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Volume 36, Issue 11
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Itsuro TANAKA, Katsuhiko KATO, Kazuo WATANABE1979 Volume 36 Issue 11 Pages 713-719
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarious aromatic polymers have been prepared and their properties such as light-fastness, flameresistance, and non melting, have been investigated. The aromatic polyester-amides, synthesized from m-aminophenol and isophthaloyl dichloride, had better light-fastness, but not better flame-resistant properties than the wholly aromatic polyamides. Several aromatic copolyamides and polyamidehydrazides were prepared from acid dichlorides and such diamines and dihydrazides as were expected to impart good flame-resistance and light-fastness to the copolymers. Although no satisfactory results were obtained from the copolyamides, the polyamide-hydrazide which consist of isophthaloyl dichloride, 3, 3′-diaminodiphenyl-sulphone and isophthaloyl dihydrazide were found to be flame-resistant fibers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1229K) -
Itsuro TANAKA, Kazuo WATANABE, Katsuhiko KATO1979 Volume 36 Issue 11 Pages 721-727
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain a flame-resistant fiber having excellent light-fastness and non melting, bromine was introduced into aromatic polyester-amides and polyester-hydrazides, by copolymerization. It was found that the polyester-hydrazide composed of terephthaloyl dichloride, isophthaloyl dihydrazide and 2, 2-bis (3, 5-dibromo-4-hydroxphenyl) propane (tetrabromo-bisphenol A) with 6-9wt% of bromine content, gave satisfactory results and had a great potential as an excellent flame-resistant fiber. Two step polymerization was devised to obtain a polymer having moleculer weight sufficiently high for spinning process; tetrabromobisphenol A was first allowed to react with terephthaloyl dichloride in a halogenized hydrocarbon solvent and then isophthaloyl dihydrazide was added to react with the first step products in a polar organic solvent at low temperature. The maximum value of ηinh of polyester-hydrazide was 2.25.View full abstractDownload PDF (1151K) -
Shinsuke YAMAZAKI1979 Volume 36 Issue 11 Pages 729-737
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome problems in the formation of poly (methyl methacrylate) latex with very fine particles have been investigated. Transparent polymer latices having particle sizes of approximately 0.02-0.03μ diameter were produced by use of sodium lauryl sulfate as an emulsifier and by adding a small amount of cupric ion in a K2S2O6-Na2S2O3 redox initiating system. When a very fine polymer latex is produced by emulsion polymerisation nuder conventional conditions, the latex viscosity usually increases up to several hundred thousand centi poise in the gel state. It was found that the addition of an electrolyte of a limited concentration to the ultrafine polymer latex remarkably reduced the apparent viscosity: the viscosity of more than several hundred thousand centi poise was decreased to about several centi poise. Change in the fluidizing character of the latex with very high viscosity by the electrolyte addition can be explained by means of destruction of an ice-like hydration shell with sufficient thickness for the close-packing and of the concept of the effect of particle spacing on the latex viscosity introduced by the Kelsey's calculation method.View full abstractDownload PDF (2312K) -
Tatsuro OUCHI, Koji YOKOBAYASHI, Yoshitaka ARITA, Minoru IMOTO1979 Volume 36 Issue 11 Pages 739-742
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reaction of methylisopropyl ketone (MIPK) with formaldehyde (F) was studied in the aqueous solution, using sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. The rate of the consumption of F was found to be proportional to [MIPK] [F] [NaOH]. The rate constant at 60°C and the activation energy for the hydroxymethylation of MIPK with F were obtained experimentally to be 1.15×10-1. dm6 mol-2s-1 and 92.8 kJ mol-1 respectively. A structural study on the viscous obligometric by-product was also made.View full abstractDownload PDF (554K) -
Moriyuki SATO, Takao UCHIDA, Masaaki YOKOYAMA1979 Volume 36 Issue 11 Pages 743-750
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhosphorus-containing bisester-diphthalic acids, 4, 4′- [alkyl-phosphorylbis (1, 3-phenyleneoxycarbonyl)] diphthalic acid (III), were synthesized from bis (3-hydroxyphenyl) alkylphosphine oxide and trimellitic anhydride acid chloride and polyester-imides were prepared from III and aromatic diisocyanates. The polymerization conditions are examined. The resulting polymers were soluble in DMA, DMF, DMSO, and concd. H2SO4. They had reduced viscosities of 0.09-0.23dl/g measured at a concentration of 0.2 g/dl in DMA at 30°C. The polymer yields were 40-76%. Thermal analyses showed that the polymers degraded in three steps in air and in two stages in nitrogen and that the thermal behaviors of phosphorus-containing polymers were different from those of analogous nonphosphorus polymers. The phosphorus-containing polymers had a little better flame-retardance than nonphosphorus polymers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1293K) -
