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Volume 47, Issue 1
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Yukio ICHIKAWA, Tomoyoshi KOIZUMI, Takayuki KATTO1990 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: January 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of crystalization temperature and molecular weight on the fine structure of polyphenylene sulfide was studied with WAXS and SAXS. Crystallinity, specific surface, chord length of crystalline phase, long period, and thickness of crystalline phase increased while thickness of amorphous phase decreased and disorder parameter was nearly constant as crystallization temperature increased. Chord length of amorphous phase, long period and thickness of amorphous phase increased as molecular weight increased. But chord length of crystalline phase and thickness of crystalline phase were nearly constant. Crystallinity, disorder parameter, and specific surface decreased as molecular weight increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (758K) -
Kuniyoshi ITOYAMA, Tatsundo TANAKA1990 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 7-10
Published: January 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUniaxially drawn rods were prepared by extensionally drawing the nematic melts of a wholly aromatic copoly (ester -amide) containing 6-hydroxy 2-naphthoic acid, p-amino phenol, and terephthalic acid, extruded from a die of 7mm diameter. The extrusion temperature was varied from 300 to 325°C. At each temperature the degree of molecular orientation in the drawn rods was varied by taking the extension ratio as a variable. The moduli decreased with increasing the diameter of the drawn rods, while the degree of crystallite orientation remained almost unchanged. Ultrahigh modulus values can be reached in highly oriented noncrystalline chains. The rods of 1.0mm diameter yielded ultrahigh moduli of 110 GPa for stretching and of 108 GPa for bending.View full abstractDownload PDF (1028K) -
Kikuo YAMAMOTO, Takashi MAEHARA, Katsuo MITANI1990 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 11-16
Published: January 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPoly (vinyl choride) powders containing several kinds of plasticizers (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, polyester azipate, tricresyl phosphate) were synthesized by gas phase polymerization. For some plasticized PVC systems, the morphology was studied, and the gas phase polymerization was analysed using the χ parameter of the Flory-Huggins theory. The effect of plasticization on the viscoelastic behavior was investigated. The results indicate that Tg (glass transition temperature) of this plasticized PVC was lower than those of PVC blend systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (1207K) -
Toshio KASE, Makoto IMAHORI, Toshio KOMIYATANI, Kenji ITOH, Yoshinobu ...1990 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 17-24
Published: January 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS2-Phenyl-1, 3-butadiene (2PB) was anionically polymerized to give the polymers having high molecular weights and narrow molecular weight destributions. The microstructures of the polymers were primarily dependent on the polymerization temperature, irrespective of the varieties of polymerization solvents. Taking into account the microstructures, it is concluded that 1, 4-additions proceed selectively in the propagation of 2PB. This conclusion is supported by the calculated values of frontier electron density of the monomer. The characteristic ratio, C∞, of poly (2PB) containing 92% 1, 4-E structure was estimated to be 6.9 from the intrinsic viscosity measurement at near Θ temperature (65°C in n-butyl formate). The glass transition temperature was 28°C. Furthermore, the pseudo-equilibrium shear modulus, G0eN, evaluated from the measurement of stress relaxation was 1.26×106dyn/cm2 (log G0eN=6.10), from which the entanglement molecular weight, Me, was estimated to be 2.1×104. These results show that the bulky substituent, phenyl group, exerts enormous effects on the nature of the polymer, such as chain rigidity, free volume, and dynamic interactions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1203K) -
Iwao TAKASE, Koji TAKADA, Hiroshi AIDA1990 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 25-32
Published: January 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to prepare polymers containing 4-membered lactone units along the main chain, radical cyclopolymerization of ethyl vinyl maleate (EVM) and ethyl isopropenyl maleate (EIPM) was studied in benzene at 70°C. In the polymerization of EVM, it was found that the polymers obtained at a high monomer concentration contain both a large amount of β-lactone and a small amount of γ-lactone units in the main chain, but those obtained at a monomer concentration lower than 0.5 mol/l contain almost only β-lactone units. On the other hand, the polymerization of EIPM gave the polymers containing only β-lactone units in the main chain nearly independently with respect to the monomer concentration. The polymers are composed of the alternating composition of β-methyl-β-propiolactone and ethyl acrylate. All of the polymers containing only β-lactone units in the main chain thus obtained are soluble in various organic solvents. On heating the polymers up to 200°C, β-lactone moiety in the main chain decomposes with the release of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, the different thermal stabilities of β-propiolactone and β-methyl-β-propiolactone rings in the main chain of poly (EVM) and poly (EIPM), respectively, were observed in the measurement of TGA.View full abstractDownload PDF (1276K) -
Hideo KUNISADA, Yasuo YUKI, Yosihumi MATUSITA, Minoru INUZUKA, Masahir ...1990 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 33-40
Published: January 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS2-Amino-4- (p-alkyloxyanilino) -6-isopropenyl-1, 3, 5-triazines (pCnIT, where “n” means the number of alkyl carbon atoms) were prepared by the reaction of p-alkyloxyphenylbiguanide with methacryloyl chloride for pC4IT, pC6IT, and pC8IT or by the reaction of 2-amino-4- (p-hydroxyanilino) -6-isopropenyl-1, 3, 5-triazine with alkyl bromides for pC10IT-pC18IT. New comb-like polymers were prepared by the homopolymerizations and copolymerizations of pCnIT with styrene, methyl methacrylate, and methyl acrylate (M1) in dimethyl sulfoxide using azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. The copolymerization parameters (r1, r2, Q, and e values) were determined. Glass transition temperatures of poly-pC6IT-poly-pC18IT were 192-196°C. The long alkyl side chains of poly-pC12IT-poly-pC18IT can crystallize at around 0°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1284K) -
