Although a century has not yet passed since color photography became popular, technological innovation has been brought quickly in the field of imaging industry. Most of the tourists used to carry cameras in their hands at scenic spots. Similarly, these days, we take digital cameras when we go on trips. we can produce beautiful printed images like silver halide pictures with the combination of a digital camera and a digital printing method such as ink jet, thermal dye transfer, and electrophotography.
Holography is a technique for recording and reconstructing a three-dimensional image and has very attractive characteristics. Many interesting applications of this technique are progressing with development of computer, electronic devices, and recording material. The progress of holography in the last decade and the recent trends of the applications are reviewed.
Surrealistic expression is very effective in photographic expression because of its reality. Even in traditional photography many excellent surrealistic pictures were produced by some specially skilled photographers. Today everyone can easily make fantastic images by using a photographic software such as Photoshop. On the other hand, digital imaging is applied to obtain a silver halide style digital image characterized especially by granularity. We can tell photographic expression in the digital age would be to pursue the reality. Whatever surreal or real, principle of lighting and depth of field must be held in expression not beyond the limit of what is acceptable as a photograph.
A history of the scientific researches on the mechanism of spectral sensitization and of their application to the technological developments is presented. The scientific researches have been made since the 1920's extensively especially in the following areas: 1. characteristics of the sensitizing dye molecules such as light absorption and redox capability, 2. their adsorption to the emulsion grain surface, 3. their J-aggregate formation, 4. supersensitization and 5. kinetics of the sensitization processes. The knowledge thus obtained has made the basic mechanism clear, helped build the technologies letting the sensitizing dyes fully work and lead to the significant improvements of color sensitive materials. On the other hand the tabular grain technology introduced early in the 1980's enables the emulsions to be loaded with much more dyes for their enhanced spectral sensitization.
Transparent OLEDs (TOLEDs) can be fabricated by employing a transparent cathode with a low work function. However, most transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) have a high work function (WF). Therefore, we proposed a new sputtering method for fabricating a novel transparent conductive film of ITO: Cs film. This TOLED of each color (red (R), green (G), blue (B)) with ITO: Cs film was fabricated. The turn-on threshold voltages of G-TOLED were decreased, and higher efficiencies were obtained.