Physical Therapy Japan
Online ISSN : 2189-602X
Print ISSN : 0289-3770
ISSN-L : 0289-3770
Volume 32, Issue 5
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
Original Articles
  • Tetsuya TAKAHASHI, Megumi KUMAMARU, Hiromi YAMADA, Masumi TATEISHI, Yu ...
    Article type: Article
    2005Volume 32Issue 5 Pages 319-325
    Published: August 20, 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between excessive ventilation during exercise and decreased respiratory function such as decreased respiratory muscle strength and decreased vital capacity, central chemosensitivity after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Eighteen patients following CABG via median sternotomy performed cardiopulmonary exercise test, pulmonary function test, respiratory muscle strength test, and central chemosensitivity test. Pulmonary function such as vital capacity, forced expired volume in one second and respiratory muscle strength, central chemosensitivity, anaerobic threshold and the slope of minute ventilation (VE) and carbon dioxide output (VCO2) (VE/VCO2 slope) showed significant improvement after 2-week aerobic exercise training. However, no relationships were found between the improvement of VE/VCO2 slope and the improvement of respiratory function. Central chemosensitivity was moderately correlated with VE/VCO2 slope, and end-tidal CO2 pressure (PETCO2) at the respiratory compensation point significantly and strongly correlated with VE/VCO2 slope. In conclusion, improvement of pulmonary function did not affect excessive exercise ventilation after CABG. Improvement of excessive exercise ventilation after CABG may result from improvement of cardiac output since PETCO2 at the respiratory compensation point represents cardiac output during exercise.
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  • Shohei OHGI, Hirotaka GIMA, Kek Khee Loo, Tomitaro AKIYAMA
    Article type: Article
    2005Volume 32Issue 5 Pages 326-332
    Published: August 20, 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Early intervention planning for infants with disabilities has conventionally been centered on the infants' disabilities, rather than the family's adjustment. There have been no prior studies designed to evaluate the effects of early intervention, based on the principles of the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), on infants with disabilities and their mothers.
    The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of an NBAS-based intervention for infants with disabilities, in enhancing infant neurobehavioral organization, maternal self-efficacy, and mother-infant interaction.
    This trial consisted of a time series design two-week observation (base-line) and intervention periods to analyze the efficacy of the NBAS-based intervention on infants' neurobehavior, maternal self-efficacy and mother-infant interaction. Subjects were 13 infants with disabilities (6 cystic periventricular leukomalacia, 3 chromosomal anomaly, 1 birth asphyxia, 1 holoprosencephaly, 1 congenital multiple arthrogryposis, 1 Russell-Silver syndrome) and their mothers receiving care in the NICU at Nagasaki University Hospital. The Brazelton NBAS, Lack of Confidence in Caregiving (LCC) items of the Mother and Baby Scale, and the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS), were used to assess neonatal neurobehaviors, maternal self-efficacy, and the quality of mother-infant interaction respectively, at 3 time points: at intake, pre-intervention, and postintervention. The NBAS-based intervention consisted of parental observation of the NBAS exam conducted by the infant specialist, followed by discussion of infants behavioral characteristics and demonstration of intervention strategies to attune mothers to their infants behaviors. Intervention sessions were performed 6-8 times, 30 minutes per session, during intervention period.
    The NBAS orientation and State Regulation cluster scores, the LCC score, and the NCATS Caregiver Total and Subscale scores (Sensitivity to cues and Social-Emotional Growth Fostering) were significantly improved post-intervention.
    The NBAS-based intervention has beneficial effects on neonatal neurobehavioral organization and the quality of mother-infant interaction skills and maternal self-efficacy, in infants with developmental disabilities. Attunement of mothers to their infants' behaviors early on in life may promote a positive cycle of interaction between parents and infants.
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Report
  • Yukari OHASHI, Yumi SAKAMOTO, Masae SHINOZAKI
    Article type: Article
    2005Volume 32Issue 5 Pages 333-340
    Published: August 20, 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Serial position effects have been confirmed through several researches with regard to verbal memory in the field of psychology. In this study, we examined if the serial position effects are also confirmed in the motor memory. The purpose of this study was to get some implications about the kinesthetic input process and its memory systems.
    This study consisted of three experiments of healthy adults. In experiment 1, we asked subjects to close their eyes, flex their elbow at a right angle, and hold 5 different weights, between 0.5 and 4 kg, in random order. Then, we asked subjects to reproduce each force that they needed to hold the 5 different weights in order or in reverse. In experiment 2, we measured errors in each subject to detect scale of each given weight. In experiment 3, we reexamined the serial position effects using 7 different weights, 0.5 kg〜7 kg.
    As a result, we could not find any serial position effects in the memory of kinesthetic sense according to our three experiments in this study. Rather, we got an implication of that a schema in each subject was referred to detect the scale of the given weight at the point of input of kinesthetic sense.
    It was suggested that the top-down process using the schema in individual was working at the stage of kinesthetic stimulus identification, and the schema also has an important role at the stage of reproduction in each subject.
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