Satoshi TANIGAWA, Katsuhiko NAKAMAE, Tsunetaka MATSUMOTO, Minoru INUZU ...1990 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 41-48
Published: January 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolyimide surface was treated by radio frequency plasma with oxygen in a vacuum system. Wettability and polar group density at the surface, and the adhesion of the vacuum deposited thin Fe film on the polyimide surface were investigated. Wettability of the polyimide surface was improved by means of the treatment with the plasma. Wettability of the surface decreased with the increasing of aging time in air. Hydrophilic groups, such as hydroperoxide group and amino group, that were generated on the polymer surface were analyzed by ESCA quantitatively. The polar groups density at the surface was dependent on the radio frequency power and the treating time of the plasma. The adhesion of the vacuum deposited thin Fe film on the polyimide surface was abruptly improved by the plasma pretreatment. The adhesion was dependent on the polar groups density on the polymer surface, which was generated by the plasma pretreatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1745K) -
Takafumi YAMAMIZU, Osamu NAGANO, Kunihiko TAKEDA1990 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 49-56
Published: January 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPorous crosslinked polymers carrying anion exchange groups were synthesized with varying degrees of crosslinking and pore structures. Volume changes of ion-exchanged polymers greatly varied according to their degrees of crosslinking and pore structures. It is generally said that the stronger the counter ions adsorb, the more the ion exchangers shrink. In this study, polymers with 5-10% crosslinking were similaly shrunken when they were ion-exchanged from Cl- ions to FeCl-4ions. FeCl-4 ions adsorb more strongly than Cl- ions. But it was found that polymers with 20% or more crosslinking were swollen by adsorption of FeCl-4 ions and polymers with the same 20% crosslinking were varied in volume change from shrinking to swelling by their pore structures. From these phenomena, we studied pore structures of crosslinked polymers and proved retention of pore structures.View full abstractDownload PDF (2091K) -
Jinichiro KATO, Katsuyuki NAKAMURA1990 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 57-61
Published: January 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSolidification and melting behavior of 1, 6-dichloro-2, 4-hexadiyne was studied by high pressure DTA. This compound was found to polymerize under 5000kg/cm2 at 40°C for 18 h. The polymerization manner was topochemical and topotactic. The polymer has a crystalline structure different from that of a polymer obtained by photopolymerization in the frozen state.View full abstractDownload PDF (935K) -
Nobuyoshi SUZUKI, Motoyuki SUGIURA, Hiroshi GOTO, Takashi YAMAMOTO1990 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 63-71
Published: January 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new process to prepare polyolefin-graft-vinyl polymers was developed. Vinyl monomers, a peroxide monomer which has O-O bonds inside (HE·PO, CH2=C (CH3) COOC2H4OC (O) -O-O-t-Bu), and an organic initiator were impregnated in polyolefin pellets which were suspended in water. The vinyl monomers were polymerized in the polyolefin pellets (impregnation polymerization) and the resulting polymers were thermally mixed in an extruder in which reactive processing (grafting onto polyolefins) took place. Conversion of the impregnation polymerization was almost 100% in case of polyolefin/styrene/HE·PO in 70/30/0.9 parts ratio. Grafting efficiencies of poly (St-stat-HE·PO) prepared in 30/0.9 parts ratio onto lower density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene-ethylacrylate copolymers (EEA), ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers (EVA), and ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers (EPDM) (70 part) were 33, 59, 50, 46, and 56%, respectively. The resulting graft copolymers are useful as polymer modifiers and compatibility improvers. The graft copolymers obtained here had greater elongation at break than the corresponding straight blend. Vinyl polymer segments of graft copolymers micro-dispersed in the polymer matrix and showed strong adhesion at interface.View full abstractDownload PDF (2008K) -
Yukio ICHIKAWA, Yo IIZUKA, Takayuki KATTO1990 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 73-77
Published: January 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of molecular weight on the crystallization rate of polyphenylene sulfide treated with hydrogen chloride after polymerization was studied. Overall crystallization rates and growth rates decreased as molecular weight increased while nucleation densities increased. Temperature dependences of crystallization rates were analyzed with kinetic equations proposed by Hoffman. Molecular weight dependence of crystallization rates was governed by the preexponential factor rather than by transport of chain segment or by formation of nuclei.View full abstractDownload PDF (786K) -
Kunio URUSHIDO, Kouji KOIKE, Hiroharu KITANO, Masahiko KOBAYASHI, Sato ...1990 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 79-82
Published: January 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHomopolymentation and copolymerization of N-allylmaleimide (AMI) werecarried out by using azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. AMI showed a high rate of polymerization compared with N-allylcitraconimide (ACI) which had an α-methyl group. Gelation occurred at 5% conversion for AMI, whereas at 25% conversion for ACI. The overall activation energy measured was 25.4 kcal mol-1. In the copolymerization of AMI (M1) with styrene (M2), altematirlg-type copolymers were obtained. All the maleic double bonds participated in the copolymerization and substantially all the allylic double bonds remained as residual dounle bonds. The reactivity ratio was detemined; r1=0.035, r2=0.056. The Q and e values calculated from these reactivity ratios were 2.42 and 1.70, respectively, for AMI.View full abstractDownload PDF (632K)
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