much the postburn metabolic changes and participates in the integration of the body's response with the nervous and immune systems. In this review, mainly the changes in various hormone levels are described, as well as the possible role of the acute phase response after burn trauma, and the communications between the endocrine and immune systems, the cells of the latter are able to respond to various hormonal stimuli and to secrete various hormones themselves. Some of the hormones are very sensitive indicators of the burn stress, e. g., the T3 levels (very low), testosterone in males (very low), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) (very low), ADH, catecholamines, renin and angiotensin II, cortisol (high), 17-β-estradiol in males (usually elevated). Other hormones are usually elevated, but not always (ACTH, aldosterone, prolactin, glucagon, immunoreactive insulin, β-endorphin, rT3, 11-β-hydroxyandroste-nedione), but there are hormones that are unually low (T4 FSH, androstenedione, progesterone-the latter especially in females). Calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, growth hormone are sometimes elevated, as well as LH (measured with RIA methods). TSH is usually normal, the biologically measured LH was reported to be low. The levels of the sensitive indicators of burn stress may be used to evaluate the effect of treatment: if the burn patient is properly treated, the indicators may become earlier normal.View full abstractDownload PDF (701K) -
Takuji Tsukamoto1989 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 277-293
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe KU-8 cell line was established from a lymph node metastasis of human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis. The cells grew rapidly (doubling time 20 hours) as adherent monolayers, and were tumorigenic in nude mice. The carcinoma cells showed epithelial characteristics by observation with a phase contrast microscope. The cells retained the ultrastructural characteristics of squamous epithelium including tonofilaments and desmosomes. In addition to the morphological characteristics of SCC, this cell line preserved specific molecular markers of epithelium, such as desmoplakin, cytokeratin, and involucrin, all of which were demonstrated by immunofluorescent studies. Furthermore, SCC-related antigen (SCC-RA), a tumor marker for SCC, was produced in KU-8. Moreover, immunofluorescent study showed that KU-8 cell line expressed the specific receptor of epidermal growth factor (EGF), which turned out to increase the cell growth of KU-8. These results indicate that this new cell line could provide an excellent model for the basic research and development of new therapeutic modalities of penile carcinoma.View full abstractDownload PDF (3995K) -
Kunihiro Takahashi, Etsuo Niwa, Taisuke Tomatsu, Fujio Iseki, Masao Mi ...1989 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 294-310
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDetailed investigation for the local stress increment at the fixation post bottom of an artificial knee joint was performed by two-dimensional finite element method. A strain measurement was also conducted by wire strain gauges on a cancellous bone with a special method. It was made clear that a curvature with a certain extent of radius was necessary for the corner of a fixation post and application of acrylic cement with a certain extent of thickness (3 mm≥) was effective for stress relaxation, and that an optimum value (10-110 GPa) existed for elastic modulus of bone cement.View full abstractDownload PDF (519K) -
Kouichi Ohta1989 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 311-318
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRed blood cell (RBC) aggregability has been reported to be enhanced in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disorders. We investigated whether the ischemic insult per se causes such enhancement of RBC aggregability. Fifteen cats were anesthetized and the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded. Successful occlusion was confirmed from a sudden decrease in cerebral blood volume. Venous blood samples (2ml) were obtained from the femoral vein before and after MCA occlusion. The blood was immediately mixed with disodium EDTA (2mg), and the RBC aggregation rate (RBC-A) was measured employing a wholeblood RBC aggregometer. The control value for RBC-A was 0.213±0.007/s (mean±SEM). RBC-A was already increased at 1h after the occlusion (0.229±0.007/s, p<0.01) and maintained a significantly high level until 2h after the occlusion (0.229±0.018/s, p<0.05) as compared with the control value. These results suggest that a brief insult of cerebral ischemia brought about an enhancement of the RBC aggregability in the circulating blood.View full abstractDownload PDF (340K) -
Mari Nirasawa, Norio Sugaya, Keiko Mitamura, Takako Komiyama, Hideyuki ...1989 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 319-324
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 1, 040-g premature baby was diagnosed to have disseminated candidiasis and treated with amphotericin B (AMB) and 5-fluorocytosine. During the treatment, an unexpectedly large dose of AMB was infused unintentionally. AMB level was as high as 1.73 μg/mL soon after 5mg/kg infusion instead of 0.5mg/kg. However, it dropped rapidly to 0.83 μg/mL after 24 hours. AMB was detected in patient's serum at a higher level than minimal inhibitory concentration as long as one month after treatment was stopped. The patient showed liver dysfunction but no nephrotoxicity. The further studies are needed to establish safe and effective treatment regimen in premature infants with disseminated candidiasis.View full abstractDownload PDF (235K)
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