Tsutomu OISHI, Toshiharu ISHIKAWA, Tadashi KIMURA1979 Volume 36 Issue 11 Pages 751-758
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHomopolymerization and copolymerization of N-acetoxymethylmaleimide (I), N-propionyloxymethyl-maleimide (II), N-isobutyryloxymethylmaleimide (III), and N-benzoyloxymethylmaleimide (IV) were carried out at 60°C by using azobisisobutyronitrile (V) as an initiator in tetrahydrofuran. The initial rate of the polymerization was expressed by the equation Rp=k [I] 2.9 [V] 0.57, where k is rate constant. The overall activation energy and frequency factor measured were 23.7 kcal/mol and 2.8×1012s-1, respectively, for I. The reactivity ratios were determined as r1=0.049, rr2=1.46; r1=0.095, r2=1.44; r1=0.031, r2=1.71; r1=0.083, r2=0.79 for the copolymerizations of I, II, III, and IV (M1) with methyl methacrylate (M1), respectively. The Q and e values calculated from these reactivity ratios were Q=0.96, e=2.02 for I; Q=0.89, e=1.81 for II; Q=1.18, e=2.11 for III; Q=1.81, e=2.05 for IV.View full abstractDownload PDF (1245K) -
Shinji TSURU, Shinzo YAMAKAWA, Fumio YAMAMOTO1979 Volume 36 Issue 11 Pages 759-765
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to develop hot-melt adhesive materials having high adhesive bondability both to ployethylene and metals, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers were homogeneously grafted with acrylic acid by two grafting methods: (1) γ-ray preirradiation of the copolymer in air followed by contact with monomer solutions, (2) free-radical chain transfer reactions onto the copolymer. By using the graft copolymers as an adnesive, two tin or low-density polyethylene (LDPE) sheets were melt-bonded at 120°C, The chain-transfer method yields graft copolymers having higher peel strength to both LDPE and tin adherends than the former method does. The peel strength of tin joints, which were bonded with the graft copolymers prepared by the chain-transfer method, depends on the combination of grafting conditions rather than the acrylic acid content. When the graft copolymers containing a similar acrylic acid content are compared, the copolymers prepared under the grafting conditions so as to give high grafting point-density yield higher peel strength than those prepared under the grafting conditions that gave low grafting point density. This result can be explained in terms of the microphase-separation structure of multicomponent polymers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1163K) -
Tomoyuki YAMAGATA, Tadahiro ISHII, Yoshiaki TAKANAKA, Takashi HANDA1979 Volume 36 Issue 11 Pages 767-771
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe changes in yellow index, color index, and gloss index of white aromatic polyurethane paints containing some antioxidants by the irradiation of weather-O-meter were measured in order to estimate the effectiveness of the antioxidants for photodeterioration of polyurethane. The photostabilization in yellow index and color index was increased by the addition of antioxidants which have large quenching indexes for singlet oxygen. A linear relation was observed between yellow index and color index. The aromatic polyurethane having a tertiary hydrogen in the polymer chain was susceptible to photodeterioration, but a stabilization was observed by the addition of an antioxidant which has large quenching index for singlet oxygen. Gloss index decreased with increasing yellowing and coloring.View full abstractDownload PDF (942K) -
Masato KODAKA1979 Volume 36 Issue 11 Pages 773-775
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the dark, 4, 4′-diazidostilbene-2, 2′-disulfonic acid was synthesized from 4, 4′-diaminostilbene-2, 2′-disulfonic acid. After this stilbene derivative was adsorbed at the channel of cellulose membrane, it was covalently bound to cellulose by a photoreaction. The UV spectra suggested that the stilbene part was bound to cellulose in cis form. The effect of photoirradiation on the permeability of p-nitrophenol through the cellulose and cellulose-stilbene membranes was investigated. The permeability coefficient of cellulose-stilbene membrane at pH 9.5 was increased a little after the photoirradiation and returned to its original value when the membrane was allowed to stand in the dark at room temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (508K)
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