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Predecessor
Volume 37, Issue 1
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Tadanao ANDO, Seiichi KATAOKA1980 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: January 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAcylations of chitin with acid anhydrides were examined in mixed solvents of trichioroacetic acid (TCA) with 1, 2-dichloroethane (DCE) and of dichloroacetic acid with DCE. The reaction of chitin with acetic anhydride in the mixed solvents proceeded smoothly in the homogeneous state. Halogen content in the reaction products of the TCA system was negligibly small, while that of the dichloroacetic acid system was significant, suggesting a participation of dichloroacetic acid in the reaction. The acylation with acetic anhydride was depressed by water contaminating the chitin and the TCA. The acetylation of chitin in 35 : 65wt% TCA-DCE solution proceeded fast until the degree of acetylation of 1.0, but became very slow afterwards. The rate constants in the first step were 30 times or even more greater than those in the subsequent steps. The acylation of chitin with aliphatic acid anhydrides and acrylic and methacrylic anhydrides also progressed smoothly in the TCA-DCE solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (1217K) -
Hiroharu HORIUCHI, Kazuko MORISAWA1980 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 9-13
Published: January 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate molecular weight dependence of poly (vinyl alcohol) on the characteristics of complexes with poly (methacrylic acid) (PMAA) a system composed of oligo (vinyl alcohol) (OVA) of DP less than 100 and PMAA has been investigated by potentiometric and viscometric methods. Plots of pH of the solution against mole fraction of the acid in the system show connected lines and the breaking points correspond to the compositions of components and/or their complex characteristic to their interaction. OVA can form equimolar polycomplex with PMAA to induce the transition of compact coil structure of PMAA to an expanded one in water. In somewhat concentrated solution 1, 3-butanediol behaves similarly to OVA when treated as a dimer of vinyl alcohol.View full abstractDownload PDF (854K) -
Toyoji TSUCHIHARA1980 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 15-21
Published: January 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIndustrial novel process for preparation of powdered ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (vinyl acetate content, 35-65wt%) was studied. The copolymer was prepared by emulsion polymerization and the emulsion was powdered by rapid discharge out of the autoclave. Necessary conditions of polymerization for preparation of powdered copolymer were selection of emulsifiers, addition method of initiator, solid content of obtained emulsion and degree of polymerization of the copolymer. Furthermore, conditions of emulsion polymerization for preparing gelated powder useful as blending material were studied. High degree of gel content was obtained in the emulsion particles by the copolymerization of diallyl phthalate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate with ethylene and vinyl acetate in emulsion.View full abstractDownload PDF (1068K) -
Akira FUKAMI, Hiroyuki NAKAJIMA, Shigeru KUBOTA1980 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 23-28
Published: January 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFifteen kinds of polyquinazolones III containing hexahydrophthalimide, tetratiydrophthalimide, nadimide and succimide groups in the side chain were prepared by condensation of 6, 6′-methylpm, bis (imide-substituted benzoxazine-4-one) II with aromatic diamine. All of III's examined were soluble in m-cresol and N-methylpyrrolidone, and the solutions of III's with ηlnh of 0.16-0.70dlg-1 could be cast into brittle films. Solubilities of III's in other organic solvents depended on the pendant imide groups. The thermal stability of III's in air and N2 was evaluated by using TG. III's started to decompose mainly in the temperature range of 400-500°C with the exception of the polymer with nadimide group in the side chain. Two step decomposition was observed in the polymer with nadimide group where the first step involving the volatilization of 13% specimen in the temperature range of 260-320°C corresponds to the liberation of cyclopentadiene from nadimide group in the polymer. The pendant imide groups had an important effect on the thermal stability of III's.View full abstractDownload PDF (858K) -
Yasuo FUJIMURA, Isoji SAKAI, Motoyoshi HATADA, Toshio OKADA, Katsuhiko ...1980 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 29-33
Published: January 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor polybutadiene (PB) having carboxyl end groups, the molecular conformation at air/water interface was investigated by measuring the surface pressure of the monolayer with Langmuir film balance. The limiting area (A1) increased with increasing molecular weight of the PB. When the dissociation of carboxyl groups were repressed, segment density per unit area (m*) calculated from A1 was 20/ÅA2 and independent of the molecular weight of the PB and the carboxyl group content. When carboxyl groups were dissociated, the PB gave the stable expanded monolayer, and m* was increased to 30/Å2. These results suggested that the PB was adsorbed very strongly at air/water interface with their end carboxyl groups situated on the water surface, when carboxyl groups were dissociated.View full abstractDownload PDF (927K) -
Ryoichi MURAKAMI1980 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 35-40
