[in Japanese]

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Balance reactions are known to play an important role for acquiring standing and walking. Our purpose in this study was to find out more about the principle of the developmental process of balance reactions during walking.
We studied one diplegic cerebral palsied child who took almost one year to acquire independent walking.
In order to record his walking processes we used a large pedoscope (G 1821 S) made by ANIMA and a motor-drive camera (Cannon F-1, 5 frames/sec). We took these records periodically after he first began to walk.
In our analysis we could devide the process of his walking into three stages. The first stage was characterized by a lack of balance reactions. This was during the first three to five months after beginning his treatment. In the second stage, from the fifth to the ninth month of treatment, we could see remarkable compensatory movements during walking. In the third stage of his walking, after nine months, we could recognize comparativelly proper postural adjustments.
Balance reactions are called stato-kinetic reactions, which consist of both static and dynamic elements. We could confirm the process by which these two elements were harmonized and integrated through treatment.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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The measurement of the stump-socket interface pressure is important in the rehabilitation of lower limb amptees. However objective measurement have not be sufficiently done up to this time.
So in this paper, the stump-socket interface pressure of below knee amputees in more daily-life-like walking situation was recorded and analyzed, with a new apparatus of ultra thin pressure sensors and originally developed compact gait analyzer.
In practice seven sensors were placed on the patella tendon, the medial and lateral tibia condyle, the medial and lateral tibia crest, the tip of tibia and the calf by adhesive tape.
Results are that pressure at the tip of tibia is higher than that at the patella tendon during walking. This phenomenon indicates that the pressure in static posture is different from that in dynamic situation. And the real dynamic pressure pattern indicates two peaks similar to the vertical floor reaction force measured by the force plate.
In any way the stump-socket interface pressure can be measured in objective and quantitative manner that can't be measured by methods used till now.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Knowledge of walking pattern is required for physical therapy, orthopedics and orthosis of CVA Patients. With force-plate, the gait information can be obtained consistently, rapidly and easily. There exists much literature on the force-plate studies, but there has been only a little amount of information about the pattern of the floor reaction force in Hemiplegic Gait. The pattern classification of the floor reaction force influenced by walking pattern is of considerable practical interest.
(1) Equinovarus Gait.
The vertical force (Fz) showed a slight increase after foot contact of the affected side and remained stationary during the most of the long double-support period. The deceleration and acceleration components of fore-aft force (Fy) were small and their shapes were not clear. The magnitude of the lateral force (Fx) was also small throughout the double-support period and became a large value only during the single-support period of the affected side. The orthosis, which applied to the affected foot, made all force components close to the normal forms.
(2) Gait with Considerable Pelvis Retraction.
During the period of early double-support phase, the affected side Fz first increased, after generally agreed with on the sound side, next decreased temporally and reached the minimum. After a time, the Fz again increased to body weight. The second peak value of Fx wave was larger than the first one.
(3) Snapping Gait.
The notch in the Fz increasing curve of the affected side during the weight applying phase had a larger value than in nomal walking. By the electrogoniometeric measurement, it was obtained that the notch appeared in the extensional motion of the kneejoint contrary to the flexional motion in normal walking.
(4) Abduction Gait with External Rotation of the Hip-Joint.
There was a large distance in the coronal plane between the floor contact point of the affected foot and the center of gravity of the body. As a consequence, the Fx force, especially the second peak force, was of remarkably larger magnitude than that seen in normal walking.
(5) Shuffling Gait.
After the appearance of the Fy acceleration component, the toe was dragged along the ground, so that there was the deceleration force again just before foot off.
(6) Circumduction Gait with Lateral-Bending of Trunk.
The Fx curve of the sound side became a deep valley form. The minimum point reached to approximately zero. At foot contact of the affected side, the Fx became the great and outward shock wave form.

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