The spread of the personal computer and digital imaging device accelerated the performance improvement of the color printer. The printing quality depends on mechanical accuracy and coloring material of the printer, but at the end, the printing paper has the most influence. Especially, it is difficult to develop the sublimation printing paper, because the dye absorption layer is necessary. In addition, it is important for the development to consider heatproof, elasticity and easiness to peel off. To know what design is done, we analyzed the feature of the sublimation printing paper by using some observation and composition analysis. As a result, the characterization of this sample different from other printing paper was enabled.

抄録全体を表示

It is important to observe the expanse and penetration of ink vehicle in paper for the printing property. However, it is difficult to directly visualize the distribution of the ink vehicle as is. We noted that osmium tetroxide (OsO₄) was selectively modified with ink vehicle in a gas phase. As a result, ink vehicle labeled with osmium could be observed by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), EPMA (Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope). The distribution of ink vehicle on the surface of offset printed paper could be observed as backscatter electron images by SEM. The penetration of ink vehicle into paper could be observed from cross section side by an OsMa image of EPMA. The blend polymers in the ink vehicle could be observed as different contrasts by TEM.

抄録全体を表示

The information of particle size and dispersion of component of toner are obtained by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observation. TEM sample preparation most suitable for toner is ultramicrotomy. To distinguish toner from embedded resin, and avoid a change of toner in contacting with embedded resin, it is necessary to coat metal on the surface of toner before embedding. Wax which is contained in toner is able to be observed by RuO₄ staining. For the printed media, TEM or Optical Microscopy (OM) observations are also effective. In the composition analysis of toner, it is important to contrive the separation methods and to select the suitable analytical methods for each component. Especially, it is difficult to decide the chemical structure of the organic pigment. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is one of the good methods to determine the molecular weight of the pigment especially phthalocyanine. The reductive decomposition of azo bond is efficient to transform the azo pigment to soluble compounds. The chemical structures of these compounds are determined by LC/MS and NMR, and the structure of the original pigment is constructed from these degradation products.

抄録全体を表示

In modern society, we see adhesion technology everywhere we look in the environment, from the printing, packaging, electrical goods, architecture and civil engineering industries, to the automotive and aircraft industries, and even in the space industry in space shuttles. Adhesion technology plays an important role in all industries and any improvements in the adhesion performance of products will have a significant impact. Thus it is important to analyze the factors related to adhesion. This paper describes the theory of adhesion and different methods of surface analysis. Using, as an example, the adhesion between hydrothermal aluminum foil and low-density polyethylene, this paper explains how adhesion factors can be evaluated and analyzed using surface analysis technology.

抄録全体を表示

Surface and Interfacial Cutting Method was developed for measurement of adhesive strength and shear strength of coating materials. It is also suited to continuous measurement of strength of materials from outer layer to the inside, that is, the depth profiling.

抄録全体を表示

A spectral-based Neugebauer model, which is a direct derivation of the Neugebauer equations, is proposed for the prediction of printed color. A distinctive feature of this model is that the dot area ratios are modified differently at every wavelength. The capacity of this Neugebauer model to work for all binary color printing is doubtful however, due to the fact that it appears to have been examined prior to the development of some of the more complex models that have been proposed for accurate prediction. This research investigates the conditions under which the model can be applied and its effectiveness. Three experiments were conducted. The first experiment evaluated which kind of printers the model works on. The model achieved satisfactory prediction accuracy for application in sheet and web offset. The second experiment investigated how the screening conditions of offset printing affect the model performance. AM, FM, and AM⁄FM hybrid screenings were evaluated. The model only worked sufficiently under the AM screening condition. The purpose of the final experiment was to evaluate the accuracy of the model's prediction of printed color on different types of paper using offset printing. The results showed that the model performed sufficiently on any type of the coated paper. In conclusion, the model proves to be a good predictor of color that is printed on coated paper using offset printing and under AM screening.

抄録全体を表示

Usage of color space in the newspaper increased remarkably in the past 10 years. The quality was also improved by that. Today, we are not satisfied only by the color is just used, but we also demand high quality color reproduction. As the quality improves, similar quality evaluation becomes indispensable in the quality control. Color space is evaluated with human eyes in printing. In this case, a standard of evaluation of color reproduction is gray. An aim of color reproduction is to print gray by gray. Therefore, there is not a standard of color reproduction unless we have standard gray to recognize to be gray. In this paper, the standard gray was proposed by substantial evaluation of gray patches arranged systematically in the CIELAB space. As standard gray of L^*=54, a^*=-1, and b^*=3 was suggested.

抄録全体を表示