Published: January 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTemperature dependence of the dynamic viscoelasticity of starch, amylose, and amylopectin impregnated with glycerin was measured to elucidate the structure of the gel prepared from dimethylsulfoxide solution. The results obtained from the X-ray diffraction pattern and the viscoelastic behavior are as follows. (1) Rigidity of amylose impregnated with glycerin lowers stepwise in the transition region, but the changes are small. The results show that the amylose gel forms a tight structure in spite of the lower crystallinity indicated by the X-ray diffraction method. (2) Rigidity of amylopectin impregnated with glycerin lowers remarkably in the transition region. The results show that the amylopectin gel forms a loose structure except the crystalline region. (3) The starch gel forms an intermediate structure between those of the amylose and the amylopectin gels.View full abstractDownload PDF (1048K) -
Masayuki KASAJIMA, Katsuhiko ITO, Akira SUGANUMA, Daizo KUNII1980 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 41-48
Published: January 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKneading characteristics of resin blends for the system such as polycarbonate (PC) -poly (methyle methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS) -low-density polyethylene (LDPE) (two phase system), and PMMA-LDPE-PS (three phase system) were measured at various blend ratios and setting temperatures. The lower the setting temperature is, the longer time is required for the setting and kneading temperature to become equivalent. Such phenomenon occurs most remarkably in the case of the PC resin. The kneading curves for the PC-PMMA system are located between the curves for the corresponding monocomponents. For the PS-LDPE kneading at lower setting temperatures, the curves for blend ratios are located on the lower side of the kneading torque than those for the PS and LDPE. No additivity of the kneading characteristics was found. The kneading characteristics of the two phase system depend strongly on the kneading property of PMMA and PS, both exhibiting high kneading fluidities. The kneading characteristics of the three phase system depend strongly on the kneading property of PS.View full abstractDownload PDF (1437K) -
Kenji SUMIYA, Katsuhiko NAKAMAE, Seiji WATATANI, Fumitada HAYAMA, Tsun ...1980 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 49-56
Published: January 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe interaction between γ-Fe2O3 particles and polymers was studied by measuring the saturation adsorption, the dispersion of particles in the dilute solution, the phase separation ability for particles at high-concentrated solutions and the interfacial tension of polymersat the oil-water interface. The polymer effect thus evaluated was found to decrease in the order, PVB [poly (vinyl butyral)], PVAC [poly (vinyl acetate)] and PS (polystyrene). The polymer effect on the packing and the rientation of γ-Fe2O3 particles in the magnetic films decreased in the same order. Furthermore, the degree of orientation of γ-Fe2O3 particles in the PVB magnetic films was found to be about 60% by X-ray diffraction techniqueView full abstractDownload PDF (1682K) -
Masaki SHIMBO, Mitsukazu OCHI, Mitsuo YAMADA1980 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 57-63
Published: January 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBisphenol A type epoxide resins were cured with aliphatic α, ω-dicarboxylic acids in the absenceor presence of an accelerator such as tertiary amines or stannous octanoate. Acceleration mechanismwas studied by observing the tensile and tensile-shear strengths, variation of the remaining reactivegroups, and the gel contents. In the presence of accelerator, the conversion of epoxide group and thechanges of tensile and tensile-shear strength of cured resins were nearly the same as those in theabsence of accelerator. However, the time of curing was decreased by addition of tertiary amines orstannous actanoate. From the results of saponification of cured resins and the changes of their reactivegroups, it was found that the formation of ester linkages was selectively accelerated and that of etherlinkages was inhibited by addition of tertiary amines.View full abstractDownload PDF (1539K) -
Takeo HAMAYA, Sumio YAMADA1980 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 65-71
Published: January 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe permeation rate and separation factor of diethylamine-Water liquidmixtures through cellophane were measured by using a pervaporation apparatus in the temperature range 25-45°C. The liquid permeation rate increased and separation factor decreased with increasing temperature or with the increase in the weight fraction of water in the feed mixture. Fromthe permeation ratio-composition curve, it was suggested that the permeation of each componentwas affected by the existence of other component. In the amine-rich region, permeation takes place by the typical active diffusive mechanism, in which an enhanced permeation can be described in terms of the plasticizing effect. In contrast, Paul's solution-diffusion theory was applicable in the explanation of the water-rich region. In this region, permeation was depressed with increasing weight fraction of diethylamine in the feed mixture. This may be explained by the hydrodynamic regime of diffusion, in which diffusion coefficient decreased linearly with increasing viscosity of liquid mixture.View full abstractDownload PDF (1246K) -
Katsutoshi NAGAI, Kiyoji NABEKURA1980 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 73-75
Published: January 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe association behavior of styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMC) with poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) in the aqueous methanol has been investigated by viscosity measurement of the mixed polymer solution. The viscosity of SMC was profoundly dependent on the solvent composition, showing a maximum at 70 vol% methanol, which is in contrast with little dependence of the viscosity of PVP on the solvent composition. In 70 vol% methanol solution, the viscosity of the mixed polymer solution showed a clear-cut minimum at the equimolar composition of carboxyl group of SMC and carbonyl one of PVP, suggesting that the polymer association takes place in a 1: 1 stoichiometric relation between the func-tional groups of the two polymers.View full abstractDownload PDF (535K)
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