Printers world-wide have used high VOC (volatile organic compound) products for years because of their high solvency, fast evaporation characteristics and the low cost. However, as VOC solvents have been shown to be harmful to human health, air quality and the environment in general, these negative attributes have resulted in increasingly restrictive regulations and out-right prohibition in many parts of the world. This paper explains the background of this regulatory movement, discusses the current environmental laws and regulations in Europe, USA and Japan, and describes the next generation of VOC replacement solvents. It also predicts some of the upcoming product trends in the ecology-focused future.

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The substitutive fountain solutions for isopropyl alcohol (IPA) have spread widely for lithographic printing with continuous feed dampening systems. In recent years, these substitutes have been improved considerably, and reduce IPA amount in fountain solution in many cases, but complete elimination of IPA has not yet been realized in some printing conditions (ink or dampener). In this paper the functions and the constitution of fountain solutions for continuous feed dampening systems are described. Also recent technical trend of fountain solution are described.

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A large amount of solvent is used to wash ink in the offset printing. The safer materials are demanded from the side of environmental maintenance and the work safety hygiene. The current state of the cleaner for the offset printing, the improvement method, and the problem are explained in this paper.

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In-line coating system is currently very popular in use for package, label and other printing products all over the world. Purposes to use coating systems are producing high gloss and/or reinforced surface, reducing spray powder and so forth. Aqueous coating technology was developed in early '70s. After that, coater dampeners, plate coating systems and some other initial systems went along. Tower coater came to the market in early '80s and UV coating broke into there in late '80s. In '90s, multiple tower coater systems, chamber type coating systems, special dryer systems and so forth were shown up. Such systems realized variety of printed products. Typical components of above coating systems are explained with some figures in this chapter. Some latest configurations of coating systems are also explained.

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Commercial and technical trend of paper coating varnishes are reviewed. Health and safety legislation and environmental requirements have been becoming critical in development. Water-based system and UV curable system are being tried to substitute for solvent -based products, which contain flammable organic solvents including toluene and methylethylketone. Though so-called water-based coatings are more safe in terms of flammability, they generally contain alcohol and glycolether to give good print quality. The alcohol and glycol free type is also developed for practical use. One of the most environmentally friendly solutions in the application of coatings is UV curable system. Acrylic monomers formulated in UV-curable coatings as reactive diluents can be cured with UV irradiation. Commercial and technical trend of paper coating varnishes are reviewed. Health and safety legislation and environmental requirements have been becoming critical in development. Water-based system and UV curable system are being tried to substitute for solvent-based products, which contain flammable organic solvents including toluene and methylethylketone. Though so-called water-based coatings are more safe in terms of flammability, they generally contain alcohol and glycolether to give good print quality. The alcohol and glycol free type is also developed for practical use. One of the most environmentally friendly solutions in the application of coatings is UV curable system. Acrylic monomers formulated in UV-curable coatings as reactive diluents can be cured with UV irradiation.

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A method of manufacturing phosphor screens for flat monochrome CRT display is developed by a combination of screen printing and thermal transfer processes. Since the micro-structure of sintered layer of phosphor strongly depends on the geometrical distribution of particles and the interparticle attractions in a slurry state, it is important to control the rheological properties of phosphor slurries. By the use of rheologically controlled slurries, the multilayers of phosphor, ITO, and adhesive are formed on the plastic film by screen printing. By heating, the phosphor and conductive layers are transferred to the CRT panel. Because of smooth surface and high packing density, the sintered layer of phosphor provides the brightness comparable to that manufactured by conventional electrodeposition method. The screen printing and thermal transfer techniques have a great potentialities in development of flat monochrome CRT of small size.

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This review deals with the syntheses and photochemical reactions of the certain calixarene derivatives containing (meth) acrylate, vinyl ether, propargyl ether, oxetane, oxirane, spiro ortho ester, cyclohexenyl ether, trimethylsilyl ether, and tert-butoxycarbonyl groups. These calixarene derivatives were synthesized by substitution and addition reactions of hydroxyl groups of calixarenes such as p-tert-butyl-calix [8] arene, p-methyl-calix [6] arene, and calix [4] resorcinarene. Most of the obtained calixarene derivatives had high Tgs, excellent thermal stabilities, and good film forming properties. Furthermore, calixarene derivatives had also high photochemical reactivity, when the photochemical reactions of calixarene derivatives were carried out in the film state upon UV irradiation.

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Printing paper has developed with the expansion of full color printing. Recently, requirements of high quality printing lead to many kinds of useful printing paper. Therefore, it is very important for us to understand the paper sufficiently. This paper describes the characteristics and printability of paper introducing the topics of these days